Accès À La Terre Et Profil De La Pauvreté Dans Le Delta Du Fleuve Sénégal

Cet article tente de caractériser les ménages agricoles pauvres dans le Delta du fleuve Sénégal après la crise alimentaire de 2008, durant laquelle les politiques publiques ont réalisé des aménagements hydroagricoles pour lutter contre la pauvreté et l’insécurité alimentaire. Il s’appuie sur des enquêtes de terrain auprès des producteurs. Les résultats montrent une forte inégalité entre les cultivateurs en termes de capital foncier et de surfaces cultivées. Aussi les ménages les plus pauvres sont-ils ceux qui n’emblavent pas assez de superficies, qui ne cultivent qu’en contre-saison chaude et, par conséquent, ne gagnent pas assez de revenus agricoles pour améliorer leur condition de vie. This paper attempts to characterise poor farming households in the Senegal River Delta after the 2008 food crisis, during which public policies implemented hydro-agricultural developments to combat poverty and food insecurity. It is based on field surveys of producers. The results show a strong inequality between farmers in terms of land capital and cultivated areas. As a result, the poorest households are those that do not cultivate enough land, only cultivate in the off-season and therefore do not earn enough agricultural income to improve their living conditions.&nbsp

Industry-wide corporate fraud: The truth behind the Volkswagen scandal

Corporate fraud committed under climate mitigation pressures is becoming more frequently observed in line with the ever increasing environmental standards and relevant regulation enforcements. One example is the Volkswagen Emission Gate Scandal. Using firm-level panel data of major automobile manufacturers from 2000 to 2015, this study empirically identifies the motives behind the corporate deception scandal. We develop a conceptual model summarising the factors affecting decision-making, and the firms' environmentally responsible investments (ERIs) including the truthfulness of related public communications. Our findings identify legal and regulatory pressures, the firm's existing level of ERIs competency and expertise, pressures from emission regulation, market competitors, consumers, owners, or shareholders as the key factors inducing the scandal. The empirical findings show that firms are more likely to experience corporate fraud if their senior managers are paid with substantial variable components that may lead them to engage in riskier business behaviour and to be more short-term focused, thereby supporting the well-established contract theory. To avoid corporate fraud and engage in legitimate business competitiveness, we suggest that firms should focus on technological innovation as well as improving corporate governance and leverage ratios to effectively control and monitor management. In addition, policy makers should be more realistic about practical and commercial limitations in the policy-setting process, and take on a more supporting role in achieving technological innovations and effective corporate governance. In summary, we argue that cleaner production is not only the result of technologically progress and research, but importantly it also involves issues associated with corporate governance and business ethics

Indications and Morbidity of Reoperative Thyroid Surgeries in a Military Hospital of Senegal

Objectives. To describe reoperative thyroid surgeries in our department. Study Design. Retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study at the Ouakam Military Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), over a period of eight and a half years. Methods. The study involved all records of patients who had a reoperative thyroidectomy regardless of the indication and time of the second surgery. Parameters evaluated for first and reoperative surgery were time interval between the two surgeries, operative indications, surgical procedures, intraoperative findings, pathological examination, and morbidity. Results. 30 records of patients were selected out of a total of 698 thyroidectomies (4.3%). Thyroid cancers diagnosed on first surgical specimens were the first indications of reoperations (46.67%) followed by neck hematoma (20%). Completion thyroidectomy with a prophylactic central lymph nodes dissection was the most performed surgical procedure (43.33%) followed by haemostasis (20%). During reoperation, we found active bleeding (20%), textiloma (6.67%), and fourth branchial cleft fistula (3.33%). The morbidity accounted for 10%: lymphorrhea, permanent hypocalcemia, and permanent recurrent nerve palsy, in one case, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the morbidity in patients reoperated on and the one for patients operated on once. Conclusion. We did not find an increased risk of postoperative morbidity after reintervention

P2P Lending platforms in Malaysia: the awareness among Malaysian adults [version 3; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Since 2016, the Securities Commission (SC) in Malaysia has given licenses to only eleven P2P lending platforms. Such lending platforms are expected to disrupt the lending services of traditional lenders in the coming years. However, being still in their infant stages, it is essential to know the extent to which such platforms are made known to potential investors out there. This study aims to examine the awareness level of the eleven P2P lending platforms among Malaysian adults. The study also explores if past investment experience and financial knowledge would influence such awareness from Malaysian adults. Methods: A sample of 335 Malaysian individuals was used for this study. An online questionnaire was designed with three main parts: demographic, financial literacy, and P2P lending awareness. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 26, frequency, descriptive, normality, Pearson coefficients and multiple regression analyses were carried out.  Results: Although seven out of ten respondents have good knowledge in three areas of finance: compounding rate, inflation and diversification, only 14.33% had a good and excellent awareness level of P2P lending. Thus, one would expect lesser awareness about P2P lending among Malaysian adults whose financial literacy is poor or zero. Test results from multiple regression analysis suggest that past lending experiences positively affect the awareness of P2P lending in Malaysia, but not the financial literacy. Conclusions: The awareness about P2P lending among Malaysian adults is too low, despite their high level of education and financial literacy. No investing experience and not knowing any existing P2P lending in the country may be the reason for this low awareness. Therefore, for P2P lending to thrive in Malaysia, the eleven P2P lending platforms need to be promoted aggressively in various social media outlets

Right-heart infective endocarditis: apropos of 10 cases

The prevalence and characteristics of right heart endocarditis in Africa are not well known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profiles of patients with right-heart infective endocarditis. This was a 10-year retrospective study conducted in 2 cardiology departments in Dakar, Senegal. All patients who met the diagnosis of right heart infective endocarditis according to the Duke's criteria were included. We studied the epidemiological, clinical as well as their laboratory profiles. There were 10 cases of right-heart infective endocarditis representing 3.04% of cases of infective endocarditis. There was a valvulopathy in 3 patients, an atrial septal defect in 1 patient, parturiency in 2 patients and the presence of a pacemaker in one patient. Anaemia was present in 9 patients whilst leukocytosis in 6 patients. The port of entry was found to be oral in three cases, ENT in one case and urogenital in two cases. Apart from one patient with vegetations in the tricuspid and pulmonary valves, the rest had localized vegetation only at the tricuspid valve. However, blood culture was positive in only three patients. There was a favorable outcome after antibiotic treatment in 4 patients with others having complications; three cases of renal impairment, two cases of heart failure and one case of pulmonary embolism. There was one mortality. Right heart infective endocarditis is rare but associated with potentially fatal complications.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2

Shale Revolution, Shifting Crude Dynamics and Implications to the Aviation Industry and Aircraft Purchase Policy

Major events and structural changes induce large variations in the intensity of the shocks and their relative contribution to the oil price movements. Our study proposes a new methodology that allows timely identification of the shifting contribution from the two types of shock through a joint analysis of crude futures options and stock index options. Applying the methodology to historical data shows that crude futures price movements were dominated by supply shocks in the earlier half of our sample from 2004 to 2008, but have since become much more demand driven. The large demand shock following the 2008 financial crisis contributed to the start of this shift in the dynamics, while the subsequent rise of the shale revolution fundamentally altered the crude supply behaviour. The increasing U.S. shale oil production at a competitive cost has undercut the price-setting power of the OPEC, and lowered the OPEC’s incentive to self-regulate its production. As a result of this dynamics shift, investors have shifted from being concerned with crude oil price hikes as a gauge of increasing production cost, to worrying about crude oil price declines as an indication of weakening demand and this will have huge implications for Airlines in their aircraft purchase policies and also for the aircraft manufacturers

Malick Sy

Dr Malick Sy has more than 25 years of experience in Corporations’ management, financial consulting and advisory to many financial institutions in Asia- Pacific, Europe and USA. He has been a Risk Management Director of Bursa Malaysia for several years in managing the Asian Financial Crisis and he set up more than 63 Risk Management Systems for Corporations and Financial Institutions in Malaysia and Singapore. He has been an advisor to many banks and Asset Management companies such as DBS Bank, UOB Bank, ANZ Bank, ABN, Credit Suisse Singapore, HSBC, MayBank, CIMB Bank, PNB Malaysia, Bank of America, BNP Paribas, DST Australia, Australia Stock Exchange and several public listed companies in Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Dr Malick Sy has provided advisory services to many corporations in meeting their listing requirement for their IPOs and aircraft leasing and jet fuel management. He was a member of the Singapore Exchange Corporate Advisory Committee in Derivatives (SGX-DT) for over 10 years. Dr Sy is an Adjunct Professor at Embry Riddle University Worldwide and supervises several students Research Projects in their Master of Business Administration in Aviation (MBAA) Program. He is a Professor of Finance at the RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia and a Visiting Professor of Finance at the City University of New York, New York City, USA.https://commons.erau.edu/aviasian-bios/1019/thumbnail.jp