476 research outputs found
Methods and masters: multilingual teaching in 16th-century Louvain
En el siglo XVI se hablaban y se practicaban varias lenguas en Flandes, especialmente en la ciudad universitaria de Lovaina
y en Amberes, centro econĂłmico de los PaĂses Bajos españoles. El multilingĂŒismo que se practicaba era por un lado un multilingĂŒismo
âverticalâ, implicando el estudio de las tres lenguas âsagradasâ (hebreo, griego, latĂn); este tipo de estudio se concretizĂł con la fundaciĂłn
del Collegium Trilingue de Lovaina (1517). Por otro lado, estaba muy difundido un multilingĂŒismo âhorizontalâ, que implicaba las lenguas
vernĂĄculas, como el español, el francĂ©s y el italiano; este tipo de multilingĂŒismo se explica por el ascenso de la clase comerciante.
La presente contribuciĂłn analiza la documentaciĂłn disponible (sobre los maestros de lengua y los instrumentos didĂĄcticos) y rastrea los
factores contextuales que influĂan en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en Flandes, con particular atenciĂłn a Lovaina.In 16th-century Flanders, various languages were spoken and practiced, especially in the university town of Louvain and the city of
Antwerp, the economic heart of the Southern Low Countries. On the one hand, the multilingualism to be observed there was a âverticalâ one: it
concerned the study of the three âsacredâ languages (Hebrew, Greek, and Latin), and is typically exemplified by the creation of the Collegium
Trilingue in Louvain (1517). On the other hand, there was a widespread âhorizontalâ multilingualism, involving the vernaculars (e.g., French, Italian,
Spanish) and serving the needs of the ascending merchant class. The present paper surveys the extant documentation (language masters, didactic
tools), and investigates the contextual factors underlying the teaching and learning of foreign languages in Flanders, with a focus on Louvain
The articulus according to Latin grammarians up to the early Middle Ages : the complex interplay of tradition and innovation in grammatical doctrine
âIch erwarte mit Ungeduld das absolute Ende meiner elenden Existenz...â:The âImageâ of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay in his Correspondence with Hugo Schuchardt
3. De Prague à Strasbourg :Phonétique et phonologie du français chez Georges Gougenheim et Georges Straka
Sous le titre « De Prague Ă Strasbourg », il mâa paru utile et justifiĂ© de rassembler lâĆuvre de deux auteurs â lâun presque exclusivement francisant, lâautre romaniste, mais avec une forte spĂ©cialisation dans le domaine gallo-roman (oĂč ses Ă©tudes francoÂprovençales resteront une rĂ©fĂ©rence incontournable) â, qui par le biais dâune formation philologique (dont lâempreinte se rĂ©affirmera Ă la fin de leur carriĂšre avec des Ă©tudes philologiques et lexicologiques) en sont venus Ă sâoccuper de phon..
Tras las huellas de mauricio Swadesh: en bĂșsqueda de una lingĂŒĂstica «total»
The notion of âantecedentsâ in the historiography of linguistics calls for a number of observations, concerning, e.g., the relevance and the justification of any reference to âprecursorsâ. An even more interesting question concerns the motivation underlying the identification of âantecedentsâ. Basically, the reference to antecedents implies some kind of âassociationâ, a type of âsolidarityâ with ideas, techniques, projects formulated in the past. While this âassociationâ or âsolidarityâ may seem a purely subjective affair, upon close inspection one detects an âobjective foundationâ, in the form of cognitive elements that appear in techniques, methods or models identified as methodological, or epistemological, antecedents. These objective cognitive elements gain in significance when they are tied up with views on the general nature of language, seen in its broader social and cultural context. An âinspiring antecedentâ in this respect is Morris (Mauricio) Swadesh, a student of Edward Sapir, who became one of the leading linguists in the second quarter of the 20th century. Although he is probably better (or best) known for his âtechnicalâ, âtheoreticalâ, and âmethodologicalâ contributions and innovations âthe phonemic principle; the morphophoneme as a solution for phonological alternations; glottochronology or lexicostatisticsâ, his most inspiring ideas can be found in two of his more general works (written in Spanish) on linguistics, La nueva filologĂa and El lenguaje y la vida humana.La nociĂłn de âantecedentesâ en la historiografĂa de la lingĂŒĂstica invita a formular algunas observaciones, que, por ejemplo, tienen que ver con la relevancia y la justificaciĂłn de cualquier referencia a âprecursoresâ. Una pregunta aĂșn mĂĄs interesante concierne a la motivaciĂłn que sostiene la identificaciĂłn de âantecedentesâ. BĂĄsicamente, la referencia a antecedentes implica una especie de âasociaciĂłnâ, un tipo de âsolidaridadâ con ideas, tĂ©cnicas, proyectos propuestos en el pasado. Si a primera vista esa âasociaciĂłnâ o âsolidaridadâ parece ser algo puramente subjetivo, un examen mĂĄs profundo permite destacar un âfundamento objetivoâ, bajo forma de elementos cognitivos que estĂĄn presentes en las tĂ©cnicas, los mĂ©todos o modelos identificados como antecedentes metodolĂłgicos o epistemolĂłgicos. Estos elementos cognitivos objetivos consiguen mayor significaciĂłn cuando estĂĄn vinculados a vistas acerca de la naturaleza general del lenguaje, colocado en su contexto social y cultural mĂĄs amplio. Un âantecedente inspiradorâ a este repecto es Mauricio (Morris) Swadesh, un discĂpulo de Edward Sapir, que volviĂł a ser uno de los lĂderes en la lingĂŒĂstica del segundo cuarto del siglo XX. Aunque Swadesh es mĂĄs conocido por sus aportaciones e innovaciones «tĂ©cnicas», «teĂłricas » y «metodolĂłgicas» âel âprincipio fonĂ©micoâ; el morfofonema como soluciĂłn para las alternancias fonolĂłgicas; la glotocronologĂa o la lĂ©xico estadĂsticaâ sus ideas mĂĄs inspiradoras se hallan en dos de sus libros (escritos en español) que articulan una visiĂłn general de la lingĂŒĂstica: La nueva filologĂa y El lenguaje y la vida humana
Modeler lâĂ©tude des signes de la langue : Saussure et la place de la linguistique
Le projet de « linguistique gĂ©nĂ©rale » de Ferdinand de Saussure visait Ă dĂ©finir, en marquant lâopposition avec la linguistique nĂ©o-grammairienne, lâobjet et la mĂ©thode de la linguistique, afin de situer la linguistique dans lâensemble des sciences. Ce projet, qui tĂ©moigne de la familiaritĂ© de F. de Saussure avec la problĂ©matique, alors trĂšs importante, de la classification gĂ©nĂ©rale des sciences, a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ©e par le linguiste genevois depuis sa pĂ©riode parisienne (dans les annĂ©es 1880) jusquâĂ la fin de son enseignement Ă GenĂšve (1911). Lâentreprise de Saussure acquiert toute sa pertinence si on lâanalyse Ă la lumiĂšre des contributions de philosophes comme Edmond Goblot et Adrien Naville Ă la problĂ©matique de la classification des sciences.Ferdinand de Saussureâs project of a âgeneral linguisticsâ was intended to define, in opposition to Neogrammarian doctrine, the object and method(ology) of linguistics, so as to assign its proper place to linguistics within the realm of science. This project, testifying to Saussureâs familiarity with the then prominent problem of a general classification of the sciences, was developed by Saussure during his Parisian period (in the 1880s) right up to his last courses at the university of Geneva (1911). Saussureâs undertaking acquires its full significance when analysed in the light of the contributions by philosophers such as Edmond Goblot and Adrien Naville to the debate on the classification of science
Janus devant le miroir : Albert Sechehaye (1870-1946), linguiste théoricien face au grammairien praticien*
LâAbrĂ©gĂ© de grammaire française sur un plan constructif (1926) dâAlbert Sechehaye est un ouvrage Ă orientation didactique qui est en rapport direct avec ses conceptions de linguiste thĂ©oricien : lâauteur y expose (ses vues sur) la structuration progressive de la matiĂšre linguistique telle quâelle doit ĂȘtre apprise graduellement par lâĂ©lĂšve. Câest Ă travers la prĂ©sentation de phrases-types, qui reflĂštent une complexitĂ© syntactico-discursive croissante et qui sâappuient sur les opĂ©rations de substitution et dâexpansion que lâapprenant saisit le mĂ©canisme formateur de la langue et quâil apprend Ă construire le « systĂšme de la grammaire ». Lâarticle prĂ©sente une analyse des conceptions thĂ©oriques de Sechehaye et de leur mise en application didactique dans leur rapport avec lâattachement Ă la linguistique saussurienne ; la rĂ©ception, immĂ©diate et en moyenne durĂ©e, de lâĆuvre didactico-linguistique de Sechehaye est Ă©galement Ă©tudiĂ©e.The AbrĂ©gĂ© de grammaire françaisesur un plan constructif (1926) of Albert Sechehaye is a didactically oriented work closely tied up with the authorâs conceptions as a theoretical linguist; in this work Sechehaye exposes (his views on) the progressive structuring of the language material as it has to be gradually mastered by the pupil. Through the presentation of sentence types (phrases-types), which reflect the gradually increasing syntactic-discursive complexity and which are based on the operations of substitution and expansion the learner grasps the formative mechanism of a language and learns to construe the âsystem of grammarâ. The article offers an analysis of the theoretical conceptions of Sechehaye and their didactic implementation in relation to their close connection with Saussureâs linguistics; the reception of Sechehayeâs linguistic-didactic contribution is also studied
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