Future Teachers’ Attitude to the Security Problem and Counter Terrorism

The relevance of the theme under study is determined by the problem of ensuring stability and security of the society through young people’s attitude to terrorism. The human community must be able to protect a person’s world outlook, educational, scientific and cultural needs that determine a person’s existence and mental world. One of the key trends in the fight against extremist and terrorist acts in the social environment is their prevention. It is especially important to carry out such preventive measures among young people. The rising generation appears to be the most unprotected category of the population susceptible to the influence of xenophobia destroying traditional values of national cultures and religions which is in a peculiar kind of a spiritual and axiological vacuum. 79 students of 1-5 years of study at the age of 17 - 22 were questioned according to the test-questionnaire ‘Young people’s attitude to terrorism’. Almost all respondents (95%) confirmed that terrorism is dangerous for the society and the problem really exists. Most respondents distinguish such qualities as cruelty, mercenariness, quick temper, and instability when describing a terrorist’s portrait. When analyzing major reasons why people become terrorists, the students gave the first place to striving to feel power over people. Among other important reasons that influence a terrorist’s personality development, they stated commitment to a certain ideology and striving to achieve material wealth. We need an integral system of terrorism prevention including, among other things, its pedagogical foundations. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s7p40

Efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab (humira) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab alone and in combination with basic anti-inflammatory drugs (BAIDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), by taking into account the specific features of the course of the disease. Subjects and methods. The study enrolled 30 patients with a verified diagnosis of RA, its high activity by DAS 28, and ineffective previous therapy with standard BAIDs. At the beginning of the study, 20 (66.7%) patients continued taking BAIDs. According to therapy, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 10 (33.3%) patients received subcutaneous adalimumab injections only; 2) 12 (40%) took adalimumab+methotrexate (MT); 3) 8 (26.7%) had adalimumab+leflunomide. The patient groups were matched for age, the duration and activity of RA (by DAS 28), its X-ray stage and seropositivity. Nine (37.5%) patients took oral glucocorticoids (GCs) and 25 (83.3%) received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Two (8.3%) patients had previously been prescribed biological therapies. Adalimumab was subcutaneously injected every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. The quantitative parameters of articular syndrome and blood and urine biochemical and clinical analyses were used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness. The effect of therapy was evaluated by the ACR and EULAR (DAS 28) criteria. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated 12 and 24 weeks after therapy. Results. The clinical and laboratory effect of adalimumab was noted in 29 (96.7%) of the 30 patients. All the assessed parameters of articular syndrome became significantly lower (p<0.001) by week 12 of therapy and to a greater extent by week 24. Evaluation of the efficiency of adalimumab therapy by the ACR criteria showed that following 12-week therapy, the parameters were decreased by 20% in 87% of the patients and 50% in 16.7%; after 24 weeks, 23.3, 70 and 96.7% achieved very good (ACR 70), good (ACR 50), and satisfactory (ACR 20) effects. Estimation of the time course of changes in the disease activity index (DAS 28) revealed that adalimumab significantly reduced disease activity. Therapeutic effectiveness was also shown as reduced needs for NSAIDs and GCs. Positive clinical and laboratory changes during adalimumab+ MT combination therapy were also demonstrated to be significantly higher than those during adalimumab monotherapy or adalimumab + leflunomide combination therapy. Conclusion. Adalimumab is an effective disease-modifying biological agent. Its benefits may include the rapid development (on days 4-5 on average) and long retention (for 6 months or more) of an effect, a good safety profile (adverse reactions occurred only in 16.7% of the patients), and easiness-to-use

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for precise fatty acid profiling of oilseed crops

Oilseed crops are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils for food and industry. Nutritional and technical properties of vegetable oil are primarily determined by its fatty acid (FA) composition. The content and composition of FAs in plants are commonly determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) or gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques. In the present work, we applied ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technique to FA profiling of sunflower and rapeseed seeds and compared this method with the GC-FID technique. GC-FID detected 11 FAs in sunflower and 13 FAs in rapeseed, while UPLC-MS appeared to be more sensitive, detecting about 2.5 times higher numbers of FAs in both plants. In addition to even-chain FAs, UPLC-MS was able to detect odd-chain FAs. The longest FA detected using GC-FID was an FA with 24 carbon atoms, whereas UPLC-MS could reveal the presence of longer FAs with the tails of up to 28 carbon atoms. Based on our results, we may conclude that UPLC-MS has great potential to be used for the assessment of FA profiles of oil crops

Эффективность и переносимость адалимумаба (Хумира) у пациентов с активным ревматоидным артритом

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adalimumab alone and in combination with basic anti-inflammatory drugs (BAIDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), by taking into account the specific features of the course of the disease. Subjects and methods. The study enrolled 30 patients with a verified diagnosis of RA, its high activity by DAS 28, and ineffective previous therapy with standard BAIDs. At the beginning of the study, 20 (66.7%) patients continued taking BAIDs. According to therapy, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) 10 (33.3%) patients received subcutaneous adalimumab injections only; 2) 12 (40%) took adalimumab+methotrexate (MT); 3) 8 (26.7%) had adalimumab+leflunomide. The patient groups were matched for age, the duration and activity of RA (by DAS 28), its X-ray stage and seropositivity. Nine (37.5%) patients took oral glucocorticoids (GCs) and 25 (83.3%) received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Two (8.3%) patients had previously been prescribed biological therapies. Adalimumab was subcutaneously injected every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. The quantitative parameters of articular syndrome and blood and urine biochemical and clinical analyses were used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness. The effect of therapy was evaluated by the ACR and EULAR (DAS 28) criteria. The efficiency of therapy was evaluated 12 and 24 weeks after therapy. Results. The clinical and laboratory effect of adalimumab was noted in 29 (96.7%) of the 30 patients. All the assessed parameters of articular syndrome became significantly lower (p<0.001) by week 12 of therapy and to a greater extent by week 24. Evaluation of the efficiency of adalimumab therapy by the ACR criteria showed that following 12-week therapy, the parameters were decreased by 20% in 87% of the patients and 50% in 16.7%; after 24 weeks, 23.3, 70 and 96.7% achieved very good (ACR 70), good (ACR 50), and satisfactory (ACR 20) effects. Estimation of the time course of changes in the disease activity index (DAS 28) revealed that adalimumab significantly reduced disease activity. Therapeutic effectiveness was also shown as reduced needs for NSAIDs and GCs. Positive clinical and laboratory changes during adalimumab+ MT combination therapy were also demonstrated to be significantly higher than those during adalimumab monotherapy or adalimumab + leflunomide combination therapy. Conclusion. Adalimumab is an effective disease-modifying biological agent. Its benefits may include the rapid development (on days 4-5 on average) and long retention (for 6 months or more) of an effect, a good safety profile (adverse reactions occurred only in 16.7% of the patients), and easiness-to-use.Цель наблюдения - оценка эффективности и переносимости адалимумаба у больных РА как при монотерапии, так и в комбина- ции с базисными противовоспалительными препаратами (БПВП) с учетом особенностей течения заболевания. Материал и методы. В наблюдение было включено 30 больных с достоверным диагнозом РА и высокой активностью болезни по DAS 28 и неэффективностью предшествующей терапии стандартными БПВП. К моменту начала наблюдения продолжали принимать БПВП 20 (66,7%) пациентов. В соответствии с терапией пациенты были разделены на три группы: только подкожные инъекции адалимумаба по- лучали 10 (33,3%) больных, адалимумаб+метотрексат (МТ) - 12 (40%) и адалимумаб+лефлуномид - 8 (26,7%). Группы пациентов бы- ли сопоставимы по возрасту, длительности, активности РА (по DAS 28), его рентгенологической стадии и серопозитивности. Пероральные глюкокортикоиды (ГК) получали 9 (37,5%) больных, нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) - 25 (83,3%). Терапию биологическими агентами в прошлом назначали 2 (8,3%) пациентам. Адалимумаб вводили подкожно каждые 2 нед в течение 24 нед. Для оценки эффективности лечения использовали количественные параметры суставного синдрома, биохимические, клинические анализы крови и мочи. Эффект терапии оценивали по критериям ACR и EULAR (DAS 28). Оценку эффективности проводили через 12 и 24 нед терапии. Результаты. Клинико-лабораторный эффект адалимумаба отмечен у 29 (96,7%) из 30 больных. Все оцениваемые параметры сус- тавного синдрома достоверно (p<0,001) уменьшались к 12-й неделе и еще в большей степени - к 24-й неделе терапии. Оценка эф- фективности лечения адалимумабом по критериям ACR показала, что через 12 нед терапии уменьшение параметров на 20% от- мечалось у 87% больных, на 50% - у 16,7%; через 24 нед ответ на терапию зарегистрирован у 96,7% больных (ACR 20), 70% (ACR 50) и 23,3% (ACR 70). При оценке динамики индекса активности болезни (DAS 28) выявлено, что адалимумаб достоверно снижал активность заболева- ния. Эффективность терапии проявлялась также в снижении потребности в НПВП и ГК. Положительная динамика клинико-ла- бораторных показателей на фоне комбинированной терапии адалимумабом+МТ была достоверно выше, чем при монотерапии ада- лимумабом или использовании комбинации адалимумаб + лефлуномид. Заключение. Адалимумаб - эффективный болезнь-модифицирующий биологический препарат. К его преимуществам можно отне- сти быстрое развитие (в среднем на 4-5-й день) и длительное сохранение (6 мес и более) эффекта, хороший профиль безопасности (побочные явления возникли лишь у 16,7 больных), удобство введения

Disease Evolution and Response to Rapamycin in Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies-Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Syndrome Registry

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) δ Syndrome (APDS), caused by autosomal dominant mutations in PIK3CD (APDS1) or PIK3R1 (APDS2), is a heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency. While initial cohort-descriptions summarized the spectrum of clinical and immunological manifestations, questions about long-term disease evolution and response to therapy remain. The prospective European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID)-APDS registry aims to characterize the disease course, identify outcome predictors, and evaluate treatment responses. So far, 77 patients have been recruited (51 APDS1, 26 APDS2). Analysis of disease evolution in the first 68 patients pinpoints the early occurrence of recurrent respiratory infections followed by chronic lymphoproliferation, gastrointestinal manifestations, and cytopenias. Although most manifestations occur by age 15, adult-onset and asymptomatic courses were documented. Bronchiectasis was observed in 24/40 APDS1 patients who received a CT-scan compared with 4/15 APDS2 patients. By age 20, half of the patients had received at least one immunosuppressant, but 2–3 lines of immunosuppressive therapy were not unusual before age 10. Response to rapamycin was rated by physician visual analog scale as good in 10, moderate in 9, and poor in 7. Lymphoproliferation showed the best response (8 complete, 11 partial, 6 no remission), while bowel inflammation (3 complete, 3 partial, 9 no remission) and cytopenia (3 complete, 2 partial, 9 no remission) responded less well. Hence, non-lymphoproliferative manifestations should be a key target for novel therapies. This report from the ESID-APDS registry provides comprehensive baseline documentation for a growing cohort that will be followed prospectively to establish prognostic factors and identify patients for treatment studies

Care of patients with inborn errors of immunity in thirty J Project countries between 2004 and 2021

IntroductionThe J Project (JP) physician education and clinical research collaboration program was started in 2004 and includes by now 32 countries mostly in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE). Until the end of 2021, 344 inborn errors of immunity (IEI)-focused meetings were organized by the JP to raise awareness and facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with IEI.ResultsIn this study, meeting profiles and major diagnostic and treatment parameters were studied. JP center leaders reported patients’ data from 30 countries representing a total population of 506 567 565. Two countries reported patients from JP centers (Konya, Turkey and Cairo University, Egypt). Diagnostic criteria were based on the 2020 update of classification by the IUIS Expert Committee on IEI. The number of JP meetings increased from 6 per year in 2004 and 2005 to 44 and 63 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The cumulative number of meetings per country varied from 1 to 59 in various countries reflecting partly but not entirely the population of the respective countries. Altogether, 24,879 patients were reported giving an average prevalence of 4.9. Most of the patients had predominantly antibody deficiency (46,32%) followed by patients with combined immunodeficiencies (14.3%). The percentages of patients with bone marrow failure and phenocopies of IEI were less than 1 each. The number of patients was remarkably higher that those reported to the ESID Registry in 13 countries. Immunoglobulin (IgG) substitution was provided to 7,572 patients (5,693 intravenously) and 1,480 patients received hematopoietic stem cell therapy (HSCT). Searching for basic diagnostic parameters revealed the availability of immunochemistry and flow cytometry in 27 and 28 countries, respectively, and targeted gene sequencing and new generation sequencing was available in 21 and 18 countries. The number of IEI centers and experts in the field were 260 and 690, respectively. We found high correlation between the number of IEI centers and patients treated with intravenous IgG (IVIG) (correlation coefficient, cc, 0,916) and with those who were treated with HSCT (cc, 0,905). Similar correlation was found when the number of experts was compared with those treated with HSCT. However, the number of patients treated with subcutaneous Ig (SCIG) only slightly correlated with the number of experts (cc, 0,489) and no correlation was found between the number of centers and patients on SCIG (cc, 0,174).Conclusions1) this is the first study describing major diagnostic and treatment parameters of IEI care in countries of the JP; 2) the data suggest that the JP had tremendous impact on the development of IEI care in ECE; 3) our data help to define major future targets of JP activity in various countries; 4) we suggest that the number of IEI centers and IEI experts closely correlate to the most important treatment parameters; 5) we propose that specialist education among medical professionals plays pivotal role in increasing levels of diagnostics and adequate care of this vulnerable and still highly neglected patient population; 6) this study also provides the basis for further analysis of more specific aspects of IEI care including genetic diagnostics, disease specific prevalence, newborn screening and professional collaboration in JP countries

On the Problem of Specialized Foreign Language Textbook for Future Teachers

Higher education is constantly in search of ways to respond to the requirements of modern society for preparing a qualified specialist. Competence-based approach marked the transition from a theorized to a practical content of teacher training at university, aiming to educate a specialist who possesses the necessary strategies to perform well at a workplace. Pedagogical education strives to meet the necessary requirements, develops new programs, makes changes in the educational process, controls the learning outcomes of students. The undergraduate stage is designed to train a future teacher who both knows the subject itself and the theory of teaching a foreign language. There has recently been a tendency to use an integrated approach that combines subject and didactic components. Students who enroll in the French language program usually have not studied it before, which inadvertently creates a certain overbalance of language learning, especially since methodological disciplines are introduced into the program only in the third year. There is an urgent need to strengthen their methodological training, starting from the first year of study. Such an approach can be accommodated through designing a special educational product and incorporating it into the main foreign language textbook through didactic comments on the studied language material which will contribute to the development of methodological competence. The basis of methodological awareness, formed during the initial stage of studying at university, will significantly contribute to the effectiveness of pedagogical practice and future teaching strategies

Microfossils detected in a block of ancient dense clay coated with a ferromanganese crust, Clarion-Clipperton Province, East Equatorial Pacific

The area in study is characterized by a regional stratigraphic hiatus from Early Miocene to Quaternary. Deposits from Late Eocene to Early Miocene occur on the bottom surface or under a thin sedimentary cover. Ferromanganese nodules, mostly of Oligocene age, formed on surface layers of Tertiary or Quaternary sediments. A detailed micropaleontological study of a block of dense ancient clay coated with a ferromanganese crust was carried out. Composition of found radiolarian and diatomaceous complexes proved that the crust formed in Quaternary on an eroded surface of Late Oligocene clay. In Quaternary Neogene sediments were eroded and washed away by bottom currents. It is likely that the erosion began 0.9-0.7 Ma at the beginning of the "Glacial Pleistocene". The erosion could be initiated by loosening and resuspension of surface sediments resulting from seismic activity generated by strong earthquakes in the Central America subduction zone. The same vibration maintained residual nodules at the seafloor surface. Thus, for the area in study a common reason and a common Quaternary interval for formation of the following features is supposed: a regional stratigraphic hiatus, formation of residual nodule fields, and position of ancient nodules on the surface of Quaternary sediments

A short tandem repeat-enriched RNA assembles a nuclear compartment to control alternative splicing and promote cell survival

Functions of many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) depend on their ability to interact with multiple copies of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we devised a workflow combining bioinformatics and experimental validation steps to systematically identify RNAs capable of multivalent RBP recruitment. This uncovered a number of previously unknown transcripts encoding high-density RBP recognition arrays within genetically normal short tandem repeats. We show that a top-scoring hit in this screen, lncRNA PNCTR, contains hundreds of pyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1)-specific motifs allowing it to sequester a substantial fraction of PTBP1 in a nuclear body called perinucleolar compartment. Importantly, PNCTR is markedly overexpressed in a variety of cancer cells and its downregulation is sufficient to induce programmed cell death at least in part by stimulating PTBP1 splicing regulation activity. This work expands our understanding of the repeat-containing fraction of the human genome and illuminates a novel mechanism driving malignant transformation of cancer cells.NMRC (Natl Medical Research Council, S’pore)Published versio