Racial Ethnic Equality in Child Well-Being from 1985-2004: Gaps Narrowing, but Persist

Analyzes changes in safety/behavioral concerns, family economic well-being, health, community connectedness, educational attainment, social relationships, and emotional/spiritual well-being by race and ethnicity. Tracks disparities between groups

Children in Immigrant Families - The U.S. and 50 States: Economic Need Beyond the Official Poverty Measure

Analyzes gaps between child poverty rates in immigrant families and native-born families based on two alternative measures that take into account the costs of housing, food, other basic necessities, transportation, taxes, child care, and early education

Children in Immigrant Families -- The U.S. and 50 States: National Origins, Language, and Early Education

Draws on new results of U.S. Census 2000 data to focus on children in immigrant families, highlighting the proportion, dispersion, national origins, language, and early education of children in newcomer families nationwide and in various states

The development and validation of a scoring tool to predict the operative duration of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: The ability to accurately predict operative duration has the potential to optimise theatre efficiency and utilisation, thus reducing costs and increasing staff and patient satisfaction. With laparoscopic cholecystectomy being one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide, a tool to predict operative duration could be extremely beneficial to healthcare organisations. Methods: Data collected from the CholeS study on patients undergoing cholecystectomy in UK and Irish hospitals between 04/2014 and 05/2014 were used to study operative duration. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was produced in order to identify significant independent predictors of long (> 90 min) operations. The resulting model was converted to a risk score, which was subsequently validated on second cohort of patients using ROC curves. Results: After exclusions, data were available for 7227 patients in the derivation (CholeS) cohort. The median operative duration was 60 min (interquartile range 45–85), with 17.7% of operations lasting longer than 90 min. Ten factors were found to be significant independent predictors of operative durations > 90 min, including ASA, age, previous surgical admissions, BMI, gallbladder wall thickness and CBD diameter. A risk score was then produced from these factors, and applied to a cohort of 2405 patients from a tertiary centre for external validation. This returned an area under the ROC curve of 0.708 (SE = 0.013, p  90 min increasing more than eightfold from 5.1 to 41.8% in the extremes of the score. Conclusion: The scoring tool produced in this study was found to be significantly predictive of long operative durations on validation in an external cohort. As such, the tool may have the potential to enable organisations to better organise theatre lists and deliver greater efficiencies in care