Aktivitas Beberapa Enzim Serum pada Kambing Ettawa

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aktivitas enzim alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dan creatinine kinase (CK) pada kambing peranakan Ettawa. Sebanyak 43 ekor kambing peranakan Ettawa dari berbagai kelompok status fisiologis (jantan muda, betina muda, jantan dewasa, betina dewasa, betina bunting, dan betina laktasi) yang secara klinis sehat dan tidak cacat digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pemeriksaan klinis dan pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan sesuai dengan skedul pemeriksaan dan pengambilan sampel sesuai dengan standard klinik yang diuraikan Baumgartner (1999). Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan pada jam 7.00-8.00 wib. Pemeriksaan enzim di dalam serum diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode standar sebagaimana diuraikan oleh Kraft dan Duer (1999). Aktivitas AST, ALT, ALP di dalam serum memiliki level yang sebanding dengan level pada ruminansia lain. Sementara itu, aktivitas CK lebih tinggi dibanding nilai yang dinyatakan di dalam literatur untuk ruminansia kecil lainnya

Kinerja Pertumbuhan Rumput Gajah dan Rumput Benggala pada Sistem Silvopastoral di Jambula Ternate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja pertumbuhan rumput konvensional berupa rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) dan rumput Benggala (Panicum maximum) yang ditanam pada sistem silvopastoral. Sistem silvopastoral menggunakan tiga jenis naungan yaitu naungan pohon pala (N1), naungan pohon cengkeh (N2), naungan pohon kelapa (N3) dan tanpa naungan (N0) sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Kelurahan Jambula Kecamatan Pulau Ternate. Analisis statistik RCBD faktorial menunjukkan bahwa interaksi jenis naungan dan jenis rumput tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 40 dan 80 hari. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman tertinggi pada umur 40 hari terdapat pada perlakuan di bawah naungan pohon kelapa (N3) 1,36 m. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman tertinggi pada umur 80 hari terdapat pada perlakuan di bawah naungan pohon pala (N1) yaitu 2,16 m. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh interaksi jenis naungan dan jenis rumput tidak memberikan respon yang berbeda nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman rumput Gajah dan rumput Benggala umur 40 hari dan 80 hari

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Brachiaria Grass from Immature Inflorescence Explants

This research was aimed to optimize concentration of phytohormone in callus induction and in vitro regeneration of three species of Brachiaria grass plant, namely Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, and B. ruziziensis. Immature inflorescences were used as explant material. To induce callus, explants were inoculated into Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with phytohormone combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), dicamba and kinetin. Observation of callus induction included percentage of callus formation and callus morphology. The embryogenic calli were then transferred into regeneration media, i.e. MS basal medium supplemented with kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP). The result showed that 4 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction in B. brizantha and B. decumbens, namely  76%  and 88% respectively. Whereas in B. ruziziensis, 3 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.2 mg/L kinetin showed highest callus induction, namely 86%. MS medium supplemented with 4 mg/L kinetin showed highest regeneration in all three grass species, namely 92.5% in both B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis, and 88.75% in B. decumbens

Explorasi dan Studi Komposisi Botani Gulma di Perkebunan Karet PTPN IX Kebun Getas sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia

Abstract  Weed is one of the plants that grow around rubber plantations that have the potential to provide forage for ruminant feed. This study aimed to explore the environmental conditions and identify the botanical composition of weeds under the shade of rubber trees in immature plants (IP) at PTPN IX, Getas Farm, Semarang, Central Java. Exploratory research was conducted to identify the botanical composition of weeds in three IP groups, such as 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6 years old. The composition of the weeds’ botany was divided based on the plants’ morphology into grass, legume, forbs, and browse. The environmental conditions data were analyzed using the ANOVA method and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The botanical composition data were tabulated using a summed dominance ratio (SDR). The results showed the light intensity, wind speed, environment temperature, and weed botanical composition decreased as the rubber plants ages. The composition of rubber plantation weeds on IP 1-2 years old consisted of 32 species (5 kinds of grass, 4 legumes, 21 forbs, and 2 browse). The composition of weeds on IP 3-4 years old consisted of 15 species (8 kinds of grass, 2 legumes, and 5 forbs), while IP 5-6 years old consisted of 6 species (4 kinds of grass, 1 legume, and 1 forb). The dominant weeds of each IP were Calopogonium mucunoides, Cyrtococcum acrescens, and Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum, respectively. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that the area of IP 1-2 years old rubber plantation weeds has the highest botanical composition and potential as ruminant feed.  Keywords: Environmental conditions; Immature plants; Rubber plantation; Weed   Abstrak  Gulma merupakan salah satu tanaman yang tumbuh di sekitar tanaman perkebunan karet yang berpotensi sebagai penyedia hijauan pakan ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kondisi lingkunganpertumbuhan gulma dan mengidentifikasi komposisi botani di bawah naungan pohon karet pada tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM), di PTPN IX, Kebun Getas. Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan identifikasi komposisi botani gulma pada 3 kelompok TBM yaitu umur 1-2; 3-4; dan 5-6 tahun. Komposisi botani gulma dibagi berdasarkan morfologi tanaman yaitu rumput, legum, forb, dan browse. Data kondisi lingkungan kelompok TBM dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncant’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Data dominasi komposisi botani ditabulasi menggunakan summed dominance ratio (SDR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan intensitas cahaya, kecepatan angin, suhu lingkungan, dan komposisi botani gulma menurun seiring bertambahnya umur tanaman karet. Komposisi gulma perkebunan karet pada TBM 1-2 terdapat 32 spesies meliputi 5 rumput, 4 legum, 21 forb, dan 2 browse; TBM 3-4 terdapat 15 spesies meliputi 8 rumput, 2 legum, dan 5 forb, sedangkan TBM 5-6 terdapat 6 spesies meliputi 4 rumput, 1 legum, dan 1 forb. Gulma yang mendominasi masing-masing TBM yaitu Calopogonium mucunoides, Cyrtococcum acrescens dan Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan gulma perkebunan karet lahan TBM 1–2 memiliki komposisi botani dan potensi tertinggi sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia.  Kata kunci: Gulma; Kondisi lingkungan; Perkebunan Karet; TB

Productivity of Forages in Grassland Merapi Post-Eruption Area, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This research aimed to investigate the productivity and quality of forages (including dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, crude protein, and extract ether) in the area of Kali Kuning and Krasak River. This area was affected by Mount Merapi Eruption on 2010. The data were taken from the area around the river due to the area was found to be firstly revegetated after the eruption. The Forage classified as grass, legume and forbs. The method applied in the research was Line Intercept method which was done by seeing the botanical composition there and was performed at several observation points. The forage was taken as the sample and then calculated its production and proximately analyzed to determine its chemical composition. The results showed that around the river, the widest cover area in 2013 and 2014 was Brachiariabrizantha grasses. The largest dry matter production in 2013 was Pennisetumpurpuphoides as much as 165.57 g m–2, while in 2014 the largest production of DM was Brachiariabrizantha as much as 190.37 g m–2. Frobs with another type of weed also spread in this area. The Quality of forages around Krasak River increased in 2014 due to the addition of organic matter contained in the soil and the minerals weathering from year to year

Physicochemical Characteristics Identification and Secondary Metabolite Analysis of Solid Herbal Waste as Source of Feed Rich Fiber and Supplement for Ruminants

A study was conducted to determine the potency, physicochemical characteristics, and analyzed the secondary metabolites content of solid herbal waste (SWH) as a substitute source of feed rich fibre and feed supplements in ruminants. The first study includes an analysis of production potential, physical analysis, and chemical composition analysis of SWH. The second study was an analysis of secondary metabolites content of SWH. The results showed that SWH volume reached 6-8 m3/day or 4020-5360 kg/day, the chemical composition of herbal solid waste was similar to king grass with high lignin content (17.53%). SWH containing total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins , alkaloids and essential oils which generally have antimicrobial activity. According to the potential availability, chemical composition and secondary metabolites content of SWH, it can be used as an alternative for substitute of feed rich fiber or feed supplements with attention to the content of secondary metabolites that can affect the process of fermentation and digestibility in the rumen. Further in vitro and in vivo research ore needed to determine the effect of SWH on rumen fermentation parameters and its application in the ration in ruminant livestock

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Synedrella nodiflora (Tropical Weed)

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cultivation of tropical weed Synedrella nodiflora as forage. The study was conducted from May to July 2018. The treatments of the research were control (C), organic fertilizer (D) and organic fertilizer + urea (DU), with 3 replications that were arranged on experimental design with a completely randomized design, in a unidirectional pattern and continued with least significant different (LSD). Organic fertilizer dosage in this study was 5 tons/ha, while urea fertilizer was 350 kg/ha, with plant spacing was 45x60 cm. The observed parameters were plant height, forage production and chemical composition (5 weeks after planting). Plant height of C, D and DU were 41.59, 47,42, and 50.59 cm respectively. Forage production of dry matter after 5 weeks planting at C, D and DU were 1.69, 1.70 and 2.91ton/ha, with in vitro digestibility values ranging from 51.68 to 57.70% (IVDMD) and 51.71 to 61.98% (OMD) respectively. The chemical composition of native S. Nodiflora were 12.32% of dry matter (DM), 62.45% TDN count for cattle and 67.42% TDN count for sheep. Based on DM, The organic matter was 84.46%, crude protein 20,11%, crude fiber 13.26%, extract ether 7.77%, and nitrogen free extract 37.08%. The combination of organic fertilizer and urea increased the height and fresh and dry matter production S. nodiflora

The Effect of Harvest Age on Different Regrowth on Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Forage Yield by Intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott

This research was carried out to examine the chicory forage yields on different regrowth which were intercropped with Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott (dwarf elephant grass) on different regrowth due to various harvest age. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture, Faculty of Animal Science UGM for 7 months, with a split-plot design and analyzed by Duncan with a total of 9 plots and an area of 2.5x2.5 m2 for each plot. The main plot was the harvest age treatment (30, 45, and 60 days) and the subplot was the regrowth (first and second). In the first stage, as many as 9 cuttings of dwarf elephant grass in one plot were planted with a spacing of 1x1 m2 until the plant height reaches 10 to 15 cm, then the chicory seeds were spread among the dwarf elephant grass plants with the sand mixture. The results showed the harvest age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on chicory's plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter content, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The 30 to 45 days harvest age performed a higher fresh production more than the 45 days to 60 days harvest age. The 60 days harvest age and second regrowth yielded the highest mixed fresh production compared to the other harvest ages, namely from 12.50 ton/ha to 25.26 ton/ha. Based on the research results showed that the older the harvest age (60 days) increased the biomass of plant production but decreased the plant digestibility. The second regrowth was able to produce higher than the first regrowth, but there was no significant effect on the dry matter content and forage digestibility.

KUALITAS KIMIA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TANAMAN ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) DENGAN LAMA PENYINARAN DAN DOSIS DOLOMIT YANG BERBEDA PADA TANAH REGOSOL

This study aimed to analyze the quality of chemical and chlorophyll content of alfalfa plants with lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite on the regosol soil. The experiment was conducted implemented in Greenhouse Laboratory Forage and Pasture Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Gadjah Mada, from May to September 2015. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial design with two factors treatments and four replications. The first factor is the dose of dolomite (D) with 3 treatment (D0 = without dolomite, D1 = dolomite 6 t/hectare or 90 g/polybag and D2= dolomite 12 t/hectare or 180 g/polybag). The second factor is the length of irradiation (C) with 3 treatments (C0 = irradiating 12 hours, C1 = irradiating 14 hours and C2 = irradiating 16 hours). Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and significant results continued with Duncan test at 5% level.Parameters measured were the proximate analysis (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash) and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The results showed that there was no significant interaction effect between lenght of irradiation and dose of dolomite treatment to the dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. The treatment lenght of irradiation are significant (P<0,05) of the organic matter content and ash content of alfalfa. Dose of dolomite treatment was not significant on all parameters of the study. The results showed that the treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite not significant on the production of plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and content alfalfa chlorophyll. No interaction between treatment and dosage of radiation are dolomite which significantly affect production plant fresh weight, dry weight of plants, dry matter content, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash and alfalfa chlorophyll content. (Keywords: Alfalfa, lenght of irradiation, dolomite,  regosol soil