Isolasi dan karakterisasi fraksi kloroform (CHC13) dalam paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, Gray)

Daun paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, Gray) memiliki banyak manfaat, antara lain sebagai tanaman obat dan pestisida. Telah diisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari dawn paitan (Tithonia diversifolia, Gray) dengan metode Kromatografi .Kolom Vakum menggunakan pelarut kloroform. Kristal hasil isolasi memberikan noda tunggal pada berbagai pelarut dan memberikan hasil positif terhadap uji steroid serta mempunyai titik leleh 148 — 149 °C. Analisis spektroskopi dilakukan dengan spektrometri IR dan GC-MS. Dengan analisa MS memberikan puncak-puncak fragnientasi pada mie = 412; 394; 369; 351; 300; 271; 255; 213; 199; 173; 159; 133; 119; 81; 69 dan "base peak"nya 55, Spektrum infra merah memberikan informasi bahwa kristal basil isolasi sedikitnya mengandung gugus OH, C-0, C-H dan Berdasarkan data spektroskopi dan pendekatan kemotaksonomi diusulkan bahwa kristal basil isolasi merupakan senyawa golongan steroid yaitu senyawa stigmasterol yang biasa terdapat dalam tumbuhan tingkat tinggi. Tithonia diversifolia, Gray can be used as medical plant and pesticides. Bioactive compound from Tithonia diversifolia, Gray had been isolated use vacuum column chromatography method by chloroform as the solvent. Isolated crystal melt at 148 — 149 °C and give one spot by TLC. It shows positive test for steroid compound. In analyze with MS gives fragmentation at mile 412, 394, 369, 351, 300, 271, 255, 213, 199, 173, 159, 133, 119, 105, 81, 69 and 55 as the base peak. The crystal contains OH, C-H, C-0, and C=C groups, it was shown by Infra Red spectrum. Based on Infra Red, MS and plant's chemotaxonomy study proposed that isolated crystal is stigmasterol compound

Hematology Profile and Liver Histopathology in Escherichia coli Infected Layers Treated with Combination of Phyllanthus ( Phyllanthus niruri L. ) and Turmeric ( Curcuma domestica )

Colibacillosis a disease that can cause considerable economic loss, remains an important health problem. Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus niruri L) and turmeric (Curcuma domestica) are herbs that can be used as immunomodulators. This study was aimed to determine the level of safety of the combination of phyllanthus and turmeric on hematology profile and liver histopathology of layers with colibacillosis. The layers were assigned to the following of 5 groups: a) colibacillosis group without treatment, b) colibacillosis group with 500 mg/kg BW of phyllanthus, c) colibacillosis group with 300 mg/kg BW of turmeric, d) colibacillosis group with phyllanthus and turmeric combination (1:1), e) colibacillosis group with combination of phyllanthus and turmeric (1:2) . After 21 days of treatment, blood and liver sample were collected. The hematological profile (hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts) and liver histology were examined. The result were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. The group that received phyllanthus had higher levels of hemoglobine, haematocrit and erythrocytes than the control group. However, no significant differences were found for the overall groups. Treatment with the combination of turmeric and phyllanthus for 21 days did not cause changes in the hematological profiles or liver histology, and therefor this herbal combination can be used as an alternative therapy for colibacillosis in layers

The Effect of Nanoparticles of Piper crocatum Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Liver Insulin Receptor Expression of Diabetic Rat’s Induced by Streptozotocin

Diabetes mellitus is a disease related to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance that can lead to the outcome of chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Red betel leaves are known as traditional plants that have anti-hyperglycemic potential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of red betel leaves nanoparticle (RbL-Nps) on the liver and hepatic insulin receptor’s (INSR) expression in diabetic rats. Thirty rats were included in this study and further divided into five groups containing six rats each. Group I (GI) comprised of the normal rats; while group II (GII), III (GIII), IV (GIV) and V (GV) comprised of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 45 mg/kg bw and nicotinamide (NA) at dose of 110 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally. Group I and II were treated with 0,5% Na-CMC orally.  Group III, IV and V were given the oral administration of RbL-Nps at the doses 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg bw diluted in 0,5% Na-CMC, respectively. All groups were treated once daily and subsequently euthanized after 28 days. Liver tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry method to see the INSR expression and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Result in this study revealed that INSR expression on the GI, GIII and GIV were significantly higher compared to that on the GII (p 0.05). Histologically, liver tissues retrieved from GII showed severe vacuolic and necrotic hepatocytes with dilatated sinusoid. Mild vacuolic and necrotic hepatocytes were observed from GV. There were no pathological changes observed in the liver tissues retrieved from GI, GII, and GIV. We concluded that RbL-Nps improved the liver condition of diabetic rats at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg bw, but not at doses of 90 mg/kg bw

Potensi Lestari Sumberdaya Ikan Demersal (Analisis Hasil Tangkapan Cantrang yang Didaratkan di TPI Wedung Demak)

ABSTRACT One of the problemsin the conservationof demersal fishin Demakisstilla lot ofhis arrestal legedly using cantrang with small mesh size that would negatively affect its sustainability. This study aims toassess of information abou tthe potential for sustainability through the analysis of the landed catchin TPIW edung and information about cantrang. Research using the survey method through observation about cantrang by interview ingof cantrang users then analyz edde scriptively. Sustainable potentialis calculated using the method of Schaeffer. Cantrang average mesh size of 1.5 inches. Schaeffer analysis results indicate that the sustainable potential of 854,07 tons with 831 units of fishing effort cantrang. Based onthe results of analysis show that thelevel of effort for the highgearis not accompanied by high production as well. Average utilization rate of 80.47%, which means the use of cantrang not support the preservation of demersal fish. In the management of demersal fisheries in Demak, government should regulate the size off is that can becaughtby limiting mesh sizeof fishing gear. In addition, to prevent the level ofutilization that caninter fere with the preservation ofthe stock necessary zoning arrangement and setting arrest quotas. Keywords : Cantrang, Catch, Sustainable Potentia

KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI PLAQUE BOVINE HERPES VIRUS – 1 ISOLAT INDONESIA

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis( IBR ) merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi, karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan respirasi, gangguan reproduksi dan infeksi laten. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh Bovine herpes virus -1. Efek sitopatik infeksi Bovine Herpes Virus 1 adalah adanya bentukan benda inklusi intranukleus dan adanya polikariositosis (Mohanty and Dutta, 1981). Untuk melakukan diagnosa in vitro sampel yang diambil dapat berupa serum, buffy coat (Bolin et al., 1991). Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam isolasi virus secara in vitro, antara lain :sampel dikoleksi dan ditransportasikan dalam kondisi yan baik, harus mempunyai sel yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan virus dan mempunyai anti sera yang spesifik terhadap IBR. Uji in vitro konvensional telah dilakukan untuk mendeteksi adanya virus CP-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) dengan cara virus dibiakkan dalam sel yang peka terhadap BVDV dengan melihat efek sitopatiknya (Dubovi, 1990). Efeksitopatik BVDV berupa vakuolisasi pada sitoplasma, degenerasi dan kematiansel (Fenner et al., 1993). Metode plaque assay dapat untuk memvisualisasi adanya sitopatik. Masing-masing virus mempunyai plaque yang karakteristik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk karakterisasi morfologi plaque bovine herpes virus -1 (BHV-1) isolat Indonesia sebagai dasar penanggulangan penyebab penyakit tersebut

Karakteristik morfologi plaque Bovine Herpes Virus-1 Isolat Indonesia

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis( IBR ) merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi, karena dapat menyebabkan gangguan respirasi, gangguan reproduksi dan infeksi laten. Penyakit tersebut disebabkan oleh Bovine herpes virus -1. Efek sitopatik infeksi Bovine Herpes Virus 1 adalah adanya bentukan benda inklusi intranukleus dan adanya polikariositosis (Mohanty and Dutta, 1981). Untuk melakukan diagnosa in vitro sampel yang diambil dapat berupa serum, buffy coat (Bolin et al., 1991). Ada beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam isolasi virus secara in vitro, antara lain :sampel dikoleksi dan ditransportasikan dalam kondisi yan baik, harus mempunyai sel yang cocok untuk pertumbuhan virus dan mempunyai anti sera yang spesifik terhadap IBR. Uji in vitro konvensional telah dilakukan untuk mendeteksi adanya virus CP-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) dengan cara virus dibiakkan dalam sel yang peka terhadap BVDV dengan melihat efek sitopatiknya (Dubovi, 1990). Efeksitopatik BVDV berupa vakuolisasi pada sitoplasma, degenerasi dan kematiansel (Fenner et al., 1993). Metode plaque assay dapat untuk memvisualisasi adanya sitopatik. Masing-masing virus mempunyai plaque yang karakteristik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk karakterisasi morfologi plaque bovine herpes virus -1 (BHV-1) isolat Indonesia sebagai dasar penanggulangan penyebab penyakit tersebut

Studi pathologis cytopathological effect bovine herpes virus 1 penyebab infectious bovine rhinotracheitis dari sapi pada telur ayam berembrio

The objective of this study was to investigate about cytopathological effect (CPE) of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 that caused the Bovine Rhinotracheitis Infections (IBR) from bovine in the corioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the embryoned chicken egg (ECE). Seven of swab nasal samples were taken from the bovine in the Breeding Farm of Padang Mengatas, West Sumatera. They were inoculated 0,5 ml in the corioallantoic membrane of the 10 old days embryoned chicken egg with thirth repetitively. Before that, the samples were given antibiotic and antifungi treatment to protect from secunder infection. The observing was conducted first day until thirth day after infection. It was done to observe the pathological changes in the corioallantoic membrane of embryoned chicken egg. The result showed that there was a cytopathological effect as pock lesion in CAM with variety size. The histopathologic changes appeared an asidofilic nuclear inclution body in the epithel of membrane. It showed that the virus could replicate in the nuclear of CAM. So, The conclusion of this study was a IBR virus has a cytopathological effect in CAM of ECE with a specific pock lesion. Key words : CAM, IBR, ECE, pock lesio

Bioecology of rust on Dendranthema grandiflora in Yogyakarta-Indonesia

Rust leaf disease is the main disease on chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) plantations in the district of Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. In 2006, the symptoms of leaf rust were initially found in chrysanthemum farms in village of Hargobinangun and surrounding areas. Since then it has been consistently spreading to other areas throughout Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Puccinia horiana is closely associated with rust leaf disease. This research was aimed to investigate the distribution, incidence, and severity of chrysanthemum rust disease in chrysanthemum plantations in Yogyakarta. The survey was conducted based on a randomized stratified approach. The entire district was divided into five observation sites, with each location consisting of three to four chrysanthemum farm sites owned by farmers. The results showed that rust leaf disease was distributed in all sites. The average of disease incidence found in the observation sites was 97.13%, meanwhile the average of disease severity was 55.19%. The highest disease incidence was found in Kaliurang 98.44%, followed by Wonokerso of 98.33%, Gondanglegi of 96.87%, Boyong of 96.25%, and Sidorejo of 95.83%. The highest disease severity was found in Wonokerso 58.75%, followed by Gondanglegi 56.92%, Kaliurang 53.39%, Sidorejo 54.89%, and Boyong 52.01%. The lower plant cultivation site, the lower incidence of rust disease