MORFOLOGI INFLEKSIONAL DAN DERIVASIONAL PADA BAHASA BALI STANDAR

Bahasa Bali tergolong ke dalam rumpun bahasa Austronesia yang berasal dari Bahasa Bali Kuna kemudian berkembang menjadi bahasa Bali (yang dalam artikel ini disebut Bahasa Bali Standar (BBS), dan merupakan bahasa ibu orang Bali. Artikel ini membahas tentang morfologi infleksional dan derivasional BBS.  Morfologi adalah bidang yang mempelajari pembentukan kata termasuk terciptanya kata-kata baru, dan terbentuknya kata bergantung pada bentuk dasar yang dilekati afiks.  Data untuk BBS diambil dari Kesusastraan Bali yang diterbitkan oleh Balai Penelitian Bahasa.  Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, dan teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah teori morfologi bracketing paradox yang dikembangkan oleh Leiber (2009), dan Plag (2002). Teori ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan bentuk sistematik pada pembentukan kata berdasarkan makna.  Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa infleksi dibedakan dari derivasi dalam hal produktivitas. Kaidah morfologi derivasional pada BBS adalah relatif produktif, dan sepenuhnya produktif. Sebaliknya kaidah infleksi hampir selalu sepenuhnya produktif.  Mofologi infleksional memiliki ciri-ciri: tidak pernah mengubah kategori kata, menambah arti gramatikal, penting dalam sintaksis, dan biasanya sepenuhnya produktif.  Sedangkan morfologi derivasional ciri-cirinya adalah dapat mengubah kategori, biasanya menambah makna leksikal, membentuk leksem baru, tidak produktif sampai produktif sepenuhnya, afiks derivasional bisa terjadi dalam bentuk infleksi

BACKGROUND OF MARRIAGE AND HARMONY BETWEEN THE BALINESE AND THE CHINESE WITHIN THE DESA PAKRAMAN IN BALI

Chinese and Balinese are two different ethnicities.they also have marriage preferences,because they belog to different social grouping. Althought they have their own social groups, srossed-marriages, i.e. Chinese and balinesa have taken place in Bali. There are many Chinese people become the members of desa pakraman which is as sign ( or features of identity ) on the Balinese people. It can be assumed that integrated relation of both ethnic groups are based on ethnic stereotypes, i.e. subjective overview about ethnicity. This article will discuss the stereotypes of both ethnic groups with regard to the context of crossed-marriage and the togethernees of both of the two different ethics in the desa pakraman IN Bali. The results of the analyses indicate that ethnic stereotypes to crossed-marriage and togetherness of Balinese and Chinese Desa Pakraman include subjective overview indicating same signs ( features ) that each ethnic group has. Those features are physic ( beautiful, hand some ), economic aspect, attitude, and social behavior. In choosing a future husband or wife, either physical orientations are not the same, values of other aspects ( economy, religion, and attitude ) are used as other consideration so that crossed-marriage of two different ethnics were taken place. It is have certain reasons to note that especially in the togetherness as part of traditions that were inherited from their ancestors. They thought that although they belong to different ethnicities, they still feel that they belong to a ‘family’. Apart from that, the Balinese, on one hand, exploit the desa pakraman Key words: Cross-ethnic marriage, desa pakraman, and living together

SEMANTIC CHANGES IN TRANSLATION OF EUPHEMISM AND DYSPHEMISM IN TEMPO MAGAZINE

This research aims at identifying the semantic changes in the translation of euphemism and dysphemism of news text of Tempo Magazine. This research used a descriptive qualitative method and took the data from bilingual Tempo Magazine edition 2019 with Indonesian in a source language and its translation into English. The result shows that 6 types of semantic change occur in the translation of euphemism and dysphemism of Tempo Magazines such as semantic broadening, semantic narrowing, semantic metaphor, semantic pejoration, semantic amelioration, and semantic metonymy. When euphemism or dysphemism are translated into the same categories, they undergo semantic broadening, narrowing, metonymy or metaphor. While semantic change pejorations occur when euphemism is translated into dysphemism and semantic change ameliorations occur when dysphemism is translated into euphemism. Even though there are changing of the meaning from the earlier one to the new one in the translation of euphemism and dysphemism, the sense relation still tied the words up so they still have a relation between the

CHILD COMPREHENSION OF ADULTS’ VERBAL INPUT: A CASE OF BILINGUAL ACQUISITION IN INFANCY

Research concerning comprehension in early simultaneous bilingualism is still very limited. Thus, this study focuses on describing a bilingual infant’s comprehension of adults’ verbal input addressed to the child in an Indonesian-German language environment, and the child’s understanding of translation equivalents (TEs). The child, who was exposed to Indonesian and German simultaneously from birth, was observed from age 0;9 to age 1;3 using a diary supplemented with weekly video recordings. A “one parent-one language” system was applied in which the child received Indonesian language from the mother and German language from the father from birth. Since the family live in Indonesia and have regular contact to the collective family members, the child received dominant exposure in Indonesian compared to German. The data was transcribed and analysed using ELAN. The results show that the adults’ verbal inputs in the form of speech addressed to the child were in the form of short utterances which very often had a high-pitched sound and were rich in repetition. The adults’ speech was able to be discriminated by the child. In the pre-production stage, the child could understand approximately 6 (six) proper nouns, 18 (eighteen) Indonesian words and 14 (fourteen) German words. The result reveals that the child could comprehend more words in Indonesian than in German. It was also found that the child could understand some bilingual synonyms, which implies that at the pre-production stage, the child already went through a process of bilingual development

Language Disorders Suffered by Cerebral Palsy Character in “Margarita, with a Straw” Movie

This research entitled “Language Disorders Suffered by Cerebral Palsy Character in Margarita, with a Straw Movie” was conducted to analyze language disorders in Cerebral Palsy. Seeing language and communication is crucial therefore this research is proposed to identify types of language disorders and their impacts on communication quality. The data of this were the utterances of a Cerebral Palsy character named Laila. This research used the language knowledge theory proposed by Carroll for examining language disorder types and the Communication Function Classification System by Hidecker et al for analyzing the effect of language disorders on communication quality. The data were analyzed by using the observation method and techniques of check, re-check, and cross-check where all data findings were observed, noted, and check properly then presented through words. From the analysis, Laila experienced; 66% phonological disorders where she stuttered and misarticulated words; 20% syntactic disorders where she forgot to use the auxiliary verb to be; 8% semantics disorders in which she uttered an idea that was not in accordance with the topic of discussion; and 6% pragmatics disorders whereas she gave irrelevantly and informatively answers. Her communication quality is level 4 where the phonological disorders greatly affect communication because people were difficult to understand her speech. Thus, the communication did not run effectively and efficiently. Keywords: Language Disorder, Cerebral Palsy, Communicatio

Positive Politeness Strategies in "The Karate Kid" Movie

This research entitled “Positive Politeness Strategies in The Karate Kid Movie” aims at identifying the types of positive politeness strategies used in The Karate Kid movie and analyzing the response occurred to the realization of positive politeness strategies in The Karate Kid movie. The data of this research were taken from the transcript of the conversation in the movie. The data were in the form of words, phrases, and sentences of the characters. The method and technique to collect the data was documentation and supported by note-taking technique. The method and technique of analyzing the data was qualitative method and supported by triangulation technique. The method and technique of presenting analysis was informal method and supported by descriptive technique. The theory of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) was used to analyze the types of positive politeness strategies and Levinson’s (1983) theory was used to analyze the types of response occurred to the realization of positive politeness strategies. The results found there were 9 types of positive politeness strategies which used by the characters in The Karate Kid movie namely, strategy 1 Notice, attend to H (his/her interests, wants, needs, goods), strategy 2 Exaggerate (interest, approval, sympathy with H), strategy 4 Use in group identity markers, strategy 5 Seek agreement, strategy 9 Asserting/presupposing S’s knowledge of and concern for H’s wants, strategy 10 Offer, promise, strategy 11 Be optimistic, strategy 12 Include both S and H in the activity, and strategy 13 Give (or ask for) reasons. Regarding to the response occurred to the realization of positive politeness strategies both preferred response and dispreferred response were used by the characters to the realization of positive politeness strategies in The Karate Kid movie. Keywords: Positive Politeness Strategies, Politeness Strategies, The Karate Ki

Gender Representation in English Textbook Used by Senior High School

This article would like to investigate the gender representation in the English textbook entitled “Bahasa Inggris Stop Bullying Now” used in XI Grade of Senior High School published by the Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia revised edition 2017. It is used quantitative and qualitative method by using content analysis technique. The results will be focused on the analysis of six aspects which suggested by Logsdon. They were: 1) the number of female/male pictorial representation or illustration, 2) number of female/male characters, 3) male and female mentioned, 4) female/male roles models, 5) female/male roles activities, and 6) pattern of mentioning female/male names. The findings showed that gender bias really exists in the textbook. Males are more visible in all aspects including pictures, characters, mentioned, gender role models, female/male activity, and pattern of mentioning male/female. Besides, the use of language by male and female characters such as verbosity, the use of intensifiers, and the use of questions are identified.

Industrialisasi Seni Kriya Di Desa Mas, Gianyar

Seni kriya merupakan salah satu seni kerajinan. Desa Mas di Kabupaten Gianyar Bali penduduknya memiliki nilai seni yang tinggi untuk berkreasi dalam seni kriya sehingga produk-produknya diminati oleh wisatawan. Artikel ini bertujuan mencermati perkembangan seni kriya di Desa Mas yang sebelumnya dikerjakan dengan tangan (handmade) namun sekarang pengerjaannya dilakukan dengan bantuan mesin karena permintaan yang terus meningkat dan bisa dikatakan bahwa seni kriya sudah diproduksi secara massal sehingga sudah terjadi industrialisasi terhadap seni kriya;  mendeskripsikan industrialisasi yang terjadi pada seni kriya serta mencermati gagasan-gagasan baru terkait dengan pemertahanan identitas kebudayaan Bali melalui produk seni kriya yang mengalami proses industrialisasi dan memiliki daya saing tinggi di pasar pariwisata.  Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif yang mencakup teknik pengamatan terlibat dan wawancara mendalam serta analisis data secara deskriptif, holistik, dan interpretatif. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pemahaman mendalam tentang seni kriya yang mengalami dinamika dari aslinya sebagai akibat dari industrialisasi di tengah perkembangan pariwisata yang semakin pesat

Perubahan Makna Adjektiva Berimbuhan Sufiks: Kajian Morfosemantiks

Proses pembentukan kata yang memengaruhi Perubahan makna yaitu saat afiks melekat pada kata dasar. Dalam bahasa Inggris, afiks yang memiliki pengaruh besar dalam Perubahan kategori dan juga makna kata adalah sufiks yang melekat pada akhir kata dasar. Perubahan kategori dan makna kata terjadi karena sufiks memiliki makna sendiri dan saat melekat pada kata dasar mengalami Perubahan makna. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini difokuskan pada Perubahan makna adjektiva yang dibentuk dari sufiks yang melekat pada kata dasar yang berbeda namun tetap membentuk adjektiva. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi karena data diperoleh dari novel. Selanjutnya, metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan atau menguraikan berbagai data yang dianalisis berdasarkan teori morfosemantiks. Analisis penelitian ini lebih rinci menguraikan Perubahan makna yang terjadi pada proses makna leksikal dan makna gramatikal adjektiva dalam tataran kalimat. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan delapan adjektiva yang mengalami Perubahan makna kata karena dibentuk dari sufiks yang melekat pada kata dasar yang berbeda dari yang telah dikategorikan oleh Bauer (1983) dan Plag (2002). Meskipun demikian, sufiks pembentuk adjektiva yang melekat pada kata dasar yang berbeda dari kategori Bauer dan Plag tetap membentuk adjektiva dan mengalami Perubahan makna kata