Speech Level Shift in the Domain of the Elderly Care in Japan by the Indonesian Caregivers

This study aimed at identifying the phenomenon of speech level shift in the domain of the elderly¬ care in Japan and finding out the rationale of the shift. Speech level in Japanese language is defined as the formality and politeness level in an interaction, which in lingustics is related to the use of formal or non-formal forms at the end of an utterance and is usually said as honorific expressions. Speech level shift is a shift from one speech level to another. The subjects of this study were 68 Indonesian caregivers who worked in the nursing homes in Japan. The data were collected in three areas, namely Osaka, Yokohama and Toyohashi. They were collected by recording the speech events between the caregivers and the elderly. The findings of this study indicated that speech level shifts took place in the interaction between the caregivers and the elderly. There were two types of speech level shifts used by the caregivers, namely plus level shift and minus level shift. They took place in the contexts of formal and nonformal speeches between the two speakers and were done by the caregivers to enable the elderly understand their speeches faster

The Relationship Between Balinese and Chinese Community Multicultural Perspective

Togetherness of Balinese and Chinese people needs to be preserved, but must be always based on multiculturalism principles such as that occurs at the moment. In order to preserve its sustainability, besides keeping on multiculturalism principles, it is much better togetherness of Balinese and Chinese people in three villages, i.e. research locations that consist of Baturiti, Carangsari, and Padangbai must be established. Multiculturalism ideology has the objective to bring society to condition i.e. harmony, peace, egalitarian, tolerance, appraise, and respect, without conflict and violence, as well as different complexity. This article describes the relationship between Balinese and Chinese from multiculturalism perspective. Keywords: Multiculturalism, principles, and Balinese and Chinese peopl

Componential Analysis of Indonesian Immigration Terms and Their Translations in English

Nowadays, translation becomes more essential in people\u27s everyday communication. This is due to people\u27s mobility in and out from one country into another. This also happens in Indonesia where people from all over the world come to Indonesia not only for travelling but also for other purposes such as investing, working, studying as well as retiring. Thus, the translations of Law in Indonesian Immigration should be taken into account so that the regulation is easily understood and read by those people. The selected data taken from two translation versions of Undang-UndangNomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentangKeimigrasianwere analyzed based on the theory of textual equivalence proposed by Allan (1986), supported by Newmark\u27s Componential Analysis Theory (1988). The result showed that some translations of the Indonesian Immigration Terms into English in both versions are commonly used in the Immigration section such as sponsor, permanent resident permit, Immigration Clearance etc. Some are not common in daily use such as guarantor, temporary resident permit, etc. The translation equivalents were found using componential analysis. However, in some cases,componential analysis theory is insufficient to describe the words in both versions. Therefore, meaning postulate is also applie

Componential Analysis of Indonesian Immigration Terms and Their Translations in English

Nowadays, translation becomes more essential in people's everyday communication. This is due to people's mobility in and out from one country into another. This also happens in Indonesia where people from all over the world come to Indonesia not only for travelling but also for other purposes such as investing, working, studying as well as retiring. Thus, the translations of Law in Indonesian Immigration should be taken into account so that the regulation is easily understood and read by those people. The selected data taken from two translation versions of Undang-UndangNomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentangKeimigrasianwere analyzed based on the theory of textual equivalence proposed by Allan (1986), supported by Newmark's Componential Analysis Theory (1988). The result showed that some translations of the Indonesian Immigration Terms into English in both versions are commonly used in the Immigration section such as sponsor, permanent resident permit, Immigration Clearance etc. Some are not common in daily use such as guarantor, temporary resident permit, etc. The translation equivalents were found using componential analysis. However, in some cases,componential analysis theory is insufficient to describe the words in both versions. Therefore, meaning postulate is also applie

NOUN DERIVATION OF THE TYPICAL MINAHASA FOOD AND BEVERAGE NAMES

Derivation of the name of typical Minahasa food and beverage is a change or replacement of the word class of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives into nouns. It occurs through the process of compounding, affixation, and reduplication. Free morpheme which appears is ransak, tei, tu'tu, tape, segor, sende ', rica, fresh, rukus. Conversely, some morphemes or bound forms (affixes) are the prefix /pe-/,/wa-/, and /ko-/ ; infix /-in-/ ; suffix /-en/, and confixes /-in- + -an/ and  /ka- + -an/ . Prefixes /pe-/, /wa-/, and /ko-/ ; infix /-in-/ ; sufi x-en/, andconfixes /-in- + -an/ occur in the formation of derivational words of  food, while  drinks contain two morphemes (affixes), the infix / -in- / and confix (ka + -an). Thus, the derivation of the typical Minahasa food naming is called derivational affixes such as derivational prefix, infix, and confix. Meanwhile, derivational infix, and confix occur in a typical Minahasa drink. Empty derivation is not found in the typical Minahasa food and beverage since a single form, for example, pangi, sa’ut, paniki, kawok, dan sopi have a meaning that does not change the word class. In addition, the characteristics of the structure of itscompounding: root + base (base + roots), that have a sense of the endocentric and exocentric compound words. Endocentric ompounding is the most frequent

Savukh Rangin ritual: A study of social semiotics

Savukh Rangin is one of the oral traditions that is still alive and survived by Key community. It is performed to invoke God's Blessing, others, and the ancestors so that a baby could adapt to social environment where he/she was born. The ritual conducted is intended to keep the baby away from various kinds of illnesses or disturbance of natural surroundings. This study aims to reveal the meanings of verbal signs, nonverbal, manifest and latent in the ritual. The disclosure of meanings of verbal and nonverbal signs in Savukh Rangin ritual applied theory of social semiotics by Peirce (1975), which emphasizes on the signs of icons, indexes, symbols, and a means manifest and latent meaning according to Berger (2010). The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The data collecting techniques used include interview, participatory, and observation techniques. The research results shows that the use of verbal and nonverbal signs referring to the lexical, significance, referential, associative, manifest, and latent meanings. The meanings are mediated systematically by all participants in the ritual. More dominant meanings in the ritual refer to the associative and referential meanings

Savukh Rangin ritual: A study of social semiotics

Savukh Rangin is one of the oral traditions that is still alive and survived by Key community. It is performed to invoke God's Blessing, others, and the ancestors so that a baby could adapt to social environment where he/she was born. The ritual conducted is intended to keep the baby away from various kinds of illnesses or disturbance of natural surroundings. This study aims to reveal the meanings of verbal signs, nonverbal, manifest and latent in the ritual. The disclosure of meanings of verbal and nonverbal signs in Savukh Rangin ritual applied theory of social semiotics by Peirce (1975), which emphasizes on the signs of icons, indexes, symbols, and a means manifest and latent meaning according to Berger (2010). The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The data collecting techniques used include interview, participatory, and observation techniques. The research results shows that the use of verbal and nonverbal signs referring to the lexical, significance, referential, associative, manifest, and latent meanings. The meanings are mediated systematically by all participants in the ritual. More dominant meanings in the ritual refer to the associative and referential meanings

Savukh Rangin ritual: A study of social semiotics

Savukh Rangin is one of the oral traditions that is still alive and survived by Key community. It is performed to invoke God's Blessing, others, and the ancestors so that a baby could adapt to social environment where he/she was born. The ritual conducted is intended to keep the baby away from various kinds of illnesses or disturbance of natural surroundings. This study aims to reveal the meanings of verbal signs, nonverbal, manifest and latent in the ritual. The disclosure of meanings of verbal and nonverbal signs in Savukh Rangin ritual applied theory of social semiotics by Peirce (1975), which emphasizes on the signs of icons, indexes, symbols, and a means manifest and latent meaning according to Berger (2010). The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The data collecting techniques used include interview, participatory, and observation techniques. The research results shows that the use of verbal and nonverbal signs referring to the lexical, significance, referential, associative, manifest, and latent meanings. The meanings are mediated systematically by all participants in the ritual. More dominant meanings in the ritual refer to the associative and referential meanings

Metaphors in the Palm-Leaf Manuscript of Cilinaye Written in Sasak Language and their Translations into Indonesian

Several translation experts still argue whether metaphors can be translated or not as they cannot be separated from their cultural contents. The aim of the writer of the palm-leaf manuscript of Cilinaye to use metaphors is that there are many  ideas, feelings and objectives which cannot be understood if they are literally expressed, as expressed in the symbols used in the metaphorical expressions. This current study is a product-oriented translation study in which the qualitative descriptive approach was applied. This approach was used to explain the types, functions and meanings of metaphors, and the problems of metaphoric translation in the palm-leaf manuscript of Cilinaye from the Sasak language into the Indonesian language. Based on the results of analysis and discussion, several conclusions can  be  drawn as follows. First, the metaphors in the Sasak language using the same symbols can be used to express different meanings. As an illustration, if  the prefix ‘be-‘is added to the expression ‘lauk daye’, it will become  ‘belauk bedaye’, causing the meaning expressed in SL to be  different  from  that expressed in TL. Second, the concept proposed by Ching. Ed. (1980) that metaphors can be divided into Human, Animate, Living, Objective, Terrestrial, Substantial, Energy, Cosmic, and Being metaphors are not complete yet. The reason is that in the text used as the data source of the current study, the researcher also found the metaphors using directions such as  down-up, front- back, east-west, south- north, and so forth. Third, several metaphors were also found to be used to express the same meaning, for example, the concept ‘anak’ (child) was expressed using a number of different metaphors; they are nune, Pegeran buaq ate ngaji, and Dende Pati Anaq kaji. Apart from that,  the researcher also found that the concept ‘gadis’ (gir ) was expressed using  a  number of metaphors; they are Duh mas mirah kembang mete, Duh mas mirah serining kasur, Duh mas mirah buaq bulu, Neneq bini, Duh den dare masku, Dendare, dende, and  Duh mas mirah dende ayu

Shift of Politeness Strategy made by The Indonesian Caregivers in Japan

This article adresses the shift of politeness strategy made by the Indonesian caregivers in Japan. This current study focuses on two things; they are the strategy of politeness chosen and the shift of politeness strategy made by the Indonesian caregivers. The Indonesian caregivers used as the subjects of the study totaled 68. They were employed at eight homes for the elderly where the elderly people they served stayed, located in Osaka, Toyohashi, and Yokohama Japan. The data in the form of conversational text which was gathered in natural setting when the caregivers interact with the elderly people. The result shows that the Indonesian caregivers used more than one politeness strategy in the process of communication between them and the elderly people. They used both the negative and positive politeness strategies. Even in one event of communication, they alternated the two strategies, indicating that the context of situation in which one utterance was made caused them to shift from one strategy of politeness to another. As already known that Japan is a country with a ‘high context culture’, meaning that the context in which one event of communication takes place is highly important in the social culture where the Japanese language is used