19 research outputs found
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater with Vibratory Shear-Enhanced Processing Membrane Filtration
Studies on removal of phenol sulfonic acid-syntan in aqueous medium using ozonation
<p>The removal of phenol sulfonic acid-syntan (PSAS) in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was studied at different pH, ozone and initial PSAS concentrations and the optimum condition was found to be pH 7, ozone concentration of 5.2 × 10<sup>−3 </sup>mmol/L and initial PSAS concentration of 500 mg/L. The increase in BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD ratio confirmed the bio-treatability of ozonated PSAS effluent. The excitation–emission matrix intensity and Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy confirmed the generation of intermediate by-product during degradation of PSAS. The ozonation of PSAS was found to obey fast regime pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant of 3.7 × 10<sup>–9</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The mean oxidation state of carbon value between +2 and +3 confirmed that the ozonation of PSAS resulted in partial mineralization.</p
Microfiltration of pretreated sanitary landfill leachate
A laboratory study using a bench scale model of two units operation involving coagulation process with Moringa oleifera seeds extract as a coagulant and filtration process using hollow fibre microfiltration membrane, was adopted to treat Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill leachate in Puchong, Malaysia. The performance of the microfiltration membrane in pretreated sanitary landfill leachate treatment was investigated through a continuous process. The leachate sample was passed through conventional coagulation process before being filtered through a hollow fibre microfiltration membrane of 0.1 µm surface pores. The hollow fibre microfiltration membrane decreased the turbidity, colour, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and volatile suspended solids in the leachate by 98.30, 90.30, 99.63, 14.71 and 20%, respectively. The results showed that microfiltration is capable of removing high percentage of solids from leachate and might be considered as a polishing stage after on-site biological treatment for sanitary landfill leachate
Enhanced Biogas Production from Co-digestion of Intestine Waste from Slaughterhouse and Food Waste
The presence of higher
protein and lipids contents of the intestine
waste from slaughterhouse affects the anaerobic digestion (AD) process
due to volatile fatty acids accumulation and ammonia toxicity. The
aim of the present batch reactor study was to evaluate the effect
of the mixing ratio on anaerobic co-digestion of intestine waste from
the slaughterhouse (IWS) and carbon-rich food waste (FW) to enhance
the biogas production and to optimize the C/N ratio for improving
the efficiency and better performance of AD. Biogas productions were
estimated for various mixing ratios on volatile solid (VS) basis (IWS/FW:
1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) keeping the inoculum to substrate ratio
maintained at 0.5 as per German method VDI 4630. On the basis of the
present study, the biogas productions of different mixing ratios at
the end of 30th day were found to be on the order of 0.43 (1:2) >
0.39 (1:3) > 0.38 (1:1) > 0.36 (FW) > 0.35 (1:4 and 1:5)
> 0.18 (IWS)
L/g of VS added. Similarly, the VS removal efficiencies were on the
order of 64.02% (1:2) > 61.28% (1:3) > 60.91% (FW) > 60.34%
(1:4)
60.21% > (1:2) > 60.15% (1:1) > 47.69% (IWS). Results of
the study
reveal that the mixing ratio of 1:2 is found to be the suitable mixing
ratio which resulted in enhancement of biogas production by 57% and
17% when compared with IWS and FW alone, respectively. The lowest
theoretical retention time of 12 days was observed in the mixing ratio
of 1:4 with biogas production of 0.28 L/g of VS added while in the
mixing ratio of 1:2, the biogas production of 0.35 L/g of VS added
was achieved in 13 days
Recycling of tannery effluent from common effluent treatment plant using ceramic membrane based filtration process: A closed loop approach using pilot scale study
Ceramic membrane based treatment was proposed for recycling of tannery effluent being discharged from a common effluent treatment plant (CETP) which treats the effluent produced from about 400 tanneries in and around Kolkata, India. The efficiency of the process was investigated with the help of a pilot scale study. The membrane filtration unit was installed inside the premises of CETP. The effluent from secondary clarifier which is usually discharged into the environment was treated further by the membrane process. Ceramic microfiltration membrane developed indigenously by CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute was used in this study. The feasibility of the treatment process was initially evaluated in laboratory scale membrane filtration unit which indicated about 77-80% reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 95-98% reduction of turbidity. The treated water (TW) from pilot scale study was reused in the wet processing of leather and compared to that of control (C). Dye uptake of the leather samples was observed more in case of TW and other physical properties were comparable with that of control. Tensile strength of leather from TW was about 258 kg/cm(2) while for C it was 260 kg/cm(2). Application of the low cost ceramic membranes having excellent chemical and mechanical durability proved potential to provide a sustainable option for recycling of hazardous industrial effluent. (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 60-69, 201