Arus Permukaan Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Distribusi 137cs (Cesium-137) Di Perairan Gresik

Salah satu pencemaran laut di Perairan Gresik yang belum mendapat perhatian dan belum banyak diteliti adalah pencemaran zat radioaktif radionuklida 137Cs. Unsur radionuklida ini mendapat perhatian karena sifatnya yang mudah larut di dalam air. Pencemaran apapun baik yang berasal dari daratan (land base pollution) maupun dari lautan (marine base pollution) secara langsung maupun tidak, akan signifikan mempengaruhi lingkungannya yang tidak mengenal batas teriotorial tetapi bisa bersifat global, sehingga pengetahuan tentang sirkulasi dan pergerakan polutan (termasuk zat radioaktif) sangat penting untuk diprediksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui arus permukaan yang berpengaruh terhadap proses distribusi kandungan 137Cs di perairan Gresik. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan arus tertinggi berada pada angka 0,191 m/s dan kecepatan arus terendah 0,006 m/s. Arus permukaan yang membawa kandungan radionuklida hingga sampai ke perairan Gresik adalah Arus Mindanao yang masuk ke dalam jalur ARLINDO

Kajian Sebaran Ukuran Butir Sedimen Di Perairan Gresik, Jawa Timur

Tiap tahun pengangkutan sedimen menuju laut dapat mencapai jutaan meter kubik. Hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan Perubahan muka bumi dan dapat mengganggu aktivitas dari biota perairan. Sedimen yang telah masuk dalam lingkungan perairan akan mengendap dan terdistribusi oleh proses oseanografi. Lokasi Perairan Gresik yang berada pada muara sungai memiliki kesesuaian dengan kajian penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis sedimen di Perairan Gresik dan pendistribusiannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua fraksi sedimen di Perairan Gresik, yaitu sedimen pasir dan pasir berlanau, dimana pola distribusinya menunjukan daerah pesisir didominasi oleh sedimen pasir dan di laut lepas yang berjenis pasir berlanau

Studi Pendahuluan Radionuklida 137cs Di Perairan Indonesia Timur

KasuskecelakaanPembangkitListrikTenagaNuklir di Chernobyl dan Fukushima, merupakansalahsatupenyumbangradionuklidaantropogenik di lautankhususnya di samuderaPasifik. Selainitu, sumber lain sepertiujicobanuklir di atmosfer yang banyakdilakukansetelahPerangDunia II. Radionuklida yang masukkelautdapatdisebarkanolehadanyaaruslaut.Penelitianinibertujuanuntukmengetahuidistribusi137Cs di perairan Indonesia timur yang merupakanmasukandariSamuderaPasifik. Pengambilansampel air lautdilakukanpada 1 – 18 September 2012 kemudiansampel di analisis di LabolatoriumRadioekologiKelautan, BATAN (BadanTenagaNuklir) Serpong yang dilakukanpada 9 Oktobersampai 21 Desember 2012. Penelitianinibersifatdeskriptifeksploratif, denganpengambilansampelmenggunakanmetode sampling purposive. Analisisaktivitas137Cs menggunakanmetodedari IAEA-MEL (International Atomic Energy Agency's Marine Environmental Labolatories).Hasilpenelitianmenunjukkan, bahwakonsentrasiradionuklida137Cs di Perairan Indonesia Timur. berkisarantara 0,14 – 0,43 mBq/L. Hal tersebutdidugaberasaldariSamudraPasifik yang berkisar 0,7 – 2, 8 mBq/L dan global fallout yang dibawaoleharuslaut, karena di perairantersebuttidakadasumberaktivitasradionuklida yang menghasilkan137Cs.

Semisynthesis and in vitro anticancer activities of andrographolide analogues

The plant Andrographis paniculata found throughout Southeast Asia contains Andrographolide 1, a diterpenoid lactone, which has antitumour activities against in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models. In the present study, we report on the synthesis of andrographolide derivatives, 3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (2), 14-acetyl-3,19-isopropylideneandrographolide (3) and 14-acetylandrographolide (4), and their in vitro antitumour activities against a 2-cell line panel consisting of MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line) and HCT-116 (colon cancer cell line). Compounds 2 and 4 were also screened at the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) for their activities against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines derived from nine cancer types. Compound 2 was found to be selective towards leukaemia and colon cancer cells, and compound 4 was selective towards leukaemia, ovarian and renal cancer cells at all the dose-response parameters. Compounds 2 and 4 showed non-specific phase of the cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells treated at different intervals with different concentrations. NCI’s COMPARE and SOM mechanistic analyses indicated that the anticancer activities of these new class of compounds were not similar to that of standard anticancer agents, suggesting novel mechanism(s) of action

Meaning and components of Quality of Life among individuals with spinal cord injury in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia

Purpose: Knowledge on the meaning of quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury in developing countries is limited. This study aims to explore the meaning and components of quality of life for individuals with spinal cord injury in a rural area in Indonesia. Method: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 12 individuals with paraplegia (8 males, 4 females) aged 24–67 years. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes that constitute meaning and components of quality of life. Results: Quality of life was not an easily understood concept, while “life satisfaction” and “happiness” were. Life satisfaction was associated with a person’s feeling when achieving goals or dreams and related to fulfillment of needs. Thirteen components of life satisfaction were identified and categorized into five domains as follows: (1) participation: earning income and work, being useful to others, community participation, and having skills and knowledge, (2) social support: social support, social relationship, (3) relationship with God: injury is God’s will, praying, (4) independence: being independent, mobility and accessibility, and health, and (5) psychological resources: accepting the condition, maintaining goals and motivation. Conclusions: Social, cultural and religious influences were prominent in the perception of life satisfaction. The measurement of quality of life for individuals with spinal cord injury in Indonesia needs to consider locally perceived meaning and components of quality of life. Implications for Rehabilitation Financial, social and health needs of individuals with spinal cord injury in Indonesia must be immediately addressed. To increase financial independence, rehabilitation professionals should equip individuals with spinal cord injury with adequate self-employment skills. Sociocultural and religious aspects should be considered in the measurement of quality of life

Designing programs for eliminating canine rabies from islands: Bali, Indonesia as a case study

<p>Background: Canine rabies is one of the most important and feared zoonotic diseases in the world. In some regions rabies elimination is being successfully coordinated, whereas in others rabies is endemic and continues to spread to uninfected areas. As epidemics emerge, both accepted and contentious control methods are used, as questions remain over the most effective strategy to eliminate rabies. The Indonesian island of Bali was rabies-free until 2008 when an epidemic in domestic dogs began, resulting in the deaths of over 100 people. Here we analyze data from the epidemic and compare the effectiveness of control methods at eliminating rabies.</p> <p>Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from Bali, we estimated the basic reproductive number, R0, of rabies in dogs, to be ~1·2, almost identical to that obtained in ten–fold less dense dog populations and suggesting rabies will not be effectively controlled by reducing dog density. We then developed a model to compare options for mass dog vaccination. Comprehensive high coverage was the single most important factor for achieving elimination, with omission of even small areas (<0.5% of the dog population) jeopardizing success. Parameterizing the model with data from the 2010 and 2011 vaccination campaigns, we show that a comprehensive high coverage campaign in 2012 would likely result in elimination, saving ~550 human lives and ~$15 million in prophylaxis costs over the next ten years.</p> <p>Conclusions/Significance: The elimination of rabies from Bali will not be achieved through achievable reductions in dog density. To ensure elimination, concerted high coverage, repeated, mass dog vaccination campaigns are necessary and the cooperation of all regions of the island is critical. Momentum is building towards development of a strategy for the global elimination of canine rabies, and this study offers valuable new insights about the dynamics and control of this disease, with immediate practical relevance.</p&gt

Agama, Keterbukaan dan Demokrasi: Harapan dan Tantangan

Kekejaman yang sengaja dipertontonkan kelompok ekstrimis keagamaan tidak jarang membuat keyakinan sebagian orang goyah, jika bukan hilang, pada agama. Apa yang membuat agama dan nilai kemanusiaan seperti bertentangan, di satu sisi agama yang mengajarkan cinta kasih antar sesama, di sisi lain umatnya justru merusak nilai kemananusiaan? Berawal dari Nurcholish Madjid Memorial Lecture (NMML) 2014, Franz Magnis-Suseno, SJ, dalam buku ini, menekankan kembali bahwa iman kepada Allah hanya benar kalau terwujud dalam hormat terhadap manusia ciptaan tertinggi Allah. Beriman seharusnya mengandung makna dukungan terhadap hak asasi manusia, termasuk kebebasan beragama. Tantangan bagi agama saat ini menurutnya adalah budaya konsumerisme kapitalistik dan gerakan ekstrimisme keagamaan. Aspek ini kemudian diulas lebih lanjut dari berbagai perspektif oleh Nathanael G. Sumaktoyo, Mery Kolimon, Taufiq Pasiak, Ahmad Syafi'i Mufid, Maman Imanulhaq, Alissa Wahid dan Rosalia Sciortino. Perdebatan para penulis dalam buku ini sejatinya bermuara pada semangat dan optimisme yang sama: Tidak ada kata putus asa untuk menyerukan dan memperjuangkan agama yang menunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan

Defensin-Like ZmES4 Mediates Pollen Tube Burst in Maize via Opening of the Potassium Channel KZM1

Species-preferential osmotic pollen tube burst and sperm discharge in maize involve induced opening of the pollen tube-expressed potassium channel KZM1 by the egg apparatus-derived defensin-like protein ZmES4