Latino educational opportunity in discourse and policy: A critical and policy discourse analysis of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics

This study interrogates how federal policy discursively shapes Latino educational opportunity and equity. The White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics (WHIEEH) represents the pre-eminent federal discourse on Latino educational opportunity, and sets the parameters by which institutions are able to be informed and respond to its espoused objectives. Despite the recommendations and strategies previously conveyed by WHIEEH reports, Latino educational equity remains to be achieved. This study adopts critical and policy discourse analyses as methodological tools to identify the discourses that are informing how the policy subjects, problems, and solutions are being constructed and produced through the WHIEEH. The findings suggest that policy subjects are constructed and informed by a discourse of homogeneity, American discourse that supposes citizenship, a discourse of disadvantage, and a marketplace discourse. Problems constructed in the WHIEEH, are informed by a crisis discourse that helps to produce framing the lack of contributions of Latinos to the country as an unintended problem. This is made possible, by discursively framing Latino educational opportunity in relationship to the economic well-being of the country. Solution constructions are informed by an accountability discourse that leaves further questions about who is ultimately accountable for ensuring Latino educational opportunity. The study disrupts traditional and conventional policy analyses and raises imperative understandings of how Latino educational opportunity is discursively constructed in federal policy

Open Mind and Open Heart: You Matter and Together We Can Overcome Adolescent Mental Health

The focus issue addressed in this Capstone Project is the importance of providing support that is easily accessible for all students who are faced with mental health challenges. This is an important issue for school districts because the number of students facing mental health challenges has been increasing and without adequate support students do not properly self care. It is argued that many students are currently challenged with mental health, but the support provided by schools is inadequate. Considerations of the issues, required obtaining the perspectives of stakeholders from local high schools, organizations, and families who are currently changed by mental health. Three action options emerged from an analysis of the data and were explored as ways to address the issue. Providing a permanent specialist as well as providing a wellness center is argued to be the most effective way to achieve the goals of supporting social and emotional wellness to all students

New synthetic routes to strained cumulenes and reactive carbenes

I. The synthesis, trapping, and strain energy estimates for cyclic butatrienes are described. Four fundamental questions have been investigated: kinetic stability limitations, molecular strain, structural limitations, and the development of a general synthetic route applicable to different ring sizes. 1,2,3-Cyclooctatriene (9) has been generated by magnesium induced 1,2-elimination on 2-bromo-3-chloro-1,3-cyclooctadiene (4). Synthesis of the eight-membered ring completes the C\sb6-C\sb{10} series of cyclic butatrienes. This substance shows moderate kinetic stability, but is readily trapped in a (\rm\sb\pi2\sb{s}{+}\sb\pi4\sb{s}\rbrack cycloaddition with diphenylisobenzofuran or 2,5-dimethylfuran. The total strain energy and the strain in the butatriene moiety in cumulene 9 have been assessed by ab initio calculations. The estimates are 17.7 kcal/mol and 12.4 kcal/mol, respectively, at the MP2/6-31G*//HF/3-21G level. 1,2,3-Cycloheptatriene (0) and its isomer cyclohepten-3-yne (9) are readily accessible by magnesium induced 1,2-elimination on appropriate precursors. The calculated total strain energy in the cyclic butatriene, and in the seven-membered enyne are 31.8 kcal/mol and 30.8 kcal/mol, respectively, at the MP2/6-31G*//HF/3-21G level. 5,5-Dimethyl-1,2,3-cyclopentatriene (5) remains elusive. Five likely precursors have been prepared and studied; no evidence for the existence of this compound was found. Intramolecular vinylidene coupling has been explored as a possible ring-size-independent synthetic route to cyclic butatrienes. In the cases of tetrabromo-olefins 22 and 27 a 1,2-migration occurs faster than the ring closure which would give the cumulene. II. A general route to cleanly photogenerate reactive carbenes by photolysis of cyclopropanated phenanthrenes has been studied. The adduct of dichlorocarbene and phenanthrene has been modified to produce shelf-stable substances that serve as photochemical precursors to vinylcarbene, and acyclic and cyclic vinylidenes. Low temperature irradiation of 7-endo-ethylenedibenzo (a;b) bicyclo (4.10) heptane (41) at 254 nm cleanly gives phenanthrene (35) and vinylcarbene (36); the latter rapidly rearranges to cyclopropene. The strained alkene is efficiently trapped by cycloadditions with cyclopentadiene or diphenylisobenzofuran. Fragmentation of a C\sb9 vinylidene precursor 58 leads to efficient formation of 1-nonyne (60) by 1,2-shift. Cyclobutylidenecarbene (63) rearranges readily to cyclopentyne (3). Cycloalkyne 3 is trapped by cyclohexene to give tricyclo (6.3.0.0\sp{2,7}\rbrackundec-1(8)-ene (68) and a cyclohexyl derivative 72 which has not been previously described. Rearrangements of cyclopentylidenecarbene (63) and cyclohexylidenecarbene (64) are not observed. These carbenes are trapped in (2+1) cycloadditions with cyclohexene

Analysis of VCO based noise shaping ADCs linearized by PWM modulation

Nonlinearity is one of the main problems associated with VCO based noise shaping ADCs. Their open loop architecture does not permit correction of the nonlinear voltage to frequency response of the VCO by feedback. Recently, linearization of a VCO ADC by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) precoding has been proposed. Here, the input signal is encoded by a PWM modulator to drive the VCO with a 2-level signal, thus eliminating the nonlinearity of the VCO. This paper analyzes the remaining inherent distortion in such modulators which originates from subsampling the PWM sidebands

Section 301 And The New Two Dispute Settlement Understanding

Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (as amended) is the principal United States statute designed to address foreign unfair practices affecting United States exports of goods and services, and to achieve improved intellectual property protection as well as equitable rules for investment abroa

A Discussion of Thin Client Technology for Computer Labs

Computer literacy is not negotiable for any professional in an increasingly computerised environment. Educational institutions should be equipped to provide this new basic training for modern life. Accordingly, computer labs are an essential medium for education in almost any field. Computer labs are one of the most popular IT infrastructures for technical training in primary and secondary schools, universities and other educational institutions all over the world. Unfortunately, a computer lab is expensive, in terms of both initial purchase and annual maintenance costs, and especially when we want to run the latest software. Hence, research efforts addressing computer lab efficiency, performance or cost reduction would have a worldwide repercussion. In response to this concern, this paper presents a survey on thin client technology for computer labs in educational environments. Besides setting out the advantages and drawbacks of this technology, we aim to refute false prejudices against thin clients, identifying a set of educational scenarios where thin clients are a better choice and others requiring traditional solutions

Metodología para determinar la distribución de puntos de acceso a servicios de gobierno electrónico

Este trabajo es de interés para territorios en países en vías de desarrollo que tengan información escasa o limitada sobre la cual planificar Puntos de Acceso a Servicios (PAS). Está pensado para territorios que actualmente no cuenten con ningún o con escasos PAS y que estén interesados en aplicar esta estrategia para proveer de servicios a los ciudadanos de su territorio. Aquí se dan claves para tener una respuesta con base técnica para decidir cuántos PAS poner en el territorio y dónde ubicarlos. Ante la pregunta de ¿cómo realizar una distribución de puntos de acceso a servicios de gobierno electrónico sobre un territorio determinado?, este trabajo toma en cuenta tres variables: tamaño de la población, distancia entre poblaciones y costo de implantación de los puntos de acceso. Este proceso se basa en la teoría de localización de instalaciones y usa algoritmos genéticos como herramienta técnica. Se ha hecho la aplicación de esta metodología en dos contextos: el Municipio de Santa Elena (Ecuador) y en la provincia de Asturias (España). La selección de estos dos territorios se ha planteado para resaltar las diferencias de esfuerzos en la aplicación de una misma metodología en ambos contextos