Mujeres inmigrantes emprendedoras en el medio rural : factor para la sostenibilidad económica y social de las áreas rurales de la Comunidad Valenciana

The objective of this article is to explore how the immigrant female entrepreneurs obtained the initiative to start business in rural Valencia where it is acknowledge that is difficult to initiate and sustain these economic activities; also to know how they manage in sustaining rural socio-economic structure. This is a qualitative approach to case studies taken from individual interviews. The findings indicate that is about undertaking projects after a consolidated period in their migration. This was possible because they were replacing the native population. The guidelines of the provinces are the same with some exceptions e.g. Alicante. All these experiences contrast with the inertia, shown to date, in the movement/'escape' of native women to urban environments seeking greater autonomy and self dependence. It can be seen that the cases studied show the opposite dynamic, hereby contributing to the sustainable socio-economic framework of the rural Valencian Community

The Essential Role of IL-17 as the Pathogenetic Link between Psoriasis and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

IL-17; Enfermedad del hígado graso asociada al metabolismo; PsoriasisIL-17; Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease; PsoriasisIL-17; Malaltia del fetge gras associada al metabolisme; PsoriasiInterleukin 17 (IL-17) is an effector cytokine that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a condition that is more prevalent and severe in patients with psoriasis. In liver inflammation, IL-17 is mainly produced by CD4+ T (TH17) and CD8+ T cells (Tc17), although numerous other cells (macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils and Tγδ cells) also contribute to the production of IL-17. In hepatocytes, IL-17 mediates systemic inflammation and the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the liver, and it is also implicated in the development of fibrosis and insulin resistance. IL-17 levels have been correlated with progression from MAFLD to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical trials have shown that inhibiting IL-17A in patients with psoriasis could potentially contribute to the improvement of metabolic and liver parameters. A better understanding of the key factors involved in the pathogenesis of these chronic inflammatory processes could potentially lead to more efficient treatment for both psoriasis and MAFLD, and help to develop holistic strategies to improve the management of these patients.Financial support for the expert meetings and manuscript preparation were provided by Novartis Farmacéutica S.A

The Prognostic Value of BRCA1 mRNA Expression Levels Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer

A fraction of sporadic breast cancers has low BRCA1 expression. BRCA1 mutation carriers are more likely to achieve a pathological complete response with DNA-damage-based chemotherapy compared to non-mutation carriers. Furthermore, sporadic ovarian cancer patients with low levels of BRCA1 mRNA have longer survival following platinum-based chemotherapy than patients with high levels of BRCA1 mRNA. hybridization, and BRCA1 mRNA was analyzed in a subset of 41 patients for whom sufficient tumor tissue was available by real-time quantitative PCR. Median time to progression was 42 months and overall survival was 55 months. In the multivariate analysis for time to progression and overall survival for 41 patients in whom BRCA1 could be assessed, low levels of BRCA1 mRNA, positive PR and negative lymph node involvement predicted a significantly lower risk of relapse, low levels of BRCA1 mRNA and positive PR were the only variables associated with significantly longer survival.We provide evidence for a major role for BRCA1 mRNA expression as a marker of time to progression and overall survival in sporadic breast cancers treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. These findings can be useful for customizing chemotherapy

Trabajo social comunitario y desarrollo competencial. La experiencia docente de Inmodels Comunitats

La aportación fundamental de nuestra propuesta de enseñanza-aprendizaje, como Grupo de Innovación Docente que ha focalizado su trabajo durante el curso 2010- 2011 en Trabajo Social Comunitario, se centra en enfatizar la capacidad de liderar procesos de desarrollo comunitario en los que se maximicen valores poco cotizados en las etapas de crecimiento económico-financiero, pero que cobran gran relevancia en las situaciones de crisis. Una idea clave para Inmodels Comunitats es que el enfoque formativo basado en competencias representa una oportunidad para rearmar a los/las trabajadores sociales en la adquisición de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes que les permitan realizar intervenciones de calidad con la comunidad, disponiendo de mayores recursos teóricos y metodológicos para el ejercicio profesional

Detection of EGFR mutations with mutation-specific antibodies in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with mutation-specific antibodies may be an ancillary method of detecting EGFR mutations in lung cancer patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>EGFR mutation status was analyzed by DNA assays, and compared with IHC results in five non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and tumor samples from 78 stage IV NSCLC patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>IHC correctly identified del 19 in the H1650 and PC9 cell lines, L858R in H1975, and wild-type EGFR in H460 and A549, as well as wild-type EGFR in tumor samples from 22 patients. IHC with the mAb against EGFR with del 19 was highly positive for the protein in all 17 patients with a 15-bp (ELREA) deletion in exon 19, whereas in patients with other deletions, IHC was weakly positive in 3 cases and negative in 9 cases. IHC with the mAb against the L858R mutation showed high positivity for the protein in 25/27 (93%) patients with exon 21 EGFR mutations (all with L858R) but did not identify the L861Q mutation in the remaining two patients.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>IHC with mutation-specific mAbs against EGFR is a promising method for detecting EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients. However these mAbs should be validated with additional studies to clarify their possible role in routine clinical practice for screening EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients.</p

Effect of surgical experience and spine subspecialty on the reliability of the {AO} Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System

OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to determine the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeon experience (&lt; 5 years, 5–10 years, 10–20 years, and &gt; 20 years) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, and "other" surgery). METHODS A total of 11,601 assessments of upper cervical spine injuries were evaluated based on the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability and reproducibility scores were obtained twice, with a 3-week time interval. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the percentage of accurately classified injuries, and Pearson’s chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to screen for potentially relevant differences between study participants. Kappa coefficients (κ) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. RESULTS The intraobserver reproducibility was substantial for surgeon experience level (&lt; 5 years: 0.74 vs 5–10 years: 0.69 vs 10–20 years: 0.69 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.70) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine: 0.71 vs neurosurgery: 0.69 vs other: 0.68). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability was substantial for all surgical experience groups on assessment 1 (&lt; 5 years: 0.67 vs 5–10 years: 0.62 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.62), and only surgeons with &gt; 20 years of experience did not have substantial reliability on assessment 2 (&lt; 5 years: 0.62 vs 5–10 years: 0.61 vs 10–20 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.59). Orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons had substantial intraobserver reproducibility on both assessment 1 (0.64 vs 0.63) and assessment 2 (0.62 vs 0.63), while other surgeons had moderate reliability on assessment 1 (0.43) and fair reliability on assessment 2 (0.36). CONCLUSIONS The international reliability and reproducibility scores for the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System demonstrated substantial intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability regardless of surgical experience and spine subspecialty. These results support the global application of this classification system

Competency-based training in community work

Los nuevos problemas sociales se focalizan hoy en sectores que caen en el espacio de la vulnerabilidad de forma sobrevenida y que pueden convertirse en situaciones permanentes. Consideramos que las respuestas activas desde las profesiones sociales deben articularse en contextos de derechos individuales frente a la justicia social, la competitividad frente a la equidad y la inmediatez frente a la sostenibilidad. Por ello es pertinente formar en el ámbito universitario en la capacidad de articular conocimientos, reflexión y sistematización de la experiencia profesional y en posicionamientos éticos que permitan desarrollar un saber intuitivo desde el punto de vista profesional, en relación a la implicación, responsabilidad y efectos de la acción profesional. La aportación fundamental de nuestra propuesta se centra en enfatizar la capacidad de liderar procesos de desarrollo comunitario en los que se maximicen valores poco cotizados en las etapas de crecimiento económico-financiero, pero que cobran gran relevancia en las situaciones de crisis.Nowadays, new social problems take place in sectors that fall in the space of vulnerability in an unexpected way and can become permanent situations. We consider that active answers from the social professions should be articulated by contrasting individual rights and social justice, competitiveness and equality, and immediacy and sustainability. Therefore, we consider it pertinent to provide students at higher education with the abilities to articulate knowledge, to reflect and systematize their professional experience. It is also necessary that they develop ethical attitudes that allow them to gain an intuitive knowledge from the professional point of view, in relation to the implication, responsibility and effects of their professional action. The main contribution of our proposal focuses on encouraging the capacity to lead processes of community development by strengthening values that are not included in the stages of economic-financial growth, but that they get great relevance in situations of crisis

Formacion competencial para la intervención comunitaria = Competency-based training in community work

Los nuevos problemas sociales se focalizan hoy en sectores que caen en el espacio de la vulnerabilidad de forma sobrevenida y que pueden convertirse en situaciones permanentes. Consideramos que las respuestas activas desde las profesiones sociales deben articularse en contextos de derechos individuales frente a la justicia social, la competitividad frente a la equidad y la inmediatez frente a la sostenibilidad. Por ello es pertinente formar en el ámbito universitario en la capacidad de articular conocimientos, reflexión y sistematización de la experiencia profesional y en posicionamientos éticos que permitan desarrollar un saber intuitivo desde el punto de vista profesional, en relación a la implicación, responsabilidad y efectos de la acción profesional. La aportación fundamental de nuestra propuesta se centra en enfatizar la capacidad de liderar procesos de desarrollo comunitario en los que se maximicen valores poco cotizados en las etapas de crecimiento económico-financiero, pero que cobran gran relevancia en las situaciones de crisis. Nowadays, new social problems take place in sectors that fall in the space of vulnerability in an unexpected way and can become permanent situations. We consider that active answers from the social professions should be articulated by contrasting individual rights and social justice, competitiveness and equality, and immediacy and sustainability. Therefore, we consider it pertinent to provide students at higher education with the abilities to articulate knowledge, to reflect and systematize their professional experience. It is also necessary that they develop ethical attitudes that allow them to gain an intuitive knowledge from the professional point of view, in relation to the implication, responsibility and effects of their professional action. The main contribution of our proposal focuses on encouraging the capacity to lead processes of community development by strengthening values that are not included in the stages of economic-financial growth, but that they get great relevance in situations of crisis