Effects of Acetic Anhydride toward Degree of Substitution on Acetylation Method of Sago Starch (Metroxylon sp) from Papua

Sago contains carbohydrates that are stored in the starch form. Starch is generally formed from two molecules of glucose polymer, namely amylose and amylopectin, which its composition varies for each type of starch [1]. The weakness of starch can be overcome through a modification of the functional properties of starch to expand sago starch. Chemical modification of starches can enlarge the range of certain starch physical properties of the parent starch [2] and enhance their use in a number of applications found in industrial processes and food manufacture. Chemical modification of starch can be performed by various methods such as acetylation. Generally, native starch has a low Degree of Substitution (DS) because of their limited degree or reaction on the granule surface. Increasing DS can be obtained by modification of native starch through acetylation reaction using few catalysts such as pyridine and NaOH. Several researchers have reported the effects of acetylation on many sort of starch sources such potato, corn, pea and cassava [3-5]. There are few studies about the effects of acetylation of starches with a wide range of amylose contents. We have carried out some work on effects of acetic anhydride concentration toward DS value of native and modified sago starch from Papua

Role of Fe2+-dependent Reaction in Biodecolorization of Methyl Orange by Brown-rot Fungus Fomitopsis pinicola

The involvement of Fenton reaction on biodegradation of methyl orange (MO) by brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis pinicola was investigated based on Fe2+-dependent reaction. The degradation of MO (final concentration 75 mg/L) was performed in mineral salt media with and without Fe2+ with incubation period at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Degradation analysis was performed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer and LC-TOF/MS. F. pinicola decolorized MO in a medium containing Fe2+ and a medium that lacked the mineral, at percentages of 89.47% and 80.08%, respectively. The optimum decolorization occurred after 28 days of incubation with the fungus on the presence of Fe2+, indicated that the presence of Fe2+ enhanced MO degradation with assumed to correlate with Fenton reaction. Two metabolites were detected through the LC-TOF/MS analysis, namely 4-(2-(4-(dimethyliminio)-2-hydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene) hydrazinyl) phenolate (m/z 258, RT: 1.28 min, compound 1) and 4-(2-(4-(dimethyliminio) cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene) hydrazinyl) benzenesulfonate (m/z 391, RT: 2.70 min, compound 2). Compound 1 was a transformation product of hydroxylation and methylation, compound 2 was a product of dehydroxylation and desulfonation. This study indicated that the transformation of the metabolite structures was involved hydroxyl radical (OH.) and enzymatic mechanisms, which involved Fe2+-dependent reaction

Rekam jejak 70 tahun Indonesia UNESCO 1950 - 2020

Buku ini bertujuan menampilkan 70 tahun rekam jejak hubungan Indonesia-UNESCO dari 1950-2020. UNESCO telah banyak berkontribusi dalam pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial nasional tidak hanya melalui pendidikan dan sains tetapi juga melalui kebudayaan. Di sisi lain, peranaktif Indonesia di berbagai badan-badan UNESCO, telah berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan efiiensi, efektivitas dan transparansi UNESCO dalam pencapaian berbagai visi dan misinya

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was obtained in a good yield by the reaction of 2-methylcinnamic acid, 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine at room temperature for 40 min. The structure of 4-methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was established by FTIR, NMR, and the high resolution of mass spectroscopies. 4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than standard drug acarbose. The molecular docking study exhibited that the title compound 1 had a good affinity for α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) and formed some interactions with the α-glucosidase active site residue

4-Methoxyphenethyl (<i>E</i>)-3-(<i>o</i>-tolyl)acrylate

4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was obtained in a good yield by the reaction of 2-methylcinnamic acid, 4-methoxyphenethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and triethylamine at room temperature for 40 min. The structure of 4-methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) was established by FTIR, NMR, and the high resolution of mass spectroscopies. 4-Methoxyphenethyl (E)-3-(o-tolyl)acrylate (1) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibition activity than standard drug acarbose. The molecular docking study exhibited that the title compound 1 had a good affinity for α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37) and formed some interactions with the α-glucosidase active site residue