Propriété, polygamie et statut personnel en Algérie coloniale, 1830-1873

Cet article étudie le rôle joué par la polygamie au cours du XIXe siècle dans la perception coloniale des populations indigènes et dans la construction des catégories du droit colonial. Si l’iconographie orientaliste accordait une place centrale au harem, les premiers modèles de colonisation ne considéraient pas la polygamie comme une composante essentielle du droit « musulman ». Ils voyaient plutôt en elle un effet de l’organisation sociale nomadique, appelé à disparaître à la suite de réformes économiques visant la propriété foncière. À partir des années 1860, au contraire, la polygamie devint le symbole de la spécificité d’un droit religieux juif et musulman, considéré comme un tout cohérent et immuable. En analysant cette transformation, l’article propose une généalogie du « statut personnel » musulman, et montre comment ce statut fut progressivement détaché des questions foncières, susceptibles, elles, de réformes.This article analyzes how polygamy’s symbolic instantiation of native difference was an effect of the colonial legal structure that it was presumed to found. It shows that, while the harem was a familiar feature of Orientalist iconography, early French approaches to “native” government did not focus on polygamy as an integral aspect of “Muslim” law. They linked polygamy to nomadic social organization and viewed it as amenable to economic (i.e. property) reform. By the 1860s, however, polygamy came to symbolize the alien and immutable status of both Jewish and Islamic religious law. By documenting this transformation, the article offers a genealogy of Muslim “personal status” – and how it was cleaved from a purportedly distinct – and hence reformable – property law.Dieser Artikel untersucht die Rolle der Polygamie bei der kolonialen Wahrnehmung einheimischer Völker und bei der Konstruktion des Kolonialrechts im 19. Jahrhundert. Auch wenn die orientalistische Ikonographie dem Harem einen zentralen Platz einräumte, verstanden die ersten Kolonisationsmodelle die Polygamie nicht als grundlegende Komponente des « muslimischen » Rechts. Sie sahen sie vielmehr als Auswirkung der nomadischen sozialen Organisation an, die man infolge der wirtschaftlichen Reformen mit Bezug auf das Grundeigentum zum Verschwinden bringen wollte. Ab den 1860er Jahren wurde die Polygamie jedoch zum Symbol der Besonderheit eines jüdischen und muslimischen religiösen Rechts, das als kohärentes und unveränderliches Ganzes angesehen wurde. Anhand einer Analyse dieser Veränderung bietet der Artikel eine Genealogie des muslimischen « persönlichen Status » und zeigt, wie dieser Status nach und nach von den Fragen des Grundeigentums – das reformierbar war – abgekoppelt wurde

Bataille and the Birth of the Subject: Out of the Laughter of the Socius

After the recuperation of Bataille as a major precursor of the poststructuralist death of the subject by influential theorists such as Foucault, Derrida and Jean-Luc Nancy, recent developments in Bataille studies have begun to place mimetic, contagious affects at the center of the problematic of “sovereign communication” (Borch-Jacobsen, Ffrench). In this article, I extend this emerging line of inquiry by considering the role of laughter in Bataille’s theory of the communicative subject. My claim is that far from relying on what a “metaphysics of the subject,” Bataille’s ticklish form of communication is predicated on the so-far unnoticed, yet explicit debt to Pierre Janet’s “psychology of the socius.” I argue that Bataille’s take on laughter remains important for us today because it provides us with a non-metaphysical starting point to rethink the process of subject formation in intersubjective, relational term. For both Bataille and recent developments in mimetic theory, laughter precedes being, insofar as it is through laughter that the subject comes into being.status: publishe

The IVS data input to ITRF2014

2015ivs..data....1N - GFZ Data Services, Helmoltz Centre, Potsdam, GermanyVery Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a primary space-geodetic technique for determining precise coordinates on the Earth, for monitoring the variable Earth rotation and orientation with highest precision, and for deriving many other parameters of the Earth system. The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS, http://ivscc.gsfc.nasa.gov/) is a service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The datasets published here are the results of individual Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) sessions in the form of normal equations in SINEX 2.0 format (http://www.iers.org/IERS/EN/Organization/AnalysisCoordinator/SinexFormat/sinex.html, the SINEX 2.0 description is attached as pdf) provided by IVS as the input for the next release of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRF): ITRF2014. This is a new version of the ITRF2008 release (Bockmann et al., 2009). For each session/ file, the normal equation systems contain elements for the coordinate components of all stations having participated in the respective session as well as for the Earth orientation parameters (x-pole, y-pole, UT1 and its time derivatives plus offset to the IAU2006 precession-nutation components dX, dY (https://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2006_Resol1.pdf). The terrestrial part is free of datum. The data sets are the result of a weighted combination of the input of several IVS Analysis Centers. The IVS contribution for ITRF2014 is described in Bachmann et al (2015), Schuh and Behrend (2012) provide a general overview on the VLBI method, details on the internal data handling can be found at Behrend (2013)