Psychology in Kalithogai

Sangam literature is very helpful to know the history of the Tamil race. In Kalithogai many elements related to life are explained. Through literature we can identify the social history and build a community. That is why literature plays a major role in society. It is a repository of Tamil culture. Kalithogai is the first book to be published in the Eight Anthologies. The book is appreciated by all. It also portrays the life of the people living in five land forms. This article explains psychological thoughts of Perungadungo's Kalithogai

Exact Haldane mapping for all SS and super universality in spin chains

The low energy dynamics of the anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg spin $S$ chain in the semiclassical limit $S\to\infty$ is known to map onto the O(3) nonlinear $\sigma$ model with a $\theta$ term in 1+1 dimension. Guided by the underlying dual symmetry of the spin chain, as well as the recently established topological significance of "dangling edge spins," we report an {\em exact} mapping onto the O(3) model that avoids the conventional large $S$ approximation altogether. Our new methodology demonstrates all the super universal features of the $\theta$ angle concept that previously arose in the theory of the quantum Hall effect. It explains why Haldane's original ideas remarkably yield the correct answer in spite of the fundamental complications that generally exist in the idea of semiclassical expansions

Myrcene-What Are the Potential Health Benefits of This Flavouring and Aroma Agent?

Myrcene (β-myrcene) is an abundant monoterpene which occurs as a major constituent in many plant species, including hops and cannabis. It is a popular flavouring and aroma agent (food additive) used in the manufacture of food and beverages. This review aims to report on the occurrence, biological and toxicological profile of β-myrcene. The main reported biological properties of β-myrcene—anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-ageing, antiinflammatory, analgesic properties—are discussed, with the mechanisms of activity. Here we also discuss recent data regarding the safety of β-myrcene. Overall, β-myrcene has shown promising health benefits in many animal studies. However, studies conducted in humans is lacking. In the future, there is potential for the formulation and production of non-alcoholic beers, functional foods and drinks, and cannabis extracts (low in THC) rich in β-myrcene

Large scale phytoplankton batch cultures for rearing of marine prawn larvae

Successful rearing of penaeid prawn larvae depends on the continuous availability of desired species of phytoplankton. A breakthrough in the culture of penaeid larvae was achieved by Japanese scientist Hudinaga when he was able to cultu re the diatom Skeletonema cost8tum to feed the Penaeus japonicus larvae

Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Reducing the energy utilization is an important element in the Wireless Sensor network (WSN). Many protocols have been designed for improving energy efficiency of the network. Clustering protocols have been proved to be one of the energy-efficient protocols in WSN. One of the basic and most popular protocols designed using the clustering approach is the LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy).However, LEACH undergoes an issue of bad distribution of cluster heads, which is overcome by implementing a technique of selecting smart cluster head in LEACH known as SCHS (Smart Cluster Head Selection).Also another clustering protocol HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed) which follows the principle of LEACH is considered for the study purpose. In this paper, a thorough analysis of three clustering protocols was carried out by keeping the network parameters same so as to conclude which protocol amongst the three utilizes the minimum energy and prolongs the network lifetime

Prediction of Indian rainfall during the summer monsoon season on the basis of links with equatorial Pacific and Indian Ocean climate indices

Interannual variation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) is linked to El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO) as well as the Equatorial Indian Ocean oscillation (EQUINOO) with the link with the seasonal value of the ENSO index being stronger than that with the EQUINOO index. We show that the variation of a composite index determined through bivariate analysis, explains 54% of ISMR variance, suggesting a strong dependence of the skill of monsoon prediction on the skill of prediction of ENSO and EQUINOO. We explored the possibility of prediction of the Indian rainfall during the summer monsoon season on the basis of prior values of the indices. We find that such predictions are possible for July–September rainfall on the basis of June indices and for August–September rainfall based on the July indices. This will be a useful input for second and later stage forecasts made after the commencement of the monsoon seaso

Inhibition and kinetic studies of cellulose - and hemicellulose - degrading enzymes of Ganoderma boninense by naturally occurring phenolic compounds

AIM: Ganoderma sp, the causal pathogen of the basal stem rot (BSR) disease of oil palm, secretes extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. These play an important role in the pathogenesis of BSR by nourishing the pathogen through the digestion of cellulose and hemicellulose of the host tissue. Active suppression of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by Ganoderma boninense by various naturally occurring phenolic compounds and estimation of their efficacy on pathogen suppression is focused in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ten naturally occurring phenolic compounds were assessed for their inhibitory effect on the hydrolytic enzymes of G. boninense. The enzyme kinetics (Vmax and Km ) and the stability of the hydrolytic enzymes were also characterized. The selected compounds had shown inhibitory effect at various concentrations. Two types of inhibitions namely uncompetitive and noncompetitive were observed in the presence of phenolic compounds. Among all the phenolic compounds tested, benzoic acid was the most effective compound suppressive to the growth and production of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by G. boninense. The phenolic compounds as inhibitory agents can be a better replacement for the metal ions which are known as conventional inhibitors till date. The three hydrolytic enzymes were stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the efficacy of the applications of phenolic compounds to control Ganoderma. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study has proved a replacement for chemical controls of G. boninense with naturally occurring phenolic compounds

THE CONCEPT OF IMMUNOMODULATION IN AYURVEDA W.S.R. TO ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PREVENTING EMERGING INFECTIONS LIKE COVID 2019

Ayurveda is one of the most renowned traditional systems of medicine that has survived and flourished from ages till date. The two basic aims of Ayurvedic science is to maintain the health of healthy person and curing the ill health of the diseased. Here is a comprehensive review of the Ayurvedic classical texts, to understand the Ayurvedic perspectives of immunomodulation w.s.r. to its significance in preventing emerging infections like COVID 2019 pandemic. Background: The review is prepared based on the Ayurvedic perspectives and practices of immunity described in various classical Ayurvedic text books like Brhitrayis, Laghutrayis, their commentaries and published research articles. Review Results: Ayurveda enlists various enhancers of immunity, which include Dinacharya (daily regimen), Ritucharya (seasonal regimen), proper diet, exercise, specific foods like milk, Rasayanas like Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), meditation, Yoga-pranayama, Achara Rasayana (good conduct of behaviour). The concept of Vyaadhiksamatva is not merely immunity against a specific infectious agent or disease like the concept of modern medicine. Rather, it denotes resistance against the loss of integrity, proportion and inter-relationship amongst the individual’s Doshas (biohumours) and Dhatus (tissues), which can be increased by various methods mentioned in Ayurveda. Conclusion: New infections are emerging which are not manageable by conventional medicine like the COVID 2019 pandemic. Soit is high time to educate people about the valuable teachings on leading a healthy and subsequently a happier life with the help of the immunomodulatory techniques described in Ayurveda