El saber matemático, su enseñanza y su aprendizaje: la mirada de alumnos y profesores

Ésta investigación se sitúa en la problemática del fracaso escolar en Matemática en estudiantes de Nivel Medio (Corica, Otero, 2005; Gascón et. al., 2001). Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar las ideas de alumnos y profesores acerca del saber matemático, su enseñanza y aprendizaje, para poder explorar los posibles factores que intervienen en el fracaso en Matemática de los estudiantes. En esta investigación se abordan aspectos didácticos a partir de la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (Chevallard, 1999), aspectos cognitivos a partir de la Teoría de Aprendizaje Significativo (Ausubel, 1976) y aspectos epistemológicos vinculadas al saber matemático a partir de las ideas de Klimovsky (2000). En este trabajo se presentan resultados de dos estudios realizados con estudiantes de Nivel Medio y un tercer estudio vinculado con profesores del mismo nivel

Primer registro documentado de la catita andina Bolborhynchus orbygnesius en Argentina, usando comunalmente un nido de palitos para descansar

A group of several Andean Parakeet (Bolborhynchus orbygnesius) individuals was observed, photographed and tape-recorded at Finca El Candado, near Los Cardones National Park, Salta Province, northwestern Argentina. There is no previously published record of Andean Parakeet from south of Cochabamba, Bolivia, although there is a tape-recording from Tarija, Bolivia, which is about 350 km north-northwest of Finca El Candado. Additionally, there is an undocumented record of a group of birds 218 km north-northwest of Finca El Candado, between Valle Colorado and Santa Ana, in Jujuy Province, Argentina. Birds were coming to roost in a large stick nest that did not look like any described nest. We do not know if the parrots had constructed this nest entirely or partly, or if it had been made by other bird species. Future research will clarify if Andean Parakeet commonly uses stick nests for roosting, if it breeds in them, and if it is responsible for or contributes to their construction.Un grupo de varios individuos de la Catita Andina (Bolborhynchus orbygnesius) fue observado, fotografiado y sus voces registradas en Finca El Candado, cerca del Parque Nacional Los Cardones, provincia de Salta, en el noroeste de Argentina. No hay registros previos publicados de la Catita Andina al sur de Cochabamba, Bolivia, aunque hay grabaciones de cantos provenientes de Tarija, Bolivia, unos 350 km al nor-noroeste de Finca El Candado. Además, hay un registro no documentado de un grupo de aves 218 km al nor-noroeste de Finca El Candado, entre Valle Colorado y Santa Ana, en la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Las aves utilizaban para descansar un nido grande de palitos que no se parecía a ningún nido previamente descripto. No es posible saber si las catitas habían construido este nido, ya sea totalmente o en parte, o si había sido hecho por otras especies de aves. Futuras investigaciones confirmarán si la Catita Andina usa comúnmente nidos de palitos para descansar, si nidifica en ellos y si es la responsable o contribuye a su construcción

Formación inicial de profesores de Matemáticas en Argentina: : una experiencia a partir del Lesson Study

En este trabajo presentamos resultados parciales de una investigación que tuvo entre sus objetivos el de acercar a los estudiantes de profesorado en matemática al método de Lesson Study, a partir de  un trabajo colaborativo de indagación y de construcción de conocimiento matemático y didáctico. El punto de partida fue la implementación de un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación cuyas cuestiones provienen de la microeconomía. Este recurso se basa en el cuestionamiento y reflexión y posiciona como punto de partida las preguntas umbilicales que aseguran un estudio funcional de la matemática. Los resultados que presentamos aquí son parciales y refieren a los mapas P-R elaborados por cada grupo y a las reflexiones que hicieron explícitas los estudiantes de profesorado en su diario de clase sobre esos mapas y sobre la experiencia realizada. Se concluye en la potencia del método de Lesson Study como herramienta para la formación de estudiantes de profesorado y como un instrumento potente de investigación en el aula.  Este trabajo presenta el análisis de las reflexiones de estudiantes para profesor adoptando la metodología Lesson Study. El aula implementada se desarrolló a partir de un Recorrido de Estudio e Investigación (REI), cuyas cuestiones provienen de la microeconomía. La investigación se realizó en un curso de tercer año de la formación para profesor de matemática, de una Universidad Nacional de Argentina. El aula se implementó dos años consecutivos (compuesta, respectivamente, por 11 y 12 estudiantes para profesor). El curso tuvo una duración de 4 meses con dos encuentros semanales. Se realizaron observaciones participantes, con el registro de datos en notas de campo. Se recolectaron dos tipos de producciones de los estudiantes: la producción clase a clase de cada grupo y las reflexiones registradas en un diario de clase. Se analizaron los datos en términos de preguntas y respuestas a las cuestiones del REI construidas y compartidas por los estudiantes. Las reflexiones se analizaron a partir de técnicas de análisis de datos textuales. Se concluye en la potencialidad de la metodología Lesson Study para la formación de estudiantes de profesorado y en las posibilidades de complementariedad con los REI como instrumento potente de investigación en el aula.

Glofitamab, a Novel, Bivalent CD20-Targeting T-Cell–Engaging Bispecific Antibody, Induces Durable Complete Remissions in Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase I Trial

Glofitamab; B-Cell Lymphoma; RelapsedGlofitamab; Linfoma de células B; RecaídaGlofitamab; Limfoma de cèl·lules B; RecaigudaPURPOSE Glofitamab is a T-cell–engaging bispecific antibody possessing a novel 2:1 structure with bivalency for CD20 on B cells and monovalency for CD3 on T cells. This phase I study evaluated glofitamab in relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). Data for single-agent glofitamab, with obinutuzumab pretreatment (Gpt) to reduce toxicity, are presented. METHODS Seven days before the first dose of glofitamab (0.005-30 mg), all patients received 1,000 mg Gpt. Dose-escalation steps were determined using a Bayesian continuous reassessment method with overdose control. Primary end points were safety, pharmacokinetics, and the maximum tolerated dose of glofitamab. RESULTS Following initial single-patient cohorts, 171 patients were treated within conventional multipatient cohorts and received at least one dose of glofitamab. This trial included heavily pretreated patients with R/R B-NHL; most were refractory to prior therapy (155; 90.6%) and had received a median of three prior therapies. One hundred and twenty-seven patients (74.3%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, transformed follicular lymphoma, or other aggressive histology, and the remainder had indolent lymphoma subtypes. Five (2.9%) patients withdrew from treatment because of adverse events. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 86 of 171 (50.3%) patients (grade 3 or 4: 3.5%); two (1.2%) patients experienced grade 3, transient immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome-like symptoms. The overall response rate was 53.8% (complete response [CR], 36.8%) among all doses and 65.7% (CR, 57.1%) in those dosed at the recommended phase II dose. Of 63 patients with CR, 53 (84.1%) have ongoing CR with a maximum of 27.4 months observation. CONCLUSION In patients with predominantly refractory, aggressive B-NHL, glofitamab showed favorable activity with frequent and durable CRs and a predictable and manageable safety profile

Induction of detoxification systems in wild red mullet Mullus surmuletus after microplastic ingestion

Marine litter greatly affects marine species and ecosystems (1), however there is little evidence of physiological responses of vertebrates to plastic exposure. In this study, wild mullets Mullus surmuletus were obtained from fishing vessels operating in Mallorca Island (W Mediterranean). Stomach content analyses and identification under microscope determined that 28% of the samples had ingested microplastics. Liver samples of surmullets with and without microplastic ingestion were analysed to determine physiological effects. Results suggest an induction of the detoxification system in M. surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758 but no oxidative stress or cellular damage

Oleuropein and Cancer Chemoprevention: the Link is Hot

Cancer comprises a collection of related diseases characterized by the existence of altered cellular pathways resulting in an abnormal tendency for uncontrolled growth. A broad spectrum, coordinated, and personalized approach focused on targeting diverse oncogenic pathways with low toxicity and economic natural compounds can provide a real benefit as a chemopreventive and/or treatment of this complex disease. Oleuropein, a bioactive phenolic compound mainly present in olive oil and other natural sources, has been reported to modulate several oncogenic signalling pathways. This review presents and critically discusses the available literature about the anticancer and onco-suppressive activity of oleuropein and the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in the anticarcinogenic and therapeutic effects. The existence of limitations and the promising perspectives of research on this phenolic compound are also critically analyzed and discussed.This article is the outcome of an in-house financially non-supported study. A. Sureda was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality (CIBEROBN-B12/03/30038). A. Mocan acknowledges funding from UEFISCDI, Romania, project no. PNII-RU-TE-2014-4-1247.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fractal de Koch: análisis de respuestas de IA generativa y un profesor de matemática

En este trabajo se presentan resultados de explorar, analizar y comparar las respuestas que modelos de inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG) (ChaGPT 3.5, Bard y Bing Chat) y un profesor de matemática en servicio ofrecen a un problema en el que se involucra un fractal, y que podría ser estudiado en el nivel secundario argentino. El problema requiere del cálculo del área y el perímetro de un fractal particular, como lo es el copo de nieve de Koch. Este fractal tiene la particularidad de ser una curva con perímetro infinito, que encierra una región del plano de área finita. Para cada respuesta analizamos diferencias y similitudes de las resoluciones a partir de las siguientes categorías: Construcción del fractal, Cálculo de su perímetro y  Cálculo de su área. Se concluye que hay diferencias significativas entre los procedimientos, representaciones gráficas y validaciones de las respuestas obtenidas de los chatbots y el profesor. Alentamos el uso de recursos provenientes de la IAG siempre y cuando se analicen críticamente las respuestas que ofrecen

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel vs. Tisagenlecleucel for the Management of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in Spain

CAR T therapies axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) have been approved in Spain for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), given their favourable outcomes for overall survival and progression-free survival. However, the cost of these treatments must be weighed within the context of the Spanish health system. In this study, we assessed the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of axi-cel vs. tisa-cel from the Spanish National Health System perspective. Using commonly applied willingness-to-pay thresholds in Spain, our analysis shows that axi-cel is highly cost-effective when compared to tisa-cel in R/R DLBCL. These results could be used to support decision-making criteria for axi-cel financing. The study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) vs. tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after >= 2 lines of systemic therapy in Spain. A lifetime partitioned survival mixture cure model, which comprises pre-progression, post-progression, and death health states, was used to estimate the accumulated costs and outcomes in terms of life years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). A matching-adjusted indirect comparison was used to reweight patient-level data from ZUMA-1, the pivotal clinical trial for axi-cel, to aggregate-level data from the pivotal tisa-cel trial, JULIET. The analysis was performed from the National Health System perspective, thus only direct costs were included. Sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed. Axi-cel yielded 2.74 incremental LYG and 2.31 additional QALY gained per patient compared to tisa-cel. Total incremental lifetime costs for axi-cel versus tisa-cel were euro30,135/patient. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of axi-cel versus tisa-cel resulted in euro10,999/LYG and the incremental cost-utility ratio in euro13,049/QALY gained. SA proved robustness of the results. Considering the frequently assumed willingness-to-pay thresholds in Spain (euro22,000/QALY and euro60,000/QALY), axi-cel is a cost-effective treatment vs. tisa-cel for adult patients with R/R DLBCL in Spain

Impact of a long-term tobacco-free policy at a comprehensive cancer center: a series of cross-sectional surveys

Spain has passed two smoke-free laws in the last years. In 2005, the law banned smoking in indoor places, and in 2010 the ban was extended to outdoor areas of certain premises such as hospitals. This study assesses the impact of smoking consumption among hospital workers at a comprehensive cancer center after the passage of two national smoke-free laws. Six cross-sectional surveys were conducted among a representative sample of hospital workers at a comprehensive cancer center in Barcelona (20012012) using a standardized questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compare differences in the odds of smoking after the laws took effect (baseline vs. 1st law; 2nd law vs. 1st law). Baseline smoking prevalence was 33.1%. After passage of the 1st and 2nd laws, prevalence decreased, respectively, to 30.5% and 22.2% (p for trend =0.005). Prevalence ratios (PR) indicated a significant decrease in overall smoking after the 2nd law (PR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47-0-89). Smoking dropped in all professional groups, more prominently among those ≥35 years old, doctors, and women. Observed trends over the time included an increase in occasional smokers, a rise in abstinence during working hours but an increase in smoking dependence, and an increase in the employees' overall support for the smoke-free hospital project. A long-term tobacco control project combined with two smoke-free national laws reduced smoking rates among health workers and increased their support for tobacco control policies. The decrease was more significant after the passage of the outdoor smoke-free ban