Analisis Efisiensi Penggunaan Input Produksi Dan Pendapatan Petani Padi Sawah Di Desa Bangkir Kecamatan Dampal Selatan Kabupaten Tolitoli

This research has been implemented in Bangkir village of South Dampal District of Tolitoli Regency, the purpose to know 1) whether the input of land production, man power, seeds, and fertilizer are significance affect towards rice production at Bangkir village of South Dampal District. 2) to know that whether the production input using in the paddy rice land at Bangkir village of South Dampal District have reached efficient rate. 3) to know how big the income of rice paddy farmer in Bangkir Village of South Dampal District if is seen from the production which is obtained into for once weather planted. This research as like a survey an object has been decided with the target for 41 rice farmers in Bangkir Village of South Dampal District. To see the influence from each factors which is examined that\u27s used Cobb-Douglas analysis model which is made a transformation into multiple linear regression forms. The conclusion from this research either simultaneous or variable partial of land wide, man power, fertilizer and seed affect to the rice production in Bangkir Village. The input using of production indicate that the land is not efficiently, so that still probably increase the production input, but production input, man power, fertilizer and seeds are not efficiently

Komunitas Lamun Di Pulau Barranglompo Makassar: Kondisi Dan Karakteristik Habitat

Indication on seagrass decline has been observed in many places including Barranglompo Island of Makassar. Condition of damaged seagrass has significant impacts to the roles of seagrass as habitat, spawning ground, and feeding ground for various marine organisms and also role of seagrass as carbon absorbent and stocks. In order to provide a reference for appropriate seagrass management and conservation, it is required data on seagrass habitat. A research was done in Barranglompo Island, Makassar from December 2010 to November 2011. Seagrass condition was observed based on McKenzie et al. (2001) and Balestri et al. (2003). This research showed that large seagrass coverage was dispersed in southern, western and northern sides of the island. Meanwhile, seagrass spesies with wider distribution were E. acoroides, T. hemprichii and C.rotundata.Keywords : seagrass, Barranglompo Island, habitat characteristic

Efektivitas Konseling Gestalt Teknik Kursi Kosong untuk Meningkatkan Rasa Percaya Diri dalam Menghadapi Proses Pembelajaran pada Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2013/2014

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas konseling Gestalt teknik kursi kosong untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri siswa kelas VIII SMP laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII.1 dan VIII.5 SMP laboratorium Undiksha Singaraja, yang memiliki percaya diri yang rendah. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Pretes-Posttest Control Group Design. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data siswa yang rasa percaya dirinya rendah kemudian dianalisis dengan bantuan SPSS 16.0. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa konseling Gestalt dengan teknik kursi kosong dapat meningkatkan rasa percaya diri siswa, yang disimpulkan dari hasil analisis, thitung > ttabel dengan taraf signifikan 5% (6.672 > 2,776). Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima. Sebagai implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diwacanakan sebagai salah satu model pelatihan bagi guru pembimbing di sekolah-sekolah untuk meningkatkan rasa percaya diri siswa. Kata Kunci : Konseling Gestalt, Teknik Kursi Kosong, Percaya Diri The main aim of this study was to find out the effectiveness of Gestalt counseling empty chair technique to increase students self confident of VIII grade Laboratory Junior High School Undiksha Singaraja . The subject of this study was VIII.1 and VIII.5 Grades which is categories of low self confident student. The research method used Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The data collection method conducted through questionnaires. Questionnaires gained the data of low self confident student then analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Based on the data analyzed found that Gestal counseling empty chair technique could improve students self confident concluded by the result of analyzed, thitung > ttabel with significance point 5% (6.672 > 2,776). This analyzed shown that the hypothesis of this study accepted. p The implication of this study could be as a reference for teacher to improve students self confident. keyword : Gestalt Counseling , Empty Chair Technique, Self Confiden

Ralstonia syzygii, the Blood Disease Bacterium and Some Asian R. solanacearum Strains Form a Single Genomic Species Despite Divergent Lifestyles

The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex includes R. solanacearum, R. syzygii, and the Blood Disease Bacterium (BDB). All colonize plant xylem vessels and cause wilt diseases, but with significant biological differences. R. solanacearum is a soilborne bacterium that infects the roots of a broad range of plants. R. syzygii causes Sumatra disease of clove trees and is actively transmitted by cercopoid insects. BDB is also pathogenic to a single host, banana, and is transmitted by pollinating insects. Sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization studies indicated that despite their phenotypic differences, these three plant pathogens are actually very closely related, falling into the Phylotype IV subgroup of the R. solanacearum species complex. To better understand the relationships among these bacteria, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of R. syzygii strain R24 and BDB strain R229. These genomes were compared to strain PSI07, a closely related Phylotype IV tomato isolate of R. solanacearum, and to five additional R. solanacearum genomes. Whole-genome comparisons confirmed previous phylogenetic results: the three phylotype IV strains share more and larger syntenic regions with each other than with other R. solanacearum strains. Furthermore, the genetic distances between strains, assessed by an in-silico equivalent of DNA-DNA hybridization, unambiguously showed that phylotype IV strains of BDB, R. syzygii and R. solanacearum form one genomic species. Based on these comprehensive data we propose a revision of the taxonomy of the R. solanacearum species complex. The BDB and R. syzygii genomes encoded no obvious unique metabolic capacities and contained no evidence of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria occupying similar niches. Genes specific to R. syzygii and BDB were almost all of unknown function or extrachromosomal origin. Thus, the pathogenic life-styles of these organisms are more probably due to ecological adaptation and genomic convergence during vertical evolution than to the acquisition of DNA by horizontal transfer

Whales from space: Four mysticete species described using new VHR satellite imagery

© 2018 The Authors. Marine Mammal Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society for Marine Mammalogy. Large-bodied animals such as baleen whales can now be detected with very high resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, allowing for scientific studies of whales in remote and inaccessible areas where traditional survey methods are limited or impractical. Here we present the first study of baleen whales using the WorldView-3 satellite, which has a maximum spatial resolution of 31 cm in the panchromatic band, the highest currently available to nonmilitary professionals. We manually detected, described, and counted four different mysticete species: fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Ligurian Sea, humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) off Hawaii, southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) off Península Valdés, and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in Laguna San Ignacio. Visual and spectral analyses were conducted for each species, their surrounding waters, and nonwhale objects (e.g., boats). We found that behavioral and morphological differences made some species more distinguishable than others. Fin and gray whales were the easiest to discern due to their contrasting body coloration with surrounding water, and their prone body position, which is proximal to the sea surface (i.e., body parallel to the sea surface). These results demonstrate the feasibility of using VHR satellite technology for monitoring the great whales

Influences of Forest Structure on the Density and Habitat Preference of Two Sympatric Gibbons (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates lar)

Forest structure, defined as the three-dimensional vertical and horizontal distribution of canopy vegetation, has a great influence on the distribution patterns and abundance of forest primates. The complexity of this structural canopy produces a diverse range of microhabitats and distinct ecological niches,allowing ecologically similar species to coexist. Degradation of forests through anthropogenic factors significantly alters forest structure, and arboreal species such as gibbons are particularly vulnerable to these changes because of their reliance on canopy for survival. We investigated how forest structural variables influenced the density of two sympatric gibbon species (siamangs, Symphalangus syndactylus and lar gibbons, Hylobates lar) in Sikundur, a historically disturbed tropical lowland forest in north Sumatra. We used auditory sampling to establish group density in 10 locations and assessed structural characteristics of forest within 4–6 vegetation plots in each location. Lar gibbon group densities were 0.53–3.10 groups/km2and siamang group densities were lower, with 0.0–1.0 groups/km2. The densities of both species were positively influenced by median height of first bole and the percentage of canopy connectivity. Lar gibbon group density was positively related to large(diameter at breast height 30–100 cm), tall (20–25 m) trees with a large crown area (100–300 m2), while siamang group density showed no significant relationships with these variables. These findings show canopy connectivity and height to first bole are significant structural variables for the continued presence of both gibbon species although, ecologically similar species can be influenced by different levels of structural disturbance. This canopy structural variation between sympatric species existing in the same ecosystem allows forhome range overlap, low interspecific competition, and coexistence