A CLINICAL STUDY OF ROOKSHANA POORVAKA VIRECHANA KARMA IN PRE-DIABETES W.S.R. TO STHOULYA

We are in the era where human is running in short of time in order to achieve his goals and to fulfil his worldly luxurious desires and due to the sedentary life-style, a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity is found in almost all the age groups in the past few decades. Obesity is the major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus.Pre-diabetes is the precursor stage to diabetes mellitus in which not all of the symptoms required to label a person as diabetic are present, but blood sugar levels are at borderline or little higher than normal range but not high enough to diagnose as diabetes.The management of Prameha Poorvarupa is explained as Ubhayatashodhana specially in Madhyamvayas. In metropolitan cities like Bangalore person’s life style and food habits causes vitiations of Pitta Dosha. And Virechana is the ultimate kind of Shodhana In Pittaja Vikaras. Hence Vriechana is chosen As Shodhana procedure and to conduct Shodhana. Before conducting Shodhana Rookshana is to be done As Poorvakarma In Mamsala, Meduraa, Bhurishlema And Vishamagni Person.Hence, the study conducted here is in 10 Madhyam Vayas and Pre-diabetes patients, who were subjected to Triphaladi Udvartana which is discussed as Apatarpana yoga in Santarpaniya Adhyaya followed by Virechana. Statistically highly significant results were found in - Ati Trishna, Nidradhikyata, Sweda Adhikya, Angagouravata and Alasya and the objective parameters- body weight, BMI, circumference of hip, abdomen and thigh, skin fold thickness of biceps and triceps (p= <0.001).

The management of a complex elbow injury with transection of the brachial artery

Elbow dislocations are commonly encountered cases by orthopaedic surgeon. Vascular injury accompanying an elbow dislocation is a surgical challenge. The authors report a rare complication of complete transaction of the brachial artery following a posterior dislocation of the elbow joint. A fifty-year old male suffered a road traffic accident during which he injured his left elbow. Radiographs confirmed a posterior dislocation of the elbow joint. However the radial and ulnar pulse very not palpable. Arterial doppler confirmed injury to brachial artery. The patient was successfully treated and regained full functional use of his left upper limb. The aim of this report is to help readers understand why a vascular injury occurs following an elbow dislocations. A successful management of such injuries revolves around a prompt clinical diagnosis and early repair

ROLE OF PANCHAKARMA IN PARKINSONS DISEASE - A CASE STUDY

Parkinsons disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease result from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain; the cause of this cell death is unknown. Early in the course of disease symptoms include (1) shaking (tremor) (2)  rigidity (3) slowness of movement  (bradykinesia) and (4) difficulty with walking and gait (postural instability). Later, cognitive and behavioral problems may arise, with dementia commonly occurring in the advanced stages of the disease. Other symptoms include sensory, sleep and emotional problems. In Ayurveda, most of the diseases of the Vata are essentially the conditions of degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Kampa vata is one condition which is caused by imbalance of Vata. The treatment of Kampavata consists of both internal and external administration of drugs in different forms aimed to reverse the Vata imbalance. Here a case of 75 years male patient presented with tremors in both hands and postural instability and the pathology of which is to be identified with Dhatukshayaja Vata Vyadhi which is provisionally diagnosed as Kampavata and its line of treatment was adopted based on Nirupasthambita Vata Vyadhi Chikitsa. The present case reveals certain set of Panchakarma modalities of treatments showing significant improvement in the symptoms of Parkinsons disease without causing any side effects

Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan by bacteria and fungi

Large quantities of pesticides are applied on crops to protect them from pests in modern agricultural practices around the globe. The two insecticides, chlorpyrifos, belonging to the organophosphorous group and endosulfan, belonging to the organochlorine group, are vastly used insecticides on agricultural crops in the last three decades. Hence, both these insecticides are ubiquitous in the environment. Once applied, these two insecticides undergo transformation in the environment either biologically or non-biologically. Microbial degradation has been considered a safe and cost-effective method for removing contaminants from the environment. Both the insecticides have been subjected to biodegradation studies using various bacteria and fungi by the researchers. Here, in this review, we report on biotransformed products formed during the course of biodegradation of these two insecticides and also discuss about the aftereffects of their transformed metabolites. This is important, because the primary biotransformed metabolites 3,5,6, trichloro-2-pyridinol of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan sulfate of endosulfan are toxic as their parent compounds and are noxious to variety of organisms. In conclusion, it is recommended to obtain microbial cultures capable of mineralizing pesticides completely without formation of any such toxic by-product before adopting bioremediation or bioaugmentation technology

Biotransformation of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan by bacteria and fungi

Large quantities of pesticides are applied on crops to protect them from pests in modern agricultural practices around the globe. The two insecticides, chlorpyrifos, belonging to the organophosphorous group and endosulfan, belonging to the organochlorine group, are vastly used insecticides on agricultural crops in the last three decades. Hence, both these insecticides are ubiquitous in the environment. Once applied, these two insecticides undergo transformation in the environment either biologically or non-biologically. Microbial degradation has been considered a safe and cost-effective method for removing contaminants from the environment. Both the insecticides have been subjected to biodegradation studies using various bacteria and fungi by the researchers. Here, in this review, we report on biotransformed products formed during the course of biodegradation of these two insecticides and also discuss about the aftereffects of their transformed metabolites. This is important, because the primary biotransformed metabolites 3,5,6, trichloro-2-pyridinol of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan sulfate of endosulfan are toxic as their parent compounds and are noxious to variety of organisms. In conclusion, it is recommended to obtain microbial cultures capable of mineralizing pesticides completely without formation of any such toxic by-product before adopting bioremediation or bioaugmentation technology

Central Corneal Thickness in Patients with Dry Eye Disease

Background: Dry eye or Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is mainly due to decreased tears which causes eye visual disturbance and discomfort. Dry eye affects corneal thickness. Aims and Objectives: Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of dry eye disease on CCT with age and gender match controls. Materials and Methods: Two Hundred and twenty  subjects , 110 Patients are cases and 110 are controls. Subjects are from the Department of Ophthalmology  Narayana Medical college and Hospital Out patient Department are included in the the study. Dry eye disease diagnosed with questionnaire , Tear film Break up test , Schirmer’s test and slit lap examination . CCT is measures with Optical Pachymetry. T test was used to determine the significane of difference between two means. Results: In our study, there were 140 female patients and 80 male patients. The CCT among cases was very low (534.19 ?m±30.05) compared to controls (562.7 ?m±45.56) and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05. The difference in CCT among males between the two groups was statistically significant and it was highly significant among females. Conclusion: There is a significant decrease in CCT due to Dry eye Disease. Pachymetry for CCT estimation shall be included in the routine management of dry eye patients so that corneal thinning could be easy to identify earlier and treated earlie

Effect of chlorpyrifos on soil microbial diversity and its biotransformation by Streptomyces sp HP-11

The application of pesticides in agricultural fields not only reaches the target pests but also with soil where it interacts with soil microorganisms resulting in change of microbial diversity. Chlorpyrifos (CP) is one such organophosphorous insecticide most widely used against various insects, termites, and beetles throughout the globe. In the present work, the effect of CP on soil microbial population was assessed by the cultivable method. The fertile soil which does not have a history of any pesticide application was treated with 100 and 200 µg/g of CP along with control which received only sterile water and incubated for 1, 7, and 14 days. The soil amended with the insecticide showed decrease in the number of colony forming units (CFU) of bacteria and fungi. However, Streptomyces sp. HP-11 which tolerated high concentration and also inhibited fungal population was further selected for biodegradation studies. After 14 days of incubation in Mineral salt media (MSM), the strain HP-11 biotransformed CP into 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and Diethyl Phosphorothioate (DETP), and its formation was confirmed by the m/z peak of LC–MS analysis, which was later metabolized to unknown polar metabolites. The results obtained highlights that the application of chlorpyrifos favored the Actinomycete growth in the soil, thereby inhibiting other microorganisms and the strain HP-11 harbors metabolic pathway for detoxification of CP and its hydrolysis product TCP into polar metabolites, thus suggesting the strain HP-11 will be a potential bioaugmenting agent for the bioremediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil and water

Pellagra: A forgotten ailment in current clinical practice

We rarely come across deficiency of niacin in the current clinical practice. Deficiency of niacin (Vitamin B3) leads to pellagra with constellation of symptoms affecting gut, skin, and nervous system. We present a case of nutritional deficiency of niacin presenting as pellagra in a 45-year-old female. The patient was treated successfully with Vitamin B3 supplementation. Pellagra shall be considered in differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea when associated with skin lesions affecting sun-exposed areas

Enigmatic picture of Salmonella bacteremia with mycotic aneurysm and hepatitis

Salmonella bacteremia commonly presents as typhoid (enteric) fever in tropics. Seldom do we come across some of extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis such as mycotic aneurysm and hepatitis. We are submitting the case details of a 60-year-old male who presented with compressive features of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm and hepatitis. Ruptured mycotic aneurysm was accidentally discovered during imaging study of the spine. Such cases pose a diagnostic challenge and require meticulous search for cause

Isolation and identification of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria from sewage sludge

Screening of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria as an alternative source of biological removal of nitrogen compounds in polluted lake waters was carried by soil samples collected from the lake bed were subjected to primary and secondary enrichment were performed. Culture samples showing nitrate production were subjected to confirmatory test. Change of colour from pink to yellow and decrease in pH indicated the presence of nitrifying bacteria. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria isolated belonged to genus Bacillus sp. Isolation and characterization using 16s ribosomal RNA is in progress