A Histochemical Study on Lectin Binding Patterns of Acquired Cholesteatoma Matrix

Lectins are non-immune origin proteins or glycoproteins binding to specific carbohydrates in the cell, which have been widely used as probes in cytochemical and oncogenic studies. The authors investigated the lectin binding. patterns of the human acquired cholesteatoma matrix and compared them to those of normal ear canal skin. Using an enzyme histochemical method with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC), which is applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, the binding patterns of seven lectins were investigated ; concanavalin A(Con N, wheat germ agglutinin(WGN, Ricinus communis agglutinin(RCA-l), soybean agglutinin(SBA), peanut agglutinin(PNA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin(UEA-l) and Dolichos bifiorus agglutinin(DBN. The results observed under a light microscope were as follows : 1)The specificity of the lectin binding in cholesteatoma epithelium was confirmed in the control experiment. 2) SBA and UEA-l lectins did not show staining in the basal layer of the canal skin and tympanic membrane, but revealed positive staining in the basal layer of cholesteatoma. 3) DBA lectin showed negative staining in all 3 layers in both cholesteatoma and canal skin. From these results we can suggest that there is some altered carbohydrate specificity on the keratinocyte membrane of the chlolesteatoma that may lead to characteristic differentiation of cholesteatoma

Clinical Manifestations of Recurrent Parotid Pleomorphic Adenoma

Objectives. This study was undertaken to confirm the clinical characteristics of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (RPA), and to identify those factors that affect the development of malignant transformation (MT) from RPA. Methods. The medical records of 270 patients, who were operated upon for parotid PA, were retrospectively reviewed. The pathologic specimens of a selected series of 23 patients were reviewed for histologic subtype and microscopic multi-nodularity. Results. Mean age of initial operation in RPA without MT (RPA(-MT)) group was significantly lower than that of primary PA group. Mean age of the revision operation in RPA with MT (RPA(+MT)) group was significantly greater than that of RPA(-MT) group. Mean interval from operation to recurrence shortened after each revision operation. The risk of MT and additional recurrence increased significantly with recurrence. In RPA(-MT) group tumor recurrence occurred in 21.4% of patients despite a clear resection margin. Conclusion. The risk factors for MT may be an age of over 45 yr and multiple recurrences. However, younger patients are more at risk of recurrence. A clear resection margin cannot guarantee a cure in RPA, and it seems that parotid pleomorphic adenomas slowly gain malignant characteristics after repeated recurrences.SUH MW, 2005, KOREAN J HEAD NECK O, V21, P146HANNA EY, 2005, CUMMINGS OTOLARYNGOL, P1348Ghosh S, 2003, CLIN OTOLARYNGOL, V28, P262Glas AS, 2002, CANCER, V94, P2211, DOI 10.1002/cncr.10445Glas AS, 2001, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V23, P311BRADLEY PJ, 2001, CURR OPIN OTOLARYNGO, V9, P100Carew JF, 1999, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V121, P539Junquera L, 1999, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V21, P652Hancock BD, 1999, ANN ROY COLL SURG, V81, P299Bankamp DG, 1999, LARYNGO RHINO OTOL, V78, P77Hoorweg JJ, 1998, EUR J SURG ONCOL, V24, P452Henriksson G, 1998, CANCER, V82, P617Laskawi R, 1998, BRIT J ORAL MAX SURG, V36, P48Klijanienko J, 1997, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V19, P629Leverstein H, 1997, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V254, P313SunardhiWidyaputra S, 1995, PATHOL RES PRACT, V191, P1186PHILLIPS PP, 1995, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V104, P100BUCHMAN C, 1994, LARYNGOSCOPE, V104, P1231NATVIG K, 1994, HEAD NECK-J SCI SPEC, V16, P213JACKSON SR, 1993, J LARYNGOL OTOL, V107, P546MCGREGOR AD, 1988, BRIT J PLAST SURG, V41, P177FEE WE, 1978, LARYNGOSCOPE, V88, P265SEIFERT G, 1976, HNO, V24, P415NAEIM F, 1976, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V100, P271FRAZELL EL, 1954, CANCER, V7, P637

Chemocauterization of Congenital Fistula from the Accessory Parotid Gland

Congenital sialo-cutaneous fistula arising from the accessory parotid gland is extremely rare. Although the fistula tract can be successfully excised after making a skin incision along the skin tension line around the fistula opening, a facial scar inevitably remains. We here report a case of sialo-cutaneous fistula that was treated with chemocauterization with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). TCA cauterization is an easy and effective option for the treatment of congenital fistula from an accessory parotid gland, especially from the aesthetic point of view

5-lipoxygenase mediates docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide and N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine-induced reactive oxygen species production and inhibition of proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Abstract Background Endocannabinoids have recently drawn attention as promising anti-cancer agents. We previously observed that anandamide (AEA), one of the representative endocannabinoids, effectively inhibited the proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines in a receptor-independent manner. In this study, using HNSCC cell lines, we examined the anti-cancer effects and the mechanisms of action of docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and N-arachidonoyl-L-alanine (NALA), which are polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-based ethanolamides like AEA. Methods and Results DHEA and NALA were found to effectively inhibit HNSCC cell proliferation. These anti-proliferative effects seemed to be mediated in a cannabinoid receptor-independent manner, since the antagonist of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) and vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1), two endocannabinoid receptors, did not reverse the ability of DHEA and NALA to induce cell death. Instead, we observed an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a decrease of phosphorylated Akt as a result of DHEA and NALA treatment. Antioxidants efficiently reversed the inhibition of cell proliferation and the decrease of phosphorylated Akt induced by DHEA and NALA; inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which is expected to be involved in DHEA- and NALA-degradation pathway, also partially blocked the ability of DHEA and NALA to inhibit cell proliferation and phosphorylated Akt. Interestingly, ROS production as a result of DHEA and NALA treatment was decreased by inhibition of 5-LO. Conclusions From these findings, we suggest that ROS production induced by the 5-LO pathway mediates the anti-cancer effects of DHEA and NALA on HNSCC cells. Finally, our findings suggest the possibility of a new cancer-specific therapeutic strategy, which utilizes 5-LO activity rather than inhibiting it

Room Temperature Optical Anisotropy of a LaMnO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e Thin-Film Induced by Ultra-Short Pulse Laser

We observed ultra-short laser pulse-induced transient optical anisotropy in a LaMnO3 thin film. The anisotropy was induced by laser pulse irradiation with a fluence of less than 0.1 mJ/cm2 at room temperature. The transmittance and reflectance showed strong dependence on the polarization states of the pulses. For parallel and perpendicular polarization states, there exists a difference of approximately 0.2% for transmittance and 0.05% for reflectance at 0.3 ps after the irradiation with a pump pulse, respectively. The theoretical values for optical transmittance and reflectance with an assumption of an orbital ordering of 3d eg electrons in Mn3+ ions showed good agreement with the experimental results, demonstrating that the transient optical anisotropy in LaMnO3 thin film is due to the photo-induced symmetry-breaking of orbital ordering in excited states

Factors Related to Regional Recurrence in Early Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue

ObjectivesThis study analyzed various clinical and histopathologic factors for patients with early stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral tongue to define a high risk group for regional recurrence and finally to find out the indication of elective neck dissection (END).MethodsRetrospective chart review was performed for 63 patients with T1-T2N0 SCC of the oral tongue who underwent partial glossectomy with/without END. Clinical and histopathologic factors assessed were age, gender, clinical T stage, tumor cell differentiation, depth of invasion, pathologic nodal status, and intrinsic muscle involvement, perineural invasion, lymphovascular emboli and resection margin involvement.ResultsFive year overall survival rate was 97.1% in stage I and 76.2% in stage II, and 5-yr disease free survival rate was 76.7% in stage I and 43.5% in stage II. Rates of occult nodal metastasis in stage I and II were 15.4% and 42.9%, respectively. Overall regional recurrence rate was 15.9%, which consisted of 10.2% in stage I and 35.7% in stage II. The success rate of salvage treatment was 100% in stage I and 40% in stage II. Higher T stage, higher histologic grade, depth of invasion ≥3 mm, presence of intrinsic muscle involvement were significantly related to regional recurrence (P=0.035, P=0.011, P=0.016, P=0.009, respectively). In stage I, the non-END group (n=36) showed 13.9% of regional recurrence rate, while END group (n=13) did not have any regional recurrence (P=0.198). Five year disease free survival rate of END group was significantly higher than non-END group (100% and 68.7%, respectively, P=0.045).ConclusionWe recommend to perform END in early stage SCC of the oral tongue if the primary tumor has T2 stage, and T1 stage with higher histologic grade, depth of invasion more than 3 mm, or presence of intrinsic muscle involvement

Induction chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity: A role in organ preservation

Background/Aims: The role of induction chemotherapy (IC) for eyeball preservation has not been established in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) of the paranasal sinus and nasal cavity (PNSNC). Periorbital involvement frequently leads to eyeball exenteration with a margin of safety. We evaluated the treatment outcomes, including survival and eyeball preservation, of patients who received IC for HNSCC of the PNSNC. Methods: We reviewed 21 patients diagnosed with HNSCC of the PNSNC who were treated with IC. We analyzed response, eyeball preservation rate, and overall survival. Results: Tumors were located in the paranasal sinus (n = 14) or nasal cavity (n = 7). Most patients had stage T4a (n = 10) or T4b (n = 7) disease. More than half of the patients received a chemotherapy regimen of docetaxel, fluorouracil, and cisplatin (n = 11). Thirteen patients (61.9%) achieved a partial response after IC and 15 patients (71.4%) achieved T down-staging. Among 17 patients with stage T4 disease, which confers a high risk of orbital exenteration, 14 (82.4%) achieved preservation of the involved eye. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of patients who achieved a partial response to IC was 84.6%. The 3-year OS rate of patients with stable disease or disease progression after IC was 25.0% (p = 0.038). Conclusions: IC could be considered for down-staging patients with advanced T-stage disease. It could also be a reasonable option for eyeball preservation in locally advanced HNSCC of the PNSNC.

Clinical Analysis of Acinic Cell Carcinoma in Parotid Gland

ObjectivesAcinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) is a rarely encountered malignancy in parotid gland. Because AciCC is rare and was recently recognized as the entity of malignancy, AciCC has been difficult to study. We aimed to analyze the diagnosis and treatment experience for this malignancy in our hospital.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of the 20 patients with AciCC of parotid gland diagnosed from 1990 to 2009. The preoperative computed tomography scan, preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and intraoperative frozen section results were compared with the final diagnosis. The survival and recurrence were analyzed with the cancer stages and treatment modalities.ResultsThere were 10 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 44.4 years, ranging 8-77 years. The AJCC tumor stage distributions of the patients were 70%, 15%, and 15% for stages I, II, and IV, respectively. The sensitivity of FNAC and intraoperative frozen section was 26.7% and 50.0% respectively. The 10-year survival rate was 90.9% with a mean follow-up of 111 months, ranging 17-251 months. The 10-year disease free survival rate was 74.2% and the mean duration of recurrence from initial surgery was 92.3 months.ConclusionAciCC of the parotid gland is a rare malignancy that has features of less aggressive behavior, and good prognosis. Intraoperative frozen section examination may be helpful in the diagnosis of AciCC of the parotid gland because of the low sensitivity of preoperative computed tomography scan and FNAC. Surgery with adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy is satisfactory for disease control

Epidemiologic survey of head and neck cancers in Korea.

Head and neck cancers have never been systematically studied for clinical purposes yet in Korea. This epidemiological survey on head and neck cancer patients was undertaken from January to December 2001 in 79 otorhinolaryngology resident-training hospitals nationwide. The number of head and neck cancer patients was 1,063 cases in the year. The largest proportion of cases arose in the larynx, as many as 488 cases, which accounted for 45.9%. It was followed by, in order of frequency, oral cavity (16.5%), oropharynx (10.0%), and hypopharynx (9.5%). The male:female ratio was 5:1, and the mean age was 60.3 yr. Surgery was the predominant treatment modality in head and neck cancers: 204 (21.5%) cases were treated with only surgery, 198 (20.8%) cases were treated with surgery and radiotherapy, 207 cases (21.8%) were treated with combined therapy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Larynx and hypopharynx cancers had a stronger relationship with smoking and alcohol drinking than other primary site cancers. Of them, 21 cases were found to be metastasized at the time of diagnosis into the lung, gastrointestinal tract, bone, or brain. Coexisting second primary malignancies were found in 23 cases. At the time of diagnosis, a total of 354 cases had cervical lymph node metastasis accounting for 42.0%