Large Amount of Excess Argon in Hydrothermal Quartz from the Vangtat Orogenic Gold Belt, Southern Laos: New In-Sight from K-Ar and Noble Gas Isotope Analyses

K-Ar dating and He-3/He-4 and Ar-40/Ar-36 analyses were conducted on samples of hydrothermal quartz from the Thongkai-Ok Au deposit in the Vangtat orogenic Au belt of southern Laos to study the presence of excess argon in hydrothermal quartz and to better understand the origin of the ore-forming fluids. The K-Ar age of two hydrothermal quartz separates yielded apparent dates of 1040 and 1385 Ma. These ages are significantly older than the estimated age of Vangtat Au mineralization (similar to 200 Ma) and other regional geologic events, indicating the presence of an extraordinary amount of excess argon in the hydrothermal quartz crystals. In vacuo crushing analyses of the Thongkai-Ok hydrothermal vein quartz delivered He-3/He-4 approximate to 0.2-0.3 R/Ra and Ar-40/Ar-36 approximate to 455-725, suggesting the ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from a crustal component with a minor contribution of mantle and meteoric fluids

Volcanology and inflation structures of an extensive basaltic lava flow in the Payenia Volcanic Province, extra-Andean back arc of Argentina

El flujo de lava El Puesto se localiza en la Provincia Volcánica de Payenia (centro-oeste de Argentina), tiene una longitud de 70 km y se emplazó en el Pleistoceno medio (0,200±0,027 Ma). La colada muestra una estructura de flujos pahoehoe tipo “P” y exhibe numerosas estructuras de inflación como túmulos, dorsales de inflación y elevaciones de techo plano. Los pozos y las fracturas radiales o anulares de inflación son rasgos comunes asociados a estas estructuras. La colada El Puesto se movilizó sobre una pendiente suave (≈0,5 °) que favoreció la coalescencia lateral de lóbulos en el frente de la colada y el desarrollo de una corteza externa rígida que aisló térmicamente el núcleo de lava líquida. Los túneles de lava son frecuentes y el túnel de lava conocido como “Cueva de Halada”, situado en la porción media del flujo, es un excelente ejemplo de un túnel maestro drenado que se formó a partir del enfriamiento de la corteza externa alrededor de un flujo inflado estable. Los alineamientos de túmulos y las extensas dorsales de inflación revelan la existencia de túneles mayores sin drenar en el interior del flujo. Las estructuras de inflación pueden concentrarse en fajas alargadas que convergen hacia una única faja principal, lo que se interpreta como producto de una red anastomosada de vías internas de transporte del flujo dentro del cuerpo de lava principal. El desarrollo de estructuras de inflación y túneles de lava requieren de tasas de efusión moderadas a bajas. Se estimó una tasa promedio de suministro de lava de 1,8x10-4 m3 /s y un tiempo de inflación de aproximadamente 15 días para un túmulo típico de esta colada. Se infirió un suministro alto y sostenido de lava de baja viscosidad (η’=1550-483 Pa s) que inicialmente generó un flujo tabular de gran extensión areal. La reducción en las tasas de efusión permitió luego, el desarrollo de túneles a través de los cuales la lava se transportaba hacia los frentes distales, generando fenómenos de inflación localizada en todo el ámbito de la colada.The El Puesto lava flow is located in the Payenia Volcanic Province (central-western Argentina), has a length of 70 km and is Middle Pleistocene in age (0.200±0.027 Ma). The flow shows a P-type pahoehoe structure and exhibits several inflation structures, mainly tumuli and also inflation ridges and lava rises. Lava rise pits and radial or annular clefts are common features associated with inflation structures. The gentle slope on which the flow moved (≈0.5°) allowed the lateral coalescence of lobes at the flow front and the development of an external rigid crust that insulated the liquid core. Lava tunnels are frequent and the lava tunnel named “Cueva de Halada” which is located at its medium portion is the best example of a drainage master tube which formed from the cooling of the crust around a stable inflated flow. Tumuli alignments and long inflation ridges reveal the existence of larger tunnels within the flow. Inflation structures may occur in high concentration belts that converge on a single main belt which is assigned to an anastomosed network of internal flow pathways within the main lava body. The development of inflation structures and lava tunnels require low to moderate effusion rates. An average lava supply rate of 1.8x10-4 m3 /s and an inflation time of about 15 days were estimated for an average tumulus of this flow. A high and sustained supply of low viscosity lava (η’=1550-483 Pa s) was inferred that initially generated a sheet flow of great areal extension. The reduction in effusion rates could then allowed the development of tunnels that carried lava to the distal fronts, generating localized inflation phenomena throughout the lava flow.Fil: Bernardi, Mauro Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Bertotto, Gustavo Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Ponce, Alexis Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Orihashi, Yuji. University Of Tokyo; JapónFil: Sumino, Hirochika. University Of Tokyo; Japó

Noble Gases in the Chelyabinsk Meteorites

The Chelyabinsk meteorite fell in Russia on February 15, 2013 and was classified as LL5 chondrite. The diameter before it entered the atmosphere has been estimated to be about 20 m [1]. Up to now, numerous fragments weighing much greater than 100 kg in total have been collected. In this study, all noble gases were measured for 13 fragments to investigate the exposure history of the Chelyabinsk meteorite and the thermal history of its parent asteroid

Accurate determination of the absolute 3He/4He ratio of a synthesized helium standard gas (Helium Standard of Japan, HESJ): Towards revision of the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio

The helium standard of Japan, referred to as HESJ, is an inter-laboratory standard for the 3He/4He ratio. While the ratio of 3He and 4He of the HESJ was previously determined by a relative comparison to atmospheric helium, the absolute value of the 3He/4He ratio of the HESJ has not been directly determined yet. Therefore, it relies on the early measurements of that of atmospheric helium. The accuracy of the absolute 3He/4He ratios of the atmosphere and other working standards including HESJ is crucial in some applications of helium isotopes, such as tritium-3He dating, surface-exposure age determination based on cosmogenic 3He, and the accurate measurement of the neutron lifetime. In this work, new control samples of helium gases with 3He/4He ratios of 14, 28, and 42 ppm were fabricated with accuracy of 0.25-0.38% using a gas-handling system for a neutron lifetime experiment at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). The relative 3He/4He ratios of these samples and the HESJ were measured using a magnetic-sector-type, single-focusing, noble gas mass spectrometer with a double collector system. As a result, the absolute 3He/4He ratio of the HESJ was determined as 27.36 +/- 0.11 ppm. The atmospheric 3He/4He ratio was determined as 1.340 +/- 0.006 ppm, based on this work.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, 4 table

Volcanology and geochronology of very long Neogene-Quaternary basaltic flows from southeast Payenia, central-west Argentina

Las coladas de lava basáltica consideradas en este estudio, se encuentran localizadas en el sureste de la provincia volcánica de Payenia, Argentina, y presentan longitudes variables entre 40 y 181 km. Estas exhiben secciones transversales caracterizadas por cortezas vesiculares externas que envuelven un núcleo masivo portador de estructuras vesiculadas por lo que fueron definidas como flujos pahoehoe de tipo P. En base a su topografía superficial se establecieron 2 tipos de flujos: laminares y hummocky. Los primeros se emplazaron a través de inflación y coalescencia lateral de lóbulos en el frente del flujo, dando lugar a coladas de techos planos y gran amplitud lateral. Los segundos exhiben un microrelieve otorgado por estructuras de inflación local (e.g., túmulos). Se propone que las coladas se emplazaron inicialmente como flujos laminares bajo un régimen de altas tasas de efusión sobre pendientes de bajo ángulo (<1,5º) sometidas a un proceso de inflación generalizado. La reducción gradual del suministro lávico restringió la circulación de lava a una red interna de túneles que condujo a procesos de inflación localizados. Se plantea además que el notable desarrollo longitudinal de estas coladas es el resultado del transporte de lava a través de túneles en conjunto con muy bajos valores de viscosidad (9 a 38 Pa s) y tasas de enfriamiento. Nuevas edades K-Ar (unspiked) para algunas de las coladas de lavas estudiadas indican valores de 2,85±0,18 Ma (colada Pampa de Luanco), 0,862±0,056 Ma (colada basal de la Meseta Basáltica Valle del Colorado) y 0,200±0,027 Ma (colada El Puesto), que en conjunto con datos radimétricos previos permiten establecer un lapso de tiempo comprendido entre los ~5 Ma y ~0,2 Ma para la emisión de estos flujos lávicos.Volcanology and geochronology of very long Neogene-Quaternary basaltic flows from southeast Payenia, central-west Argentina. The basaltic lava flows located in the southeast of Payenia Volcanic Province, Argentina, show lengths between 40 and 181 km. These flows have transversal sections characterized by external vesicular crusts that surround a massive core hosting vesiculated structures. These characteristics defined them as P-type pahoehoe flows. Based on their surface topography, 2 types of flows were determined: sheet flows and hummocky flows. The first were emplaced through inflation and lateral coalescence of lobes in the front of the flow, giving rise to flat roofs and large lateral width. The second ones exhibit a microrelief given by local inflation structures (e.g., tumuli). It is proposed that the lava flows were initially emplaced as sheet flows on low angle slopes (<1.5º), under a regime of high effusion rates which led to a generalized inflation process. The gradual reduction of the lava supply restricted the circulation of lava to an internal network of tunnels that led to localized inflation processes. It is further stated that the remarkable longitudinal development of these flows is the result of the lava delivery through tunnels together with very low viscosity values (9 to 38 Pa s) and low cooling rates. New K-Ar (unspiked) ages were obtained for some of the flows with values of 2.85±0.18 Ma (Pampa de Luanco flow), 0.862±0.056 Ma (basal flow of the Valle del Colorado Basaltic Plateau) and 0.200±0.027 Ma (El Puesto flow) while in conjunction with other previous radiometric data, a time lapse between ~5 Ma and ~0.2 Ma was established for the emission of these flows.Fil: Bernardi, Mauro Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Bertotto, Gustavo Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; ArgentinaFil: Orihashi, Yuji. University of Tokyo; JapónFil: Sumino, Hirochika. University of Tokyo; JapónFil: Ponce, Alexis Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa; Argentin

Recycled Components in Mantle Plumes Deduced From Variations in Halogens (Cl, Br, and I), Trace Elements, and He-3/He-4 Along the Hawaiian-Emperor Seamount Chain

Halogens are primarily located within surface reservoirs of the Earth; as such they have proven to be effective tracers for the identification of subducted volatiles within the mantle. Subducting lithologies exhibit a wide variety of halogen compositions, yet the mantle maintains a fairly uniform signature, suggesting halogens may be homogenized during subduction to the mantle or during eruption. Here we present halogen (Cl, Br, and I), K, noble gas, and major and trace element data on olivines from three seamounts along the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain to determine if the deep mantle source has retained evidence of halogen heterogeneities introduced through subduction. High Ni contents indicate that the Hawaiian-Emperor mantle source contains a recycled oceanic crust component in the form of pyroxenite, which increases from the 46% in the oldest (Detroit) to 70% in the younger seamount (Koko). Detroit seamount retains mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB)-like Br/Cl and I/Cl, while the Br/Cl and I/Cl of Suiko and Koko seamounts are higher than MORB and similar to altered oceanic crust and dehydrated serpentinite. Helium isotopes show a similar evolution, from MORB-like values at Detroit seamount toward higher values at Suiko and Koko seamounts. The correlation between pyroxenite contributions, Br/Cl, I/Cl, and He-3/He-4 indicates that subducted material has been incorporated into the primordial undegassed Hawaiian mantle plume source. The identification of recycled oceanic crustal signatures in both the trace elements and halogens indicates that subduction and dehydration of altered oceanic crust may exert control on the cycling of volatile elements to the deep mantle

The acid crater lake of Taal Volcano, Philippines: hydrogeochemical and hydroacoustic data related to the 2010–11 volcanic unrest

Studies of the water chemistry of Taal crater lake and echo-sounding surveys have provided new insights into its chemical and physical dynamics. During the volcano-seismic unrest of April 2010–June 2011, the waters of Taal crater lake showed changes in chemical composition and increases in CO2 emissions associated with the seismic unrest. The chemical and isotopic data show that the lake water has contributions from both seawater and meteoric water and receives injections of deep hydrothermal water and gases during periods of intense volcano-seismic unrest. These inflationary periods may lead to faulting of the impermeable cap rock that usually seals the deeper Taal hydrothermal reservoir in response to degassing and convective movements in the underlying Taal magma chamber.Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias, EspañaEnvironmental Research Division, Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, EspañaAgencia Insular de Energía de Tenerife, EspañaÁrea de Geología Marina, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaInstitute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, AustraliaPhilippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, FilipinasGeochemical Research Center, The University of Tokyo, JapónEarth & Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Estados UnidosPeer reviewe

Fundamental physics activities with pulsed neutron at J-PARC(BL05)

"Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP/ BL05)" at MLF in J-PARC is a beamline for studies of fundamental physics. The beamline is divided into three branches so that different experiments can be performed in parallel. These beam branches are being used to develop a variety of new projects. We are developing an experimental project to measure the neutron lifetime with total uncertainty of 1 s (0.1%). The neutron lifetime is an important parameter in elementary particle and astrophysics. Thus far, the neutron lifetime has been measured by several groups; however, different values are obtained from different measurement methods. This experiment is using a method with different sources of systematic uncertainty than measurements conducted to date. We are also developing a source of pulsed ultra-cold neutrons (UCNs) produced from a Doppler shifter are available at the unpolarized beam branch. We are developing a time focusing device for UCNs, a so called "rebuncher", which can increase UCN density from a pulsed UCN source. At the low divergence beam branch, an experiment to search an unknown intermediate force with nanometer range is performed by measuring the angular dependence of neutron scattering by noble gases. Finally the beamline is also used for the research and development of optical elements and detectors. For example, a position sensitive neutron detector that uses emulsion to achieve sub-micrometer resolution is currently under development. We have succeeded in detecting cold and ultra-cold neutrons using the emulsion detector.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings of International Conference on Neutron Optics (NOP2017

Origin of Alkaline Basalt Volcanism Inferred from Noble Gas Isotopic Systematics : Implications for Mantle Dynamics in Back Arc Region of Subduction Zone

報告番号: 乙15021 ; 学位授与年月日: 2001-04-09 ; 学位の種別: 論文博士 ; 学位の種類: 博士(理学) ; 学位記番号: 第15021号 ; 研究科・専攻: 理学系研究