Plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in Turkey.

This study was conducted for typing Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in Turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid DNA profile analysis. Fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. The samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of Turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. The strains were determined to belong to 4 different serovars. The Salmonella enterica strains belonged to the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 23), Salmonella Infantis (n = 14), Salmonella Munchen (n = 2), and Salmonella Typhi (n = 3). Forty-two Salmonella enterica strains were typed with PFGE methods using XbaI restriction enzyme and plasmid analysis. At the end of typing, 11 different PFGE band profiles were obtained. Four different PFGE profiles (type 1, 4, 9, and 10) were found among serotype S. Enteritidis species, 3 different PFGE profiles (type 3, 5, 6) were found among S. Infantis species, 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Typhi species (type 2 and 11), and 2 different PFGE profiles were found among S. Munchen species (type 7, 8). The UPGMA dendrogram was built on the PFGE profiles. In this study, it was determined that 4 strains of 42 Salmonella enterica strains possess no plasmid, while the isolates have 1-3 plasmids ranging from 5.0 to 150 kb and making 12 different plasmid profiles (P1-P12). In this study, we have applied the analysis of the PFGE patterns and used bioinformatics methods to identify both inter and intra serotype relationships of 4 frequently encountered serotypes for the first time in Turkey

Examples of representative PFGE fingerprinting patterns of <i>S. enteritidis</i>, <i>S. typhi</i>, and <i>S. infantis</i> strains after restriction with SpeI enzymes.st31, st23, st4, st39, st35, st25, st27; M: PFGE marker (Supercoiled DNA, USA).

<p>Examples of representative PFGE fingerprinting patterns of <i>S. enteritidis</i>, <i>S. typhi</i>, and <i>S. infantis</i> strains after restriction with SpeI enzymes.st31, st23, st4, st39, st35, st25, st27; M: PFGE marker (Supercoiled DNA, USA).</p

Characterization of Klebsiella isolates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and determination of antimicrobial resistance with VITEK 2 advanced expert system (AES)

WOS: 000365510300024PubMed ID: 26775392Background/aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance of the VITEK mass spectrometry (MS) (bioMerieux, France) system for the identification of Klebsiella spp. isolated from different sources. Moreover, while assessing the ability of the VITEK 2 automated expert system (AES) to recognize antimicrobial resistance patterns, the researchers have extended the study to compare VITEK 2 with the routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing method. Materials and methods: This study tested 51 Klebsiella spp. isolates that were isolated from environmental examples and clinical examples. Results of conventional methods and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS were compared. Then, any differing results were compared against a reference 16S rRNA gene sequence, and when indicated, a recA sequencing analysis was done. Results: VITEK MS correctly identified 100% of the Klebsiella spp. isolates. There were two K. oxytoca isolates incorrectly identified to the species level with conventional methods according to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. In addition, a VITEK 2 AST-N261 card was used for the detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Using the VITEK 2 AES, ESBL positivity was found at the rate of 16.3% whereas this rate was 4.08% using the disk diffusion method. Conclusion: MALDI-TOF MS is a rapid and accurate method for the identification of Klebsiella spp. Moreover, the bioMerieux AES provides a useful laboratory tool for the interpretation of susceptibility results

Distribution of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars.

<p>Distribution of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovars.</p

Antibiotic resistance profiles.

<p>NA, nalidixic acid; AMP, ampicillin; TE, tetracycline; SXT; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.</p

Evaluation of the relationship between southwest wind parameters and hospital applications related to headache symptoms

Although it is known that headache can be caused by many factors, it is difficult to assess whether it is related to meteorological data. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between headache observed in patients presenting to emergency units and the Southwest wind parameters.This was a prospective study including patients over 18 years of age who had presented to the University of Health Sciences Umraniye Education and Research Hospital emergency unit with headache symptoms between 01.01.2017 and 31.06.2017. The patient data were compared to the parameter presence of southwest wind, which was obtained from the Forests, Water Sources and Meteorology Directorate Office of Republic of Turkey. Records that were determined to comprise insufficient data were excluded during the data collection. A total of 286 patients were investigated in our prospective study. 93 patients (32.5%) had presented on days when there was southwest wind. 187 had no diagnosed type of headache and were evaluated to have primary headache. Primary headache was more common in patients with no wind exposure, which was statistically significant (p [Med-Science 2020; 9(1.000): 150-3

ROTAVIRUS AND ADENOVIRUS IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AND THE MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ROTAVIRUS

Conclusion: Regarding the high frequency of rotavirus infection, continuous monitoring is needed in gastroenteritis prevention programs for treatment and to provide information about the occurrence of new rotavirus strains

Prevalence of Rotavirus Genotypes in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age before the Introduction of a Universal Rotavirus Vaccination Program: Report of Rotavirus Surveillance in Turkey

Background: Group A rotaviruses are the most common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among children less than 5 years of age throughout the world. This sentinel surveillance study was aimed to obtain baseline data on the rotavirus G and P genotypes across Turkey before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program

Prevalence of rotavirus genotypes in children younger than 5 years of age before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program: Report of Rotavirus Surveillance in Turkey

PubMedID: 25437502Background: Group A rotaviruses are the most common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis among children less than 5 years of age throughout the world. This sentinel surveillance study was aimed to obtain baseline data on the rotavirus G and P genotypes across Turkey before the introduction of a universal rotavirus vaccination program. Methods: Rotavirus antigen-positive samples were collected from 2102 children less than 5 years of age who attended hospitals participating in the Turkish Rotavirus Surveillance Network. Rotavirus antigen was detected in the laboratories of participating hospitals by commercial serological tests such as latex agglutination, immunochromatographic test or enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using consensus primers detecting the VP7 and VP4 genes, followed by semi-nested type-specific multiplex PCR. Results: RT-PCR found rotavirus RNA in 1644 (78.2%) of the samples tested. The highest rate of rotavirus positivity (38.7%) was observed among children in the 13 to 24 month age group, followed by children in the age group of 25 to 36 months (28.3%). A total of eight different G types, six different P types, and 42 different G-P combinations were obtained. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3, and G9) and two common P types (P[8] and P[4]) accounted for 95.1% and 98.8% of the strains, respectively. G9P[8] was the most common G/P combination found in 40.5% of the strains followed by G1P[8] (21.6%), G2P[8] (9.3%), G2P[4] (6.5%), G3P[8] (3.5%), and finally, G4P[8] (3.4%). These six common genotypes included 83.7% of the strains tested in this study. The rate of uncommon genotypes was 14%. Conclusion: The majority of the strains analyzed belonged to the G1-G4 and G9 genotypes, suggesting high coverage of current rotavirus vaccines. This study also demonstrates a dramatic increase in G9 genotype across the country. © 2014 Durmaz et al

Geographical distribution of 42 different rotavirus G and P genotype combinations in Turkey from August 2012 to July 2014.

<p>N, non-typeable G and/or P genotype; Mixed, presence of multiple genotypes in the same stools.</p><p>Geographical distribution of 42 different rotavirus G and P genotype combinations in Turkey from August 2012 to July 2014.</p