Formulation and Evaluation of Skin Anti-aging Nanocream Containing Canola (Brassica napus L.) Oil

Canola (Brassica napus L.) oil high in vitamin E is good for skin care. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant that protects our skin from free radical damage and keeps the skin elasticity, evenness, reduces blemishes, acne scars, and slows down the skin’s aging. This study aimed to formulate canola oil nano cream and find out canola oil nano cream gives a higher anti-aging effect than canola oil cream. Nanocream as anti-aging formulated in four variations of canola oil concentration 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% and 10%. Nanocream was tested IC50, and observed the characteristics and stability. Then, continue to irritation test and anti-aging activity of nanocream compared with cream on the skin of volunteers. The result showed that nanocream of variation canola oil was in a different color and distinctive smell. The preparation was stable in 12 weeks room temperature storage, homogenous, and no phase separation. Particle size was 5882.17 nm, 348.47 nm, 321.16 nm, 318.16 nm initially and increased after 12 weeks. There was no irritation, and anti-aging activity was higher than cream. Canola oil can be formulated as nanocream, stable in 12 weeks storage, and nano cream has higher anti-aging activity than cream

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Rhaphidophora pinnata (L.F) Schott Leaf Extract

BACKGROUND: Cancer growth is influenced by many factors and in general it is an interaction between gene factors and environmental factors, especially the microenvironment that exists around cancer. The inflammatory response plays a decisive role in various stages of cancer growth. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves. METHODS: R. pinnata leaf extract was obtained by percolation method using 96% ethanol as the solvent at room temperature. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined based on the paw edema method. Thirty male albino mice were treated orally with sodium carboxyl cellulose suspension (as negative control group), R. pinnata leaf extract (35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/kgBW), and diclofenac (as positive control group), 60 min before 0.2 mL 1% carrageenan injection. The paw thickness was measured using plethysmometer before injecting the carrageenan and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h. RESULTS: The subplantar injection of carrageenan caused a time-dependent paw edema in the mice. Oral administration of R. pinnata leaf extract inhibited paw swelling at 1, 2, 3 4, 5, and 6 h after carrageenan injection. R. pinnata leaf extracts doses of 35, 70, 140, and 280 mg/kgBW gave a percentage inhibition of 56.56%, 56.18%, 62.77%, and 49.30%, respectively. The effective dose of R. pinnata leaf extract as an anti-inflammatory was 140 mg/kgBW. CONCLUSION: Ethanol extract of R. pinnata leaf has anti-inflammatory activity in male albino mice

FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING BEADS OF AMOXICILLIN USING PECTIN FROM BANANA PEEL (MUSA BALBISIANA ABB)

 Objective: The study aimed to investigate the characteristic pectin from banana peels (Musa balbisiana ABB) and formulation as a polymeric carrier in gastrorententive floating beads.Methods: Pectin from banana peel was isolated using a citric acid solvent with varying concentration (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) at 80°C for 90 min. Characterization of pectin included determination of yield, equivalent weight methoxyl content (Me), galacturonic acid (GaA), and degree esterification. Floating beads of amoxicillin prepared by the ionotropic gelation method used calcium ion as cross-linking and sodium bicarbonate as gas-forming agent. Three formulations of amoxicillin were formulated using different percentage of pectin. The prepared beads were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, morphological study, floating lag time, floating time, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, and study of drug release kinetics.Results: The result showed citric acid concentration 7.5% was optimum condition for isolated pectin from banana peels with the percent of yield was 9.51%; 6.29% Me; 62.82% GaA; and degree of esterification 48.46%. Floating time of beads was ≥12 h and drug entrapment efficiency F3 was highest (51%). In vitro drug release confirmed F3 was the best formulation as it releases 92% at 5 h with followed Higuchi model kinetics drug release. Floating beads amoxicillin showed differences of drug release compared with conventional dosage form of amoxicillin (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed these beads can entrap amoxicillin and also can successfully deliver the drug targeted stomach for a prolong duration drug release

Cyclin D1, Caspase 9 and P53 Expressions in T47D Cell Lines after Treatment of Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles

BACKGROUND: The application of nanotechnology is aimed to enhance the capability of the chemical compounds of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. leaves activity. The contact area of the particle surface becomes larger in nano size, which can increase the amount of the isolated active substance. The nanoparticles of this extract exhibited the most effective impact in decreasing the cell number of T47D by induction of apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle. AIM: To evaluate the expressions of cyclin D1, caspase-9 and p53 in T47D cell lines treated by Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles (PAEEN). METHODS: The inhibition of cyclin D1 was done by flow cytometry assay. The expression of cyclin D1, caspase-9 and p53 were observed by immunocytochemistry assay. RESULTS: Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles (PAEEN) on concentration IC50 (89.2 µg/mL) inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 around 5.59%. Further, the immunocytochemistry assay indicated that there was an inhibition of cyclin D1, upregulation of caspase-9 and restoration of p53, indicated by their expression. CONCLUSIONS: The Plectranthus amboinicus, (Lour.) Spreng. Leaves Ethanolic Extract Nanoparticles could be an effective anticancer by improving its downregulation on cyclinD1, upregulation caspase-9 and p53

Efektivitas Latihan Relaksasi Autogenik terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pada Pasien Pascaoperasi Fraktur

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation exercises on pain intensity in post-operative fracture patients at Advent, Royal Prima, and Murni Teguh Medan Hospitals. This research method is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. Sampling used non-probability sampling with the convenience sampling method. The respondents in this study were 24-hour post-surgical fracture patients who were hospitalized, totaling 78 respondents consisting of 39 respondents in the intervention group and 39 respondents in the control group. Data analysis used Mann-Whitney statistical test analysis. The results showed that p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05). In conclusion, autogenic relaxation exercises are effective in reducing pain intensity in patients after fracture surgery and are recommended as a nursing intervention and alternative therapy to reduce pain intensity in patients after fracture surgery.   Keywords: Autogenic Relaxation Exercise, Fracture, Pain

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOPROFEN TRANSDERMAL MATRIX PATCH CONTAINING DIFFERENT POLYMER COMPONENTS

Objective: The present study is to formulate and evaluate the ketoprofen transdermal matrix patch which containing different polymer components.Methods: The transdermal matrix patch of ketoprofen was formulated using four formulas using polyethylene glycol 400, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30, and ethyl cellulose as the polymer. The transdermal matrix patch was evaluated for various physicochemical characteristics and drug contain. The interaction between the polymers and ketoprofen was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared.Results: Surfactants, cosurfactants, and oils used for the nanoemulsion formula are tween 80, ethanol, and isopropyl myristate (IPM). Formulation of ketoconazole nanoemulsion with comparison of tween 80 concentration with ethanol (smix) 4:1 and smix with oil 9:1 was found that the formulae F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, and F7 are unstable and formulae F8, F9, F10, F11, and F12 are stable at the period of manufacture. The best physical stability tests from F8, F9, F10, F11, and F12 are F10.Conclusions: Optimization of ketoconazole nanoemulsion formula was obtained at tween 80 36% concentration, 9% ethanol, and IPM 5

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH WAJIB KELAS X DI SMA MTA SURAKARTA TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015

ABSTRACT Sayyidah Sumaiyah. THEIMPLEMENTATION OF CURRICULUM 2013 OF HISTORY SUBJECT IN CLASS X SMA MTA SURAKARTA ON ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2014/2015.Thesis. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Sebelas Maret University of Surakarta.January, 2016. The research purposes were: 1) determined the history teacher’s understanding of SMA MTA Surakarta on Curriculum 2013, 2) investigated the implementation of the history learning process of Class X SMA MTA Surakarta in order to implemented the Curriculum 2013, 3) identified the obstacles encountered in the implementation of Curriculum 2013 of history subjects in class X SMA MTA Surakarta, 4) found out the solutions to the obstacles faced in the implementation of Curriculum 2013 history subjects in class X SMA MTA Surakarta. This is qualitative descriptive research study type.The research was taken place in SMA MTA Surakarta in the second semester of academic year of 2014/2015.The research was conducted from April to May 2015. The subjects were students, history teacher, vice principal of curriculum department, and the principal of SMA MTA Surakarta. The data collecting techniques were used interview, observation and document analysis.The data validity tests were used data and method triangulations.The analysis technique was used the interactive model.The study procedures were consisted stage of pre-research, fieldwork, data analysis, and report preparation. The results were showed that: 1) history teachers already understand the Curriculum 2013 that emphasized the active learning with a full assessment including assessment of attitudes, knowledge, and skills.2) The implementation of the history learning process based on Curriculum 2013 has been implemented fairly well, ranging from the learning preparation, the learning implementation in the classroom through the assessment.3) The problems were faced in the implementation of Curriculum 2013 of history subject in class X are the students’ understanding ability are different, assessment, and insufficient time available, 4) the solutions were given to deal with the problems are by asking the students to asked both the teacher in the classroom or to a friend at school and while studying at the dorm when having trouble of learning understanding, the school was provided a assessment form to facilitated the teachers in the assessment, and the teachers must be maximized the time available to work around utilizing a variety of learning resources which can be obtained from a variety of media. The study conclusions is the implementation of Curriculum 2013 of history subject in class X SMA MTA Surakarta has been running well even though there are still some obstacles. Keywords: Implementation of Curriculum 2013, the History Subject of Class

Effect of Lavender Inhalation Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in Cancer Patients at Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital

Sleep is a physiological human need. Sleep disorders can affect a person's quality of life. One of the complementary therapies is aromatherapy, which can improve one's sleep quality non-pharmacologically. This study aims to identify the effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy intervention on sleep quality in cancer patients. The research method used is quantitative or quantitative design with a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent approach. The sampling technique is a non-probability sampling technique, namely the convenience sampling method. Respondents to this study were hospitalized cancer patients totaling 100 respondents consisting of 50 respondents for the intervention group and 50 respondents for the control group. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The sleep quality measurement instrument used is the Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and independent t-test. The results of the study found an effect of lavender inhalation aromatherapy on improving sleep quality in cancer patients with a p-value (p=0.000). Conclusion Lavender inhalation aromatherapy can improve sleep quality in cancer patients and is recommended as a nursing intervention and alternative therapy to improve sleep quality in cancer patients. Keyword: Cancer, Lavender Aromatherapy, Sleep qualit

HUBUNGAN SEJARAH DAN PENGARUH BUDAYA TERHADAP PROSES AKULTURASI ARSITEKTUR MASJID-MASJID TUA ABAD XVI-XX DI JAKARTA

Masjid-masjid tua di Jakarta, diketahui telah mengalami proses akulturasi arsitektur yang berasal dari kelompok masyarakat yang ada, atau datang ke Jakarta. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sebaran masjid-masjid tua abad XVI-XX di Jakarta berdasarkan abad berdiri, lokasi, proses akulturasinya, dan menemukan hubungannya terhadap sejarah dan pengaruh budaya yang berkembang di Jakarta pada masa tersebut, melalui pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis deskriptif. Penyebaran agama islam yang sudah masuk ke Jakarta (Jayakarta-Batavia) mulai abad XVI, diiringi dengan keberadaan Suku Jawa di Jakarta pada abad XVI, menjadi simbol kuatnya pengaruh budaya Jawa pada bentuk arsitektur masjid di Jakarta. Masjid-masjid tua yang mengalami proses akulturasi arsitektur adaptasi Jawa paling banyak ditemukan pada abad XVIII-XIX. Terbentuknya komunitas muslim dan pemukiman warga pendatang di Jakarta pada abad XVIII-XIX telah menjadikan kawasan Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Pusat sebagai kawasan yang paling banyak memiliki peninggalan bangunan masjid-masjid tua di Jakarta. Terbukanya pintu perdagangan maritim yang sedemikian luas, telah membuka peluang besar terjadinya akulturasi budaya di Jakarta pada abad XVIII-XIX. Masjid- masjid tua yang memiliki akulturasi bentuk arsitektur Jawa sebagian besar berada di Kawasan Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Pusat. Proses akulturasi arsitektur yang mengadopsi bentuk arsitektur non lokal (Timur Tengah, Modern, dan Kolonial Belanda), juga mulai banyak muncul di abad XVIII-XIX, keberadaan masjid-masjid tua yang mengadopsi bentuk arsitektur Timur Tengah-Modern, juga ditemukan sebagian besar berlokasi di kawasan Jakarta Barat. Eksistensi masjid-masjid tua tersebut merepresentasikan simbol sejarah Islam yang tumbuh, berkembang dari masa ke masa sesuai dengan konteks ruang dan waktunya

Macadamia Nuts Oil in Nanocream and Conventional Cream as Skin Anti-Aging: A Comparative Study

BACKGROUND: The effect of an active substance in a dosage form can be influenced by the different method of preparation. Nanotechnology has been used widely in all aspects including drug delivery system. Nanocream is one of the cosmetic dosage forms to improve the absorption of active substances on the skin. AIM: The study was to compare macadamia nuts oil nanocream with conventional cream as skin antiaging dosage form. METHODS: The formulation of nanocream was consisted of macadamia nuts oil 10%, tween 80, propylene glycol, cetyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and distilled water. The anti-aging was conducted by comparing the nanocream and conventional cream. The evaluation of anti-aging activity was conducted using skin analyzer apparatus. The aging parameters were moisture, evenness, pore size, black spot, and wrinkle of the skin. The data were collected for 4 weeks. All the data obtained were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Macadamia nut oil nanocream dosage form showed better antiaging activity on the skin compared to conventional cream which were characterized by changes in skin condition on each aging skin parameter such as water content, pore size, melanin, and wrinkles. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that macadamia nuts oil in nanocream dosage form has better antiaging activity on the skin compared to conventional cream and macadamia nuts oil can be used as an effective skin anti-aging dosage form