Profitability Analysis Using Ratios in Selected Conventional Banks of Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

Globalization, financial crisis, security and other major reasons why banking activities are growing every day. Bangladesh's banking sector is a vital component of the country's financial system.  The analysis was conducted to assess profitability of selected conventional banks in Bangladesh by financial ratios.  The ratio review was carried out to ascertain whether these banks are moving further and how these banks are responsible for managing development of other participants in the field. While reviewing the financial statements of the selected four banking institutions from 2015 to 2019, it was discovered that the reviewed financial statements contained secondary information. Secondary data sources provide some profitability metrics for banks, including (ROA), (ROE), (ROD), (EPS), (PER) and (NPM). For extra conclusion, mean value, standard deviation and Average Annual Growth rate (AAGR) are also used to compare profitability performance among selected banks. The study’s findings conclude that Dhaka Bank Ltd is best performing bank among the selected conventional banks. However, the study shows that AB Bank Ltd is performing worse than expected. The study's findings will help to increase the confidence and the understanding in the Bangladeshi banks regarding the financial transactions. Finally, it included a list of suggestions for improving bank profitability and efficiency

Navigating Childhood Health: Unraveling the Tapestry of Anthropometric Indicators and Musculoskeletal Fitness in Elementary School Boys

Introduction: Childhood serves as the foundational bedrock shaping future health and well-being, with the musculoskeletal system playing a pivotal role in overall physical development. This study investigated the intricate relationship between anthropometric indicators and musculoskeletal fitness among boys aged 9-12 years, illuminating the nuances of this crucial developmental phase. Methods: A cohort of 100 boys from Wheaton International Schools underwent comprehensive anthropometric measurements, encompassing height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and skinfold assessments. Their musculoskeletal fitness was evaluated through diverse physical fitness tests, including Sit and Reach, Push-Up, Standing Long Jump, and Shuttle Run. Descriptive statistics were utilized to present the mean values and standard deviations of the collected anthropometric indicators, providing insights into the physical attributes and body composition of the boys. Subsequently, correlation analysis was performed between these anthropometric indicators and the physical fitness tests to understand their relationships. Results: Age showcased inverse relationships with flexibility and agility, while height emerged as a predominant influencer across all physical tests. BMI exhibited multifaceted impacts on various aspects of physical capabilities, shedding light on its potential implications for musculoskeletal health. The discussion extrapolates upon these correlations, elucidating age-related changes during adolescence, the profound influence of height on overall physical performance, and the intricate associations between body composition metrics and specific physical abilities. These insights foster a deeper understanding of childhood health and pave the way for targeted interventions in youth fitness programs. Conclusion: This study's revelations underscore the significance of anthropometric markers in assessing musculoskeletal fitness among elementary school boys, offering valuable insights into the interplay between physical attributes and functional capabilities. These findings lay the groundwork for informed strategies aimed at nurturing optimal musculoskeletal health in the formative years, thereby shaping healthier futures for the upcoming generation.Introducción: La infancia es la base fundamental que da forma a la salud y el bienestar futuros, y el sistema musculoesquelético desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo físico general. Este estudio investigó la intrincada relación entre los indicadores antropométricos y la aptitud musculoesquelética entre niños de 9 a 12 años, iluminando los matices de esta fase crucial del desarrollo. Métodos: Una cohorte de 100 niños de Wheaton International Schools se sometió a mediciones antropométricas integrales, que abarcaron altura, peso, IMC, circunferencia de la cintura, porcentaje de grasa corporal y evaluaciones de pliegues cutáneos. Su aptitud musculoesquelética se evaluó mediante diversas pruebas de aptitud física, incluidas Sit and Reach, Push-Up, Standing Long Jump y Shuttle Run. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para presentar los valores medios y las desviaciones estándar de los indicadores antropométricos recopilados, proporcionando información sobre los atributos físicos y la composición corporal de los niños. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de correlación entre estos indicadores antropométricos y las pruebas de aptitud física para comprender sus relaciones. Resultados: La edad mostró relaciones inversas con la flexibilidad y la agilidad, mientras que la altura surgió como un factor de influencia predominante en todas las pruebas físicas. El IMC mostró impactos multifacéticos en varios aspectos de las capacidades físicas, arrojando luz sobre sus posibles implicaciones para la salud musculoesquelética. La discusión extrapola estas correlaciones, aclarando los cambios relacionados con la edad durante la adolescencia, la profunda influencia de la altura en el rendimiento físico general y las intrincadas asociaciones entre las métricas de composición corporal y las habilidades físicas específicas. Estos conocimientos fomentan una comprensión más profunda de la salud infantil y allanan el camino para intervenciones específicas en programas de acondicionamiento físico para jóvenes. Conclusión: Las revelaciones de este estudio subrayan la importancia de los marcadores antropométricos en la evaluación de la aptitud musculoesquelética entre niños de escuela primaria, ofreciendo información valiosa sobre la interacción entre los atributos físicos y las capacidades funcionales. Estos hallazgos sientan las bases para estrategias informadas destinadas a fomentar una salud musculoesquelética óptima en los años de formación, configurando así futuros más saludables para la próxima generación

Applying an Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Detect Dietary Habits of Breast Cancer Patients in Bangladesh

Purpose: The study aims to examine the association between food habits/lifestyle and breast cancer using an unsupervised machine approach.  Method: The dataset was collected from the hospitals of eight divisional cities in Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical tools and an unsupervised machine learning approach- Factor Analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The highest numbers of breast cancer patients were observed in the Sylhet division, followed by the Dhaka and Khulna divisions. It is noted that, overall, left breast cancer patients outnumber right breast cancer patients. We found that betel nuts, beverages, beef/mutton, etc. are high commonalities, which indicates that these food habits are highly associated with breast cancer. Moreover, most of the patients can’t bear the cost of treatment.  Conclusions: It is concluded that most breast cancer patients are used to taking betel nuts and beverages that may cause this disease. Therefore, we should avoid unhealthy and junk foods

Efficient Cell Phone Keypad Designing for Bangla SMS Using English Alphabets

Mobile phone networks are increasingly supporting the transmission of textual message between individuals. In this paper we have introduced a new approach that will enhance the speed of typing process in Bangla by using English mobile keypad. An example of making Bangla sentences using English keypad could be “Ami valo achiâ€. Traditional cell phone keypad is not suitable for Bangla typing using English alphabets and number of key pressing is high to make such Bangla SMS (Short Message Service). The proposed approach has been explored to speed up the typing process in Bangla using English alphabets. The alphabets are rearranged according to the priority of frequencies. The frequency of alphabet is appeared by most used letter in SMS. The letters which are mostly used are recognized as higher frequency. The proposed design consumes less time for typing Bangla SMS using English letter format. Keywords: Mobile keypad, unitap, multitap, Bangla SMS, frequency

A 15-min non-competitive homogeneous assay for microcystin and nodularin based on time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET)

Simple and rapid methods are required for screening and analysis of water samples to detect cyanobacterial cyclic peptide hepatotoxins: microcystin/nodularin. Previously, we reported a highly sensitive non-competitive heterogeneous assay for microcystin/nodularin utilizing a generic anti-immunocomplex (anti-IC) single-chain fragment of antibody variable domains (scFv) isolated from a synthetic antibody library together with a generic adda ((2S,3S,4E,6E,8S,9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid)-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) recognizing the common adda part of the microcystin/nodularin. Using the same antibody pair, here we report a homogeneous non-competitive assay for microcystin/nodularin based on TR-FRET (time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer) measurement. The anti-IC scFv labeled with Alexa Fluor 680 and the Mab labeled with europium enabled the FRET process to occur in the presence of microcystin/nodularin. The TR-FRET signal is proportional to the toxin concentration in the sample. The rapid (15 min) homogeneous assay without requiring any washing step detected all the tested nine toxin variants (microcystin-LR, -dmLR, -RR, -dmRR, -YR, -LY, -LF -LW, and nodularin-R). Very good signal to blank ratio (~13) was achieved using microcystin-LR and the sample detection limit (blank+3SD of blank) for microcystin-LR was ~0.3 μg/L (~0.08 μg/L in 80-μL reaction well). The practical application of the TR-FRET assay was demonstrated with water samples spiked with microcystin-LR as well as with environmental water. The average recoveries of microcystin-LR from spiked water ranged from 65 to 123%. Good correlation (r2 = 0.73 to 0.99) with other methods (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and previously reported heterogeneous assay) was found when environmental samples were analyzed. The developed wash-free assay has the potential to play as a quick screening tool to detect microcystin/nodularin from water below the World Health Organization’s guideline limit (1 μg/L of microcystin-LR).</p

Will We Care for the Soil Surrounding Us? An Analysis of Legal Framework for Soil Protection in Bangladesh

Soil as natural resources, is an amazing gift of nature and all living and non-living things are influenced by the soil in which it is imbibed. At present soil is highly polluted, contaminated and degraded mainly by different anthropogenic activities in Bangladesh. Until recently, the Government of Bangladesh had not enacted any law, policy or action plan to safeguard its soil in conformity with environmental conservation mandate detailed in its Constitution. Soil pollution has already crossed all borders and its protection is crucial to meet the contemporary global goals including achieving SDGs. Therefore, this article is an attempt to analyse present legal regime related to prevention of soil pollution, contamination and degradation (PCD) that results from different human activities such as industrialisation, unsustainable urbanisation, waste dumping, unsustainable soil use and management in Bangladesh. It finds that, soil PCD for such causes have already been addressed directly or indirectly in some legal instruments but those were insufficient, generic in nature and carried on along with lack of monitoring, accountability and implementation. However, if properly implemented, those measures might help to reduce soil PCD. Furthermore, soil PCD control is not possible without establishing accountability of the implementing authority, mass awareness and the enactment of legislation solely to protect the soil. Therefore, we argue that the implementation of existing law along with risk control policies and scientific guidelines are crucial to ensure soil management and protection. Finally we argue that impediments to the filing of suits in environmental courts should be lifted so as to ensure that common people have access to environmental justice in order to conserve the soil resources, achieve SDGs, and maintain a healthy natural world

Corruption in Islamic Perspective and the Roles of Information and Communication Technology(ICT) to Control It

Corruption is a hurdle for development and good governance in the least developed countries (LDC), and emerging and development economies (EDE). In Islamic Shariah it is a great sin. It has a bad impact upon the socio-economic development of any nation. Since the last couple of decade Academics have given strong attention on controlling corruption. In this modern information age Information and Communication Technology (ICT) becomes almost compulsory in daily life. Effort of this study is to see ICT as an anti corruption tool to prevent corruption to comply Shariah rules. Key Words: ICT, Corruption, Islamic Ethics, Social Developmen

Correlation between single pre delivery symphysis-fundal height beyond 36 weeks of gestation and birth weight of newborn after delivery

Background: Accurate assessment of fetal weight is important for optimal obstetric management of labouring mothers. Among the methods of fetal weight estimation, symphysis-fundal height (SFH) measurement is inexpensive and non-invasive readily available simple and acceptable procedure of fetal weight estimation. On the other hand, high rate of low birth weight is one of the causes of high perinatal mortality in our country. Objective was to assess fetal birth weight by measuring symphysis-fundal height.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2017 to June 2018. Total 200 consecutive pregnant women of gestational age more than 36 weeks were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The fetal birth weight was measured before delivery of the foetus by measuring SFH and using the formula and was compared with actual birth weight.Results: Maximum (35.5%) pregnant mother were in age group 21-25 years followed by 29.5% in 26-30 years, 25.5% in 31-35 years and 9.5% in >35 years age group and mean age was 28.27±4.95 years. Mean weight of new born was 2.81±0.61 kg. Mean symphysis-fundal height 32.76±3.73 cm and maximum (48.5%) pregnant mother had SFH in 35-36 cm group, followed by 30.5% had ≤30 cm and 21.0% had 31-34 cm in this study. New born birth weight had significant positive correlation with symphysis-fundal height.Conclusions: Symphysis-fundal height has significant positive correlation with birth weight of new born

An Analytic Real-Time Framework for IoT based Home Automation System

The Internet of Things or IoT means the ability to connect billions of physical devices around the world that are now linking to the internet for collecting and sharing data. Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is used to sense the real-time primordial manufacture data and included the energy alliance data and the provision circumstance data. The Internet of Things (IoT) will approve any contents to be sensed or monitored remotely wherever there any remaining network infrastructure, making amenities for the integration of the actual world into computer-based systems. Real-time narrates the path of flowing media is processing. In the real-time procedure, anyone can entrance information barring to narrate for it and save our time. In our proposed system, we build a system where we calculate real-time. To compute real-time, we need an IoT based automated system. And here we use an IoT based home automation system. We are passing data through the system for collecting data with the help of Cisco Packet Tracer simulator. For calculating real-time performance, we use six performance metrics to evaluate the event detection system performance. They are sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, F1-score, and G-mean