Pencirian elektrik dan bahan bagi peranti CMOS 0.15 mikron

Satu kajian untuk mengukur pencirian bagi peranti CMOS dengan panjang get (Le) 0.15 mikron telah dijalankan. Analisa bagi pencirian clektrik dilaksanakan menggunakan Sistem Penguk.llran CV-IV manakala analisa bagi pencirian bahan pula dilaksanakan menggunakan Fokus Alur Ion (FIB), Mikroskopi Pcngcsan Ekktron (SEM) dan Peleraian Tenaga Sinar-X (EDX). Kcputusan bagi kajian tcrscbut menunjukkan operasi bagi transistor nMOS Icbih k.llrang dua kali ganda kc1ajuannya berbanding transistor pMOS dengan nilai purata voltan ambang (Vr) sebanyak 0.36V berbanding 0.66V bagi transistor pMOS. Sehubungan dengan itu, daripada kcratan rentas yang dihasilkan oleh FIB, panjang get (Le) bagi transistor nMOS dan pMOS masing-masing ialah 0.124 mikron dan 0.135 mikron. Bahan-bahan bagi pcranti tersebut terdiri daripada bahan silikon (Si) bagi bahagian substrat, bahan polisilikon (Si) bagi transistor get, bahan tungsten (W) bagi bahagian sentuhan, bahan aluminium (AI) bagi bahagian sambungan logaml, logam2 dan logam 3 scrta bahan silikon oksida (Si02) bagi bahagian medan oksida teba!. Scbagai kesimpulan, pcranti ini tclah difabrikasi dengan sempuma dan ia sepatutnya mampu berfungsi dcngan baik

Device Characterization of 0.21 μm CMOS Device

The objective of this study was ot measure the electrical characteristics, observe the structure and characterize the material of 0.21μm CMOS devices. The material characterization of the 0.21μm CMOS devices were carried out using FIB milling technique, SEM surface morphology and EDX Analysis. The CVIV tester was used for electrical characterization of the device. All the IDVD and IDVG graphs obtained are similar to the standard graph. There are two ways to calculate the devices VTH manual calculation method and auto calcualtion method. Calculation of the VTH by using the manual calcuation method was found to be more accurate than the auto calcuation method. The VTH value for NMOS and PMOS obtained from this study is 0.398393 AND -0.715700. Both these values are compared with the standard VTH value from Silterra, where this calculation involved polynomial regression technique in MATLAB. It is found that, the tested PMOS devices are practical but the tested NMOS devices are not. The materials used to fabricate this device has been obtained and shown. The electrical and material characteristics of the 0.21μm CMOS devices are successfully characterized by using the above methods

Characterization of a 0.14 μm Submicron NMOS with Silvaco TCAD Simulator

A 0.14 μm NMOS was simulated using ATHENA and ATLAS modules from TCAD simulator. The electrical characteristics of the submicron device were studied. Constant field scaling was applied to the following parameters: the effective channel length, the density of the ion implantation for threshold voltage (VTH) adjustment, and the gate oxide thickness (TOX). Additional techniques implemented to avoid short channel effects in submicron devices were shallow trench isolation (STI), sidewall spacer deposition, lightly doped drain (LDD) implantation, and retrograde well implantation. The results show that retrograde well implantation allowed the highest density of the dopant to fall below the surface of the substrate. With the application of sidewall spacer and LDD implantation, a lighter doped region was created beyond the n+ drain/source junction. As the layers of metallization increases, it was observed that drain current (ID) increased as well. The important parameters for NMOS were measured and validated

Biometric authentication using fingerprint and keypad for door lock securtiy system

Biometric lock is a lock that uses fingerprint to grant genuine user an access to a building, offices, and laboratory. The purpose of this project is to solve the major problems faced by the conventional lock or electronic combination lock, by adding electronic technology as well as biological technology together, user is the key to the lock. Users do not have to memorize combination as it is in the electronic combination lock, or carry the key along all the time. However with this device users simply need to place their finger on the fingerprint module and the device itself will determine whether to give or deny the access. This study also has other method which is password by using keypad. This study divided into three parts, which are hardware design, software design, and prototype design. The hardware design includes the electronics circuits used to enrol, identify, and delete fingerprint to the fingerprint module, LCD that gives command to the user. Software design includes the development of the source code that enables the Arduino UNO to control and interface with all hardware. The operation of the hardware, software and prototype design parts have been tested and verified individually and in combination. It simply performs three functions which are addition, verification, and deletion

Student satisfaction on service quality: a study at Malaysian public university

Students will engage in informal learning outside the lecture hall in addition to the formal learning. The Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Centre’s for General Studies and Co-curriculum (PPUK) is a division that provides services focused on activities outside the lecture hall. Issues, particularly student satisfaction, become a critical concern for PPUK management as a result of these actions. The crucial element is determining the level of student satisfaction with PPUK's services where students have difficulty carrying out activities outside the lecture hall due to problems with the quality of services supplied by PPUK involving Credited Co-Curricular Courses (KKB) that the university has scheduled. As a result, if the services provided are unsatisfactory, which will have an indirect negative impact on the student's satisfaction as a student. The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions of satisfaction with the services provided by PPUK, UTHM based on the SERVQUAL Model's five dimensions (physical evidence, responsive, empathy, guarantee, and trustworthiness). The study is designed in the form of a survey, with data collected via a questionnaire. The researcher focused on UTHM students who registered for KKB in the second semester for this study. To answer the research questions, the data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to measure the frequency, mean score, t-test, and correlation of each element. Overall, the results show that students are extremely satisfied with the services provided by the PPUK UTHM. Other inferential and regression analyses will be investigated further and improved to the PPUK curriculum

Development of Car Tyre Air Pressure System (CTAPMS) Using Node MCU ESP8266 Board

CTAPMS is an electronic system designed in this work to monitor the air pressure inside pneumatic tyres on various types of vehicles. A crucial issue in monitoring air pressures of a tyre was most users are too lazy and do not check their car tyre condition daily or before starting a journey. As an assist device for the user to monitor their car air tyre pressure daily, this project has developed the CTAPMS using a BMP180 sensor and Node MCU 8266 microcontroller board. Based on the system, the measured car air tyre pressure can be visualized from the ThingSpeak IoT platform through a smartphone. The performance of the developed system has been validated through a series of experimental works. The result indicates a reliable measurement with an error of less than 10% as compare to the existing system. Further, this product will be commercialized for future use

Development of Car Tyre Air Pressure System (CTAPMS) Using Node MCU ESP8266 Board

CTAPMS is an electronic system designed in this work to monitor the air pressure inside pneumatic tyres on various types of vehicles. A crucial issue in monitoring air pressures of a tyre was most users are too lazy and do not check their car tyre condition daily or before starting a journey. As an assist device for the user to monitor their car air tyre pressure daily, this project has developed the CTAPMS using a BMP180 sensor and Node MCU 8266 microcontroller board. Based on the system, the measured car air tyre pressure can be visualized from the ThingSpeak IoT platform through a smartphone. The performance of the developed system has been validated through a series of experimental works. The result indicates a reliable measurement with an error of less than 10% as compare to the existing system. Further, this product will be commercialized for future use

Cost effective mask design in CMOS transistor fabrication for undergraduates program

This paper presents a new innovative way of teaching undergraduate program using low cost masks. In MOSFET fabrication, the cost to produce a complete mask set for pattern transfer process extremely high and not cost effective for undergraduates program. The purpose of these masks is to define certain functional region on a wafer. In this work, low cost masks have been fabricated with a simple technology. An economical solution of masks using transparency films with various channel lengths from 300 µm to 500 µm has been produced. Six layer photolithography masks of MOSFET were designed using AutoCAD drawing tools and then printed using high resolution laser printer on the transparency film. Contact printing method has been utilized to transfer the mask layouts onto a 4-inch silicon wafer using standard photolithography techniques to check the line uniformity. Optical observation using high power microscope shows that the mask layouts were successfully transferred onto photoresist with minimum variation. These masks are used to fabricate an n-well CMOS transistor and then tested using Keithley 2400 source meter with Lab-view measurement software. The cost effective mask design proposed was really practical for teaching microfabrication undergraduates program

Efficient robotic path planning algorithm based on artificial potential field

Path planning is crucial for a robot to be able to reach a target point safely to accomplish a given mission. In path planning, three essential criteria have to be considered namely path length, computational complexity and completeness. Among established path planning methods are voronoi diagram (VD), cell decomposition (CD), probability roadmap (PRM), visibility graph (VG) and potential field (PF). The above-mentioned methods could not fulfill all three criteria simultaneously which limits their application in optimal and real-time path planning. This paper proposes a path PF-based planning algorithm called dynamic artificial PF (DAPF). The proposed algorithm is capable of eliminating the local minima that frequently occurs in the conventional PF while fulfilling the criterion of path planning. DAPF also integrates path pruning to shorten the planned path. In order to evaluate its performance, DAPF has been simulated and compared with VG in terms of path length and computational complexity. It is found that DAPF is consistent in generating paths with low computation time in obstacle-rich environments compared to VG. The paths produced also are nearly optimal with respect to VG

Recruitment Pattern Graduates from Malaysian Technical University

Recruitment is a process of identifying individuals who have the potential to create a quality staff that will ensure the achievement of a company's goals and mission. Many employers are interested in recruiting capable graduates. However, there are still employers who do not offer a salary equivalent to the student's qualifications. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the recruitment pattern for Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) graduates from 2015 until 2020.  It identifies graduates of UTHM, a public technical university who receive salaries equivalent to their qualifications at the Diploma level. It also aims to identify employers who consistently hire UTHM graduates from the designated years. This empirical study analyzed raw data from the Graduate Tracer Study online system administered by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. The respondents consisted of 1302 diploma graduates at UTHM. The results of the study show that only 32% of graduates receive a salary commensurate with their diploma qualification. This shows a high mismatch between the job salaries and qualifications of graduates. Further results also found that there are 43 companies consistently recruiting UTHM Diploma Graduates from 2015 to 2020. Attentively, JST Connector (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd is the most consistent company in recruiting UTHM Diploma graduates with a total of 15 employees in that period