Development and characterisation study of liposomes-encapsulated piroxicam

The objective of present work was to develop a novel liposomes-based drug delivery system for a lipophilic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, piroxicam. The system was prepared using proliposomes method and optimised for different preparation parameters including type of proliposomes, concentration of drug, duration of hydration and type of particle size reduction treatment used. All prepared liposomal samples were extensively characterized for their drug-entrapment and size profile using various in-vitro techniques. Present work showed that the most optimum formulation (Pro-lipoTM Duo; 12mg piroxicam per gram Pro-lipoTM; 10 hours hydration time) produced highest amount of actual drug been entrapped in liposomes (800.4 mg/g Pro-lipoTM) with a satisfactory entrapment efficiency of 15.36%. This formulation had also produced liposomal samples with a homogenous (polydispersity index = 0.45) and small particle size (359.95nm). Extrusion technique was found to cause significant reduction in drug-entrapment and size profile of drug-loaded liposomes. A 4-weeks storage study showed that drug-entrapment and size profile of liposomal samples were stable in both refrigerated and room temperature. Electron microscopy revealed that prepared liposomal samples were spherical-shaped and showed concentric lamellae. In conclusion, present work successfully demonstrated a simple, reproducible and practical method of preparation for liposomes-encapsulated piroxicam.Keywords: Proliposomes; Liposomes; Piroxicam; Encapsulation; Particle size; Transmission electron microscop

Sosialisasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Stunting Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Generasi Unggul di Dusun Iroyudan Kelurahan Guwosari

Stunting merupakan keadaan gagal tumbuh pada balita yang disebabkan karena kekurangan gizi secara kronis atau berkepanjangan dalam waktu yang lama sehingga anak terlalu pendek untuk usianya. Salah satu penyebab stunting yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan ibu dan pola asuh yang kurang tepat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya sosialisasi mengenai cara pencegahan dan penanganan stunting. Metode pengabdian dengan penyuluhan dan ceramah disetai tanya jawab tentang pencegahan dan penanganan stunting melalui media power point. Peserta yang mengikuti soasialisasi terdiri dari 12 remaja putri, 3 ibu hamil dan 9 ibu dari balita yang mengalami stunting di Dusun Iroyudan Kelurahan Guwosari. Dalam kegiatan ini menghasilkan bahwa semua peserta sudah tersosialisasi mengenai stunting, dampak dari stunting, serta cara pencegahan dan penanganannya

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Anti-inflammatory effects of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves.aqueous extract

This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of three concentrations of Labisia pumila (Blume) F. Vill-Naves aqueous leaf extract in rats. The effects of these extracts as anti-inflammatory agents were determined using two experiments namely formalin-induced paw licking and carrageenan-induced paw oedema test. The exposure of inflammation to various treatments resulted in significant differences between treatments in formalin-induced paw licking in rats experiment whereas in phase 2, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract showed the most significant inhibition of 82.12%, followed by 10 mg kg-1 with 76.00% and 25 mg kg-1 with 57.80%. Similarly, different treatments showed significant effects at p<0.05 in the carrageenan inducing paw oedema experiment. All treatments were able to suppress the oedema formation induced by carrageenan as compared with the control. It is evident that the anti-inflammtory effect of every concentration of L. pumila extract started as early as the first hour of carrageenan injection and showed the maximum inhibition during the fifth hour. Again, 50 mg kg-1 of L. pumila extract was found to be the best treatment that could reduce inflammation with highest inhibition of 64.59% followed by 25 mg kg-1 with 56.99% and 10 mg kg-1 with 5.55%. The result of this study has shown that these extracts of L. pumila can be effective for anti-inflammation purposes which supports and justifies traditional uses of this plant

Fluidised bed incineration of EVA co-polymer waste and its potential to remove sulphur from coal

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN029379 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Respirometric analysis of activated sludge models from palm oil mill effluent

Activated sludge models (ASMs) have been widely used as a basis for further model development in wastewater treatment processes. Values for parameters to be used are vital for the accuracy of the modeling approach. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), as open respirometer with continuous flow for 20 h is used in ASMs. The dissolved oxygen (DO) profile for 11 days was monitored. It was found the mass transfer coefficient KLa is 0.3 h1 during lag and start feed phase and 0.01 h1 during stop feed phase,while the heterotrophic yield coefficient YH is 0.44. Some of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionations of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using respirometric test in ASM models are Ss 50 mg/L, SI 16,600 mg/L, XS 25,550 mg/L, and XI 2,800 mg/L. The comparison of experimental and ASM1 from OUR concentration is found to fit wel

Non-invasive monitoring of temperature stress in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, using ion amperometry

The extracellular storage of calcium of plant cells is one of the two most important calcium stores for signaling and recognized in importance. There has been, for decades, a need in the field of plant calcium signaling to be able to measure the changes in the concentration and dynamics of extracellular calcium in plants, during signaling. We present a novel approach to this problem, and describe the application of ion-amperometry which affords temporal resolution that previous methods could not deliver

Generation of Maxwell-displacement-current of Phospholipid Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface

A series of amphiphilic organic materials of phospholipids with different alkyl chain namely 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and 1,2-disteroyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) have been studied as Langmuir monolayers on the water surface. The organization of the Langmuir monolayers have been investigated using Maxwell-Displacement-Current (MDC) measuring technique. The MDC studies can give very essential information on the orientational order of the organic monolayers even at immeasurably low surface pressure. The current is generated due orientational changes of polar molecules induced by the monolayer compression. The features of the first order phase transitions in the surface pressure-area isotherms of the phospholipids monolayer are discussed

Incineration of municipal solid waste in Malaysia: Salient issues, policies and waste-to-energy initiatives

Municipal solid wastes (MSW) disposal and treatment essentially pose problems in many countries due to their voluminous characteristic. The customary means of MSW management is via landfill disposal but its dependency is gradually being limited by developed countries due to environmental concerns. Even though not apparent as it seems, Malaysia is gradually experiencing scarcity of available land for development. As such, the local government is currently looking into the possibility of employing high-end and large-scale incineration processes to address this issue. MSW as a combustion source for thermochemical conversion application, represents a two-pronged approach in solving its disposal dilemma as well as providing a source of energy fuel. This paper highlights the current issues and future directions as well as energy recovery initiatives associated with incineration of MSW in Malaysia. In Malaysia, energy recovery initiatives are focused on application of waste-to-energy (WTE) as well as refuse-derived fuel (RDF) technologies. Aspects regarding MSW landfill gas capture and energy generation are also discussed since they may directly influence (or potentially compete against) the widespread adoption of RDF technologies. A relatively successful RDF pilot plant in Malaysia is highlighted as a case study. It is deemed that application of large-scale incineration technologies in Malaysia is inevitable as opening of new landfill areas will ultimately cease in the future

Multi-wavelength Brillouin Raman erbium-doped fiber laser generation in a linear cavity

A multi-wavelength Brillouin Raman erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and demonstrated. The setup uses a 7.7 km dispersion compensating fiber simultaneously as the Brillouin and Raman nonlinear gain media and operates in conjunction with a 3 m erbium-doped fiber as the linear gain medium. At a Brillouin pump (BP) wavelength of 1530 nm, where Raman and erbium gains overlap each other, 34 Brillouin Stokes lines having line spacing of 0.075 nm are created by using a Raman pump power of only 24.1 dBm, an erbium pump power of about 22.1 dBm, and a BP power of 6.5 dBm in the proposed linear cavity. The system is highly efficient and is able to generate many comparable peak-power lines at a low pump power