Evaluation of Indian Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Quality Traits Using Additive Main-Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) Biplot Analysis under Terminal Heat Stress Conditions

The abrupt increase of temperatures during and after the flowering period of wheat is defined as terminal heat stress, and it causes severe reductions in productivity. One hundred two durum wheat lines were evaluated against this stress for three consecutive cropping seasons (2014–2017) in Indore, Madya Pradesh (India). The main objectives were to assess their grain yield potential, stability, and rheological quality characteristics under these conditions, and identify other contributing traits to adaptation. Combined ANOVA across environments showed significant differences (P < 0.01) for all factors, and high broad sense heritability was recorded for hectoliter weight, 1000-grains weight, grain yield, number of grains per spike, spike length, days to maturity, total carotene and sedimentation values. Grain yield showed significant (P < 0.01) positive associated with biomass, harvest index, hectoliter weight and significant negative associations with day to heading and maturity. Genotypes showed explicit variation to environmental condition as supported by significant (P < 0.01) for genotype × environment interaction (GEI). The traits like early heading, maturing, high biomass and hectoliter weight were the most critical traits for adaptation under terminal heat stress. To determine effects of GEI data were subjected to GGE biplot analysis, which identified as the most stable and performing across seasons G-30 (GW 1240) for hectoliter weight and G-98 (Vijay) for grain yield. These entries can now be combined via breeding to develop superior heat stress tolerant varieties

Plate-based diversity subset screening generation 2: An improved paradigm for high throughput screening of large compound files

High throughput screening (HTS) is an effective method for lead and probe discovery that is widely used in industry and academia to identify novel chemical matter and to initiate the drug discovery process. However, HTS can be time-consuming and costly and the use of subsets as an efficient alternative to screening these large collections has been investigated. Subsets may be selected on the basis of chemical diversity, molecular properties, biological activity diversity, or biological target focus. Previously we described a novel form of subset screening: plate-based diversity subset (PBDS) screening, in which the screening subset is constructed by plate selection (rather than individual compound cherry-picking), using algorithms that select for compound quality and chemical diversity on a plate basis. In this paper, we describe a second generation approach to the construction of an updated subset: PBDS2, using both plate and individual compound selection, that has an improved coverage of the chemical space of the screening file, whilst only selecting the same number of plates for screening. We describe the validation of PBDS2 and its successful use in hit and lead discovery. PBDS2 screening became the default mode of singleton (one compound per well) HTS for lead discovery in Pfizer

Shaping a screening file for maximal lead discovery efficiency and effectiveness: elimination of molecular redundancy

High Throughput Screening (HTS) is a successful strategy for finding hits and leads that have the opportunity to be converted into drugs. In this paper we highlight novel computational methods used to select compounds to build a new screening file at Pfizer and the analytical methods we used to assess their quality. We also introduce the novel concept of molecular redundancy to help decide on the density of compounds required in any region of chemical space in order to be confident of running successful HTS campaigns

Analisis Aplikasi Sistem Pembiayaan Gadai Syariah Pada Perum Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar

Konsep yang jauh dari riba dan sesuai dengan syariat Islam, membuat produk gadai syariah menjadi pilihan umat Muslim di Indonesia yang berniat menjalankan agama secara kaffah. Gadai emas syariah dari Pegadaian Syariah disebut juga pembiayaan Rahn yang merupakan penyerahan jaminan atau hak penguasaan secara fisik atas barang berharga berupa emas lantakan atau perhiasan kepada Pegadaian sebagai jaminan atas pembiayaan yang diterima. Penelitian yang berjudul analisis aplikasi sistem pembiayaan gadai syariah ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui kesesuaian perlakuan akuntansi atas pembiayaan gadai syariah di Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar dengan PSAK 107 (akad ijarah), 2) mengetahui kesesuaian pembiayaan gadai syariah di Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar dengan Fatwa DSN-MUI No.25/DSN-MUI/III/2002, 3) mengetahui kesesuaian pembiayaan gadai syariah di Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar dengan Hukum Syariat Islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Adapun pengumpulan data yang dilakukan oleh penulis adalah dengan metode wawancara terhadap karyawan Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar dan menggunakan data berupa buku pedoman Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Makassar. Dari hasil penelitian Perum Pegadaian Syariah telah menjalankan pedoman akuntansi PSAK 107, dan telah sesuai dengan penerapan Fatwa DSN-MUI No.25/DSN-MUI/III/2002, Namun belum sesuai dengan hukum syariat Islam secara menyeluruh

Public Perception of Folk Media and its Importance in the Dissemination of Science

67-77Science communication aims to connect the general public with scientific research by enhancing their awareness, interest and understanding of science. Folk media can play a significant role in low-resource settings that require more cost-effective measures to communicate effectively. The major objectives of this preliminary study were to study and document the role of folk media in the dissemination of science and to understand the public perception of the role of folk media in science communication based on an online survey. Data for this study was collected from literature survey of published research papers and other relevant documents including grey literature and online news articles, and an online survey that assessed people’s opinions on using folk media for science communication was conducted. The questions for the survey were based on the importance of folk media for science communication and types of folk media. The findings from the preliminary review of literature, news articles and public survey in this study indicated that folk media can be effectively used for science communication among the rural and deprived sections of society but it can also be useful in a modern context and to enhance engagement with science in urban areas. The survey participants agreed that folk media is important for science communicators and to counteract misinformation and superstitio

"Virtual fragment linking": an approach to identify potent binders from low affinity fragment hits.

In this work we explore the possibilities of using fragment-based screening data to prioritize compounds from a full HTS library, a method we call virtual fragment linking (VFL). The ability of VFL to identify compounds of nanomolar potency based on micromolar fragment binding data was tested on 75 target classes from the WOMBAT database and succeeded in 57 cases. Further, the method was demonstrated for seven drug targets from in-house screening programs that performed both FBS of 8800 fragments and screens of the full library. VFL captured between 28% and 67% of the hits (IC 50 < 10microM) in the top 5% of the ranked library for four of the targets (enrichment between 5-fold and 13-fold). Our findings lead us to conclude that proper coverage of chemical space by the fragment library is crucial for the VFL methodology to be successful in prioritizing HTS libraries from fragment-based screening data

Solid-Phase Synthesis of 5 \u27-O- N-(Acyl)sulfamoyl adenosine Derivatives

The solid-phase synthesis of 5\u27-O-[N-(acyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine derivatives is described. The use of a Rink amide polystyrene solid support together with an appropriately protected ribo-purine starting material allowed for the development of a highly reliable and practical route for the solid-phase synthesis of 5\u27-O-[N-(acyl)sulfamoyl]adenosines. The developed procedure enables the efficient parallel synthesis of the target compounds in high yields. These compounds are non-hydrolysable isosteres of acyl-adenylates, which play an important role in a range of different metabolic pathways such as ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptide synthesis, fatty acid oxidation or enzyme regulation; some adenylate-forming enzymes are potential drug targets