filament nozzle extruder for polylactic acid (PLA) material

The present invention relates generally to a 3D printer extruder for domestic usage. There is a known 3D printer extruder comprising of liquefier, nozzle and insulator for printing three dimensional product. However, the extruder is not specifically design for polylactic acid (PLA) material, thus producing instability and inaccurate of10 extrusion process. The present invention discloses a 3D printer extruder comprising of a liquefier (5) in cylindrical shape having a nozzle slot (6), tiny screw hole (1), heating element slot (3), an insulator (2)which is made form fibre glass coated material enclosing said liquefier (5) , a nozzle (4) attached to said nozzle slot (6) having a die angle range in between 110° to 130°

Assembly sequence optimization using the bees algorithm

The determination of the assembly sequence is an important decision in assembly planning. Optimum sequence selection is challenging because of several reasons such as optimization criteria and precedence constraints. Furthermore, a product can be assembled in many different alternatives in accordance with different sequences, thereby making the optimization of assembly sequences a multi-modal solution optimization problem. To allow the process planner to decide, unique optimum solutions are required to be develop as much as possible. In this study, the assembly sequence of a product was optimized by applying an algorithm known as the Bees Algorithm. To assess the performance of this Algorithm, the results are compared with results found by other algorithms. It is shown that, the Bees Algorithm obtained similar optimum fitness value with other algorithms but with the greatest number of optimal assembly sequences. As a result, the Bees Algorithm outperforms other algorithms in dealing with the multi-modal optimization problem of assembly sequence optimization

The Effects of FDM Printing Parameters on the Compression Properties of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using Finite Element Analysis

3D printing technology has become a favored alternative in fabricating parts due to its flexibility in product customization. Recently, an abundant number of studies have been conducted to improve the overall quality of the 3D printed parts. One of the essential qualities is to provide mechanical properties that fulfill the functionality of the final product. Thus, providing the best option in tailoring the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts is very useful. This paper investigates the effects of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using finite element analysis (FEA). Taguchi's 33 design-of-experiment methods were used to design the experiment for the following printing parameters: shell thickness, type of infill, and infill density. The compressive test was performed using Ansys software and the variables under study were strain and total deformation. The results obtained from the FEA simulation show that the strain and total deformation are mainly influenced by infill density, followed by the type of infill and shell thickness. It is deduced from the study that the optimum printing parameters with higher infill density (70%) and combination with triangular infill pattern able to hold the structure more rigidly, therefore providing more resistance against deformation. This study proposed a platform for determining the mechanical properties of 3D models for FDM printed parts using FEA analysis

Aerodynamic assessment and development of Smokey SAM Prototype (TRL-6)

This paper presents an aerodynamic assessment on the "Smokey Sam Prototype (TRL-6) Start (X)". Initially, the rocket prototype was designed by using OpenRocket open source software, where all of the user's design requirements and objectives are considered. The TRL-6 Smokey Sam Star (X) is expected to fly within 400 m with the operating Mach number 0.2 as a comparable to US GTR-18A. This research evaluates the aerodynamics performance of the design Smokey Sam prototype rocket using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The aerodynamics analyses were started with an initial speed of 25 m/s, and the procedures were repeated for 40 m/s and 54.6m/s. For instance, the CFD study assessed the flight performance and stability once launched, such as lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment. The turbulence model is employing K-omega (k-ω) model to express turbulent properties of flow to a reckoning for history effects like convection and diffusion of turbulent energy. The actual pressure distribution was compared with the conventional rocket material's exact pressure distribution to inspect the best rocket material to sustain the best strength to weight ratio at high-speed trajectory operation. Several observations were made into the modelling process, such as surrounding velocity and pressure. It is found that the flight is in stable mode since the obtained pitching moments are almost zero at all assessed speed. For the flight trajectory validation, the model was printed using a 3D printer and tested experimentally by launching it into the air

Analyzing the effect of nozzle diameter in fused deposition modeling for extruding polylactic acid using open source 3D printing

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies. The 3D Printer has been widely used in the fabrication of 3D products. One of the main issues has been to obtain a high quality for the finished parts. The present study focuses on the effect of nozzle diameter in terms of pressure drop, geometrical error as well as extrusion time. While using polylactic acid (PLA) as a material, the research was conducted using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) by manipulating the nozzle diameter, and the pressure drop along the liquefier was observed. The geometrical error and printing time were also calculated by using different nozzle diameters. Analysis shows that the diameter of the nozzle significantly affects the pressure drop along the liquefier which influences the consistency of the road width thus affecting the quality of the product’s finish. The vital aspect is minimizing the pressure drop to be as low as possible, which will lead to a good quality final product. The results from the analysis demonstrate that a 0.2 mm nozzle diameter contributes the highest pressure drop, which is not within the optimum range. In this study, by considering several factors including pressure drop, geometrical error and printing time, a 0.3 mm nozzle diameter has been suggested as being in the optimum range for extruding PLA material using open-source 3D printing. The implication of this result is valuable for a better understanding of the melt flow behavior of the PLA material and for choosing the optimum nozzle diameter for 3D printing

The effects of FDM printing parameters on the compression properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using finite element analysis

3D printing technology has become a favored alternative in fabricating parts due to its flexibility in product customization. Recently, an abundant number of studies have been conducted to improve the overall quality of the 3D printed parts. One of the essential qualities is to provide mechanical properties that fulfill the functionality of the final product. Thus, providing the best option in tailoring the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts is very useful. This paper investigates the effects of printing parameters on the compression properties of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using finite element analysis (FEA). Taguchi's 33 design-of-experiment methods were used to design the experiment for the following printing parameters: shell thickness, type of infill, and infill density. The compressive test was performed using Ansys software and the variables under study were strain and total deformation. The results obtained from the FEA simulation show that the compressive strain and total deformation are mainly influenced by infill density, followed by the type of infill and shell thickness. It is deduced from the study that the optimum printing parameters with higher infill density (70%) and combination with triangular infill pattern are able to hold the structure more rigidly, therefore providing more resistance against deformation. This study proposed a platform for determining the mechanical properties of 3D models for FDM printed parts using FEA analysis

ANFIS domestic water consumption model before and during Covid19 pandemic in Tangerang Indonesia

WHO has declared Covid-19 disease as a pandemic on a global scale. The Indonesian government had announced a physical distancing & movement control order (PSBB) to combat Covid-19 transmission. The effect of PSBB caused many factories to stop operating and forced workers to work from home. This event had resulted in the increase in domestic water consumption. In this paper, we analyze the increased domestic water consumption using ANFIS mathematical model. The model shows the increase in domestic water consumption three months before and the first three months of the Covid-19 pandemic, due to PSBB, Moslem religious rituals such as fasting in Ramadhan, and the ban of Homecoming in Eid Fitr. We can see the model shows significant increases in domestic water consumption from 3 constant variables such as: A from 1,243,000 to 1,288,000, B from 1,303,000 to 1,410,000, and C from 1,279,000 to 1,340,000

Optimization of the Parameters for Surface Quality of the Open-source 3D Printing / Nor Aiman Sukindar...[et al.]

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) or three-dimensional (3D) printing are becoming ubiquitous today because it allows the fabrication of 3D products directly from computer-aided design software. The quality of 3D parts is influenced by several parameters that need to be carefully tuned to obtain a high-quality final product. The surface finish of the finished parts is one of the major factors to consider because it affects both the dimensional accuracy and the functionality of the piece. Thus, the present study focuses on improving the surface finish of parts produced by FDM by manipulating different parameters such as layer height, raster angle, extruder temperature, printing speed, and percent infill. Polylactic acid was used for this study, which is a material present in filament form, and was extruded using a newly developed 3D printer; the Taguchi’s 35 design-of-experiment method was used to design the experiment. The results indicate that raster angle, extruder temperature, and layer thickness are the most influential process parameters of the surface quality of the final product

Effects of nozzle die angle on extruding polymethylmethacrylate in open-source 3D printing

Open-source 3D printer has been widely used for fabricating three dimensional products. However, this technology has some drawbacks that need to be improved such as accuracy of the finished parts. One of the factors affecting the final product is the ability of the machine to extrude the material consistently, which is related to the flow behavior of the material inside the liquefier. This paper observes the pressure drop along the liquefier by manipulating the nozzle die angle from 80° to 170° using finite element analysis (FEA) for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material. When the pressure drop along the liquefier is varied, the printed product also varies, thus providing less accuracy in the finished parts. Based on the FEA, it was found that 130° was the optimum die angle (convergent angle) for extruding PMMA material using open-source 3D printing

Design simulation and development of prototype filling nozzle in food industry

This project necessitates the use of simulation to design the filling nozzles for the food industry. Filling nozzles are used for food packaging production and the speed and efficiency are dependent on the filling nozzle design. The current filling nozzle design is only capable of producing a low volume of production due to the design limitation. Therefore, the new design was proposed to solve this problem by improving several components that can be modified based on the density of the food and the volume of the liquid to be filled. Several designs were proposed and simulated using finite element analysis (FEA) to observe the efficiency of the fluid flow behaviour to imitate the filling process. The same properties of coconut milk utilized in the industry were used for the simulation with A DENSITY OF 1014 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 0.00161Pa.s. All proposed designs were evaluated using the Pugh method and the best design with more outflow channels was proposed which appeared can provide higher flow velocity and a smoother flow at the outlet and eventually lead to higher production