1,816 research outputs found
Examining the Effects of Trait Rumination on Hostile Attribution Bias
Previous research supports the idea that individuals high in trait anger tend to experience more hostile attribution bias. According to the Integrative Cognitive Model, cognitive factors, such as rumination, may increase the risk of hostile attribution bias and any subsequent aggressive behaviors. Sex differences are apparent in rumination and anger expression. The present research explored the potential role trait rumination plays in hostile attribution bias as well as potential conditional effects of sex on this relationship. Participants were asked to complete a number of self-report measures and vignettes of ambiguously hostile situations adapted to improve reliability. Hypotheses were largely supported and trait anger rumination was significantly predictive of hostile attribution bias; however, conditional effects of sex were non-significant. The adapted hostile attribution bias measure had improved reliability and may have utility for a survey-based method to assessing hostile attribution bias. Findings may further our understanding of hostile interpretations and potential for subsequent aggressive behaviors in high trait ruminators in ambiguous situations as well as lead to potential areas of intervention to reduce anger and anger rumination
Effect of Speed on Steering Efficiency
Studies have shown that there is a definite tendency for a driver to lose in steering efficiency when he takes one hand off the wheel. Johnson and Lauer (1) found either hand alone to be 91.4 per cent as efficient in manipulative ability as both hands used together. Their findings were confirmed in a lesser degree by Lauer and Suhr (2) for both simple and complex driving. The present study was made to determine whether or not a loss in steering efficiency occurs when driving speed is increased
Pseudo-Riemannian geodesic foliations by circles
We investigate under which assumptions an orientable pseudo-Riemannian
geodesic foliations by circles is generated by an -action. We construct
examples showing that, contrary to the Riemannian case, it is not always true.
However, we prove that such an action always exists when the foliation does not
contain lightlike leaves, i.e. a pseudo-Riemannian Wadsley's Theorem. As an
application, we show that every Lorentzian surface all of whose
spacelike/timelike geodesics are closed, is finitely covered by .
It follows that every Lorentzian surface contains a non-closed geodesic.Comment: 14 page
Influence of Pure Dephasing on Emission Spectra from Single Photon Sources
We investigate the light-matter interaction of a quantum dot with the
electromagnetic field in a lossy microcavity and calculate emission spectra for
non-zero detuning and dephasing. It is found that dephasing shifts the
intensity of the emission peaks for non-zero detuning. We investigate the
characteristics of this intensity shifting effect and offer it as an
explanation for the non-vanishing emission peaks at the cavity frequency found
in recent experimental work.Comment: Published version, minor change
Sampling Plans for Control-Inspection Schemes Under Independent and Dependent Sampling Designs With Applications to Photovoltaics
The evaluation of produced items at the time of delivery is, in practice,
usually amended by at least one inspection at later time points. We extend the
methodology of acceptance sampling for variables for arbitrary unknown
distributions when additional sampling infor- mation is available to such
settings. Based on appropriate approximations of the operating characteristic,
we derive new acceptance sampling plans that control the overall operating
characteristic. The results cover the case of independent sampling as well as
the case of dependent sampling. In particular, we study a modified panel
sampling design and the case of spatial batch sampling. The latter is advisable
in photovoltaic field monitoring studies, since it allows to detect and analyze
local clusters of degraded or damaged modules. Some finite sample properties
are examined by a simulation study, focusing on the accuracy of estimation
Applying cognitive interviewing for validation of questionnaire items in a Danish national working environment survey
Risk assessment and mapping of extreme floods in non-dyked communities along the Elbe and Mulde Rivers
International audienceAssessing and mapping damage risk of floods for large river basins is still in its infancy. Damage risk is understood to be the combination of flood hazard and the vulnerability of communities to a flood of a particular return period. Risk is calculated and mapped for two communities in which dykes are not located for flood protection: Meissen on the Elbe River and Döbeln in the Mulde catchment. Different methodologies for the computation of flood depth and inundation extent of varying flood return periods (hazard) are compared. Exposure and relative damage to the flooding (vulnerability) based on land-use coverages of different scale are also compared and discussed. A property asset coverage completes the data requirements for the construction of the risk maps. Recommendations for continued research on risk assessments of large river basins conclude the study
China, the United States, and the European Union
The Paris Agreement would not have come into being had China, the United
States (US), and the European Union (EU), which together contribute more than
half of all global greenhouse gas emissions, not signaled their intent to take
major steps to reduce their domestic emissions. The EU has been at the
forefront of global climate change measures for years having issued binding
domestic emission reduction targets for 2020 and 2030. For many years, China
refused to announce a target date for when it might begin reducing its
greenhouse gas emissions, and the US Congress blocked action on climate
change. In the lead up to the Paris climate negotiations, however, there were
major shifts in China’s and the US’s climate positions. This commentary
examines the climate policies of the three largest emitters and the factors
motivating the positions they took in the Paris negotiations. Given that the
commitments made in Paris are most likely insufficient to keep global
temperature from rising 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, the commentary also
considers what the likelihood is that these three major economies will
strengthen their emission reduction targets in the near future
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