Financial Inclusion Model on the Development of Batik SMEs in Cirebon Regency

This study aims to analyze the financial inclusion model on Batik SMEs' development in Cirebon Regency. Six constructs emerge as the objects of interest are financial literacy, financial technology, social capital, capital structure decisions, financial inclusion, and business development. 176 Batik-Cirebon artisans fill the questionnaires under the non-probability sampling technique and are analyzed using CB-SEM. The results prove that financial literacy, financial technology, social capital, capital structure decisions have a positive effect on financial inclusion, and financial inclusion positively affects business development Batik SMEs In Cirebon Regency

電気分解による水素を利用した脱窒反応装置の速度解析

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第448号，学位授与年月日：平成13年9月28日,学位授与年：200

Pengungkapan Sukarela Berdasarkan Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Kepemilikan Institusional

Abstract This study analyses the effect's degree of firm characteristics and institutional ownership on voluntary disclosure. Firm characteristics in this study are measured based on size and leverage. This study's panel data are from financial reports of 23 companies in the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014 to 2018 reporting period. By using panel data regression analysis, this study finds that company size does not affect voluntary disclosure. On the other hand, leverage positively affects voluntary disclosure, while institutional ownership has a negative effect. This study implies that voluntary disclosure is more determined by the need to win the competition and rationalize investors regarding their leverage. The company's size does not determine the voluntary disclosure level. The government needs to encourage the companies to reveal more information for better market within the pandemic through the Financial Services Authority. On the other hand, institutional ownership that has a negative effect on voluntary corporate disclosure shows that investors from other institutions tend not to have healthy controls in encouraging companies to make voluntary disclosures. Future research is expected to reexamine corporate voluntary disclosure determinants through other variables and use more than one method to ensure their robustness results. Keywords: Firm Characteristic; Institutional Ownership; Voluntary Disclosure AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pengaruh karakteristik dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap pengungkapan sukarela yang dilakukan perusahaan. Karakteristik perusahaan dalam penelitian ini diukur berdasarkan ukuran dan leverage. Data dalam penelitian ini yakni laporan keuangan dari 23 perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode laporan 2014 hingga 2018. Dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak mempengaruhi pengungkapan sukarela. Di sisi lain, leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan sukarela, sedangkan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh negatif. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengungkapan sukarela lebih ditentukan oleh kebutuhan untuk memenangkan persaingan serta keperluan memberikan rasionalisasi terhadap para investor terkait besarnya leverage yang dimiliki. Besar kecilnya ukuran perusahaan tidak menentukan tingkat pengungkapan sukarela sehingga pemerintah melalui OJK perlu mendorong pengungkapan sukarela perusahaan. Di sisi lain, kepemilikan institusional yang justru berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan sukarela menunjukan investor dari institusi lain cenderung belum memiliki pengendalian yang kuat dalam mendorong perusahaan agar melakukan pengungkapan sukarela. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menelaah kembali determinan pengungkapan sukarela melalui variabel-variabel lain serta menggunakan lebih dari satu metode untuk memastikan hasil yang robust. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik Perusahaan; Kepemilikan Institusional; Pengungkapan Sukarel

PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS LIPASE KAPANG LIMBAH KERNEL DAN NUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN RADIASI GAMA DAN ULTRAVIOLET

Enhancement of Lipase Activity of Molds Isolated from Kernel and Nut Waste of Oil Palm with Gamma and Ultraviolet IrradiationABSTRACTMolds isolated from oil palm waste sampled from Malingping, Lebak, Banten, West Java have the potential for lipase production. This study aimed to increase the fungal lipase activity with gamma radiation and ultraviolet light (UV). NA and KC mold spores were exposed to various gamma radiation doses of 1, 2, 3 and 4 kGy. The best of these NA and KC resulted mutants were followed by ultraviolet mutations for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, at dose of 0.1 J/cm2, 254 nm, 20 cm. Lipase activity was tested by the Lindfield method. The results showed that gamma radiation affected the lipase activity of NA1kGy mutants (8.58 U/mL) and KC1 kGy (8.25 U/mL), each increased the lipase activity by 4.6% and 3.13% from the wild type, respectively. Mutations with ultraviolet had an effect on mutant lipase activity of KC4H 10U/mL and NA3H 9.25 U/mL, each increased the lipase activity by 25% and 15.63% from the wild type, respectively. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic (28srRNA) approaches, a mold of KC had a 100% similarity with Aspergillus fumigatus strain RA204.Keywords: gamma radiation, KC mold, lipase, NA mold, ultraviolet light ABSTRAKKapang dari limbah kelapa sawit diisolasi dari Malingping, Lebak, Banten, Jawa Barat berpotensi untuk menghasilkan lipase. Penelitian ini betujuan meningkatkan aktivitas lipase kapang dengan radiasi sinar gama dan sinar ultraviolet (UV). Spora kapang NA dan KC dipaparkan pada berbagai radiasi gama dosis 1, 2, 3 dan 4 kGy. Hasil terbaik dari mutan NA dan KC dilanjutkan dengan mutasi ultraviolet dengan lama inkubasi 1, 2, 3, dan 4 jam, dosis 0,1 J/cm2, 254 nm, 20 cm. Aktivitas lipase diuji dengan metode Lindfield. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa radiasi gama berpengaruh pada aktivitas lipase mutan NA 1kGy 8,58 U/mL dan KC1 kGy 8,25 U/mL, masing-masing menaikkan aktivitas lipase sebesar 4,6% dan 3,13% dari wild type-nya. Hasil mutasi dengan ultraviolet berpengaruh pada aktivitas lipase mutan KC4H 10U/mL dan NA3H 9,25 U/mL, masing-masing menaikkan aktivitas lipase sebesar 25% dan 15,63% dari wild type-nya. Berdasarkan pendekatan fenotipik dan filogenetik (28s rRNA), isolat kapang kernel C memiliki similiaritas 100% dengan spesies Aspergillus fumigatus strain RA204.Kata Kunci: kapang KC, kapang NA, lipase, radiasi sinar gama, sinar ultraviole

DETERMINAN OPTIMALISASI KINERJA ORGANISASI DENGAN MODMED VARIABEL ANALISIS (Studi pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Kuningan)

Abstract This study aim to finding the empirical proof about the role of accountability in order to moderating the impact of employee work effectivity on organizational performance. Besides that, also the role of employee work effectivity in order to mediating the impact of organizational culture on performance in Education and Culture Institution of Kuningan Regency. This research method is quantitative approach to prove the teory about the relationship between hypothesized variables on teoretical model. Data analysis in this research used a moderating mediating (modmed) 14 regression model from Andrew F Hayes. The result of this research it was found that:1)The direct effect of organizational culture on organizational performance is not significant. 2) The employee work effectivity is significant become mediator variable to mediating the influence of organizational culture on organizational performance. 3) Accountability is significant become moderator variabel to moderating the influence of employee work effectivity on organizational performance. Keywords: Accountability, Organizational_Culture, Performanc

Gambaran Pengetahuan Lansia Penderita Hipetensi Tentang Hipertensi

Hipertensi adalah faktor resiko utama penyakit-penyait system peredaran darah yang merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi. Data dari Departemen Kesehatan RI, menunjukan penyakit hipertensi masih cukup tinggi dengan angka kematian 15,6 % dan bahkan cenderung meningkat seiring dengan gaya hidup yang lebih jauh dari perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, mahalnya biaya pengobatan hipertensi, disertai kurangnya sarana dan prasarana penanggulangan hipertensi. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Populasi yang di ambil adalah lansia dan pengambilan sampel dengan tekhnik non probability sampling method yang bersifat ccidental sampling, yaitu pengambilan sampel secara kebetulan ada atau tersedia pada saat penelitian berlangsung. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan motode angket/kuesioner dan pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metoda distribusi prosentase. Hasil dari penelitian menggambarkan sebagian kecil dari responden (18,1%) berada dalam kategori tingkat pengetahuan baik. Dan yang berada dalam kategori pengetahuan cukup (36,4%), dan sebagian besar berada dalam kategori pengetahuan kurang (45,5%) . kesimpulan dan dari penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Samarang Kabupaten Garut pada umumnya kurang. Perlu peningkatan kapasitas Puskesmas dan membutuhkan sumberdaya manusia serta pembiayaan untuk promosi kesehatan khususnya kesehatan lansia harus lebih ditingkatkan. Salah satu sumber yang potensial adalah dana kapitasi Puskesmas dari Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional sebagai penunjang program kegiatan lansia

PRODUKSI LIPASE DARI ISOLAT KAPANG HASIL MUTASI UNTUK TRANSESTERIFIKASI

Lipase Production by Mutant Fungal Isolates for Transesterification ABSTRACTLipase is used amongst others in biodiesel production, namely in the transesterification reaction. Kernel B (KB) was a fungus isolated from the waste of palm kernel and seed. The fungus produced lipase that catalysed the transesterification reaction with a lower activity compared to that of AK Amano commercial lipase. The purpose of this study was to obtain mutant fungi with higher transesterification activities than the wild type (KB). The mutation process was carried out using ultraviolet (UV) light, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), and N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NMNG) on KB fungus. The mutations using UV light produced 11 isolates, of which isolate m4.1KB1 produced a higher transesterification activity (0.172 U·mg-1) compared to the wild type. Mutant m5.7KB, which was generated from mutant m4.1KB1 treated using EMS, had its transesterification activity decreased to only 0.051 U·mg-1. Mutant m6.0,3KB2, which was resulted through NMNG treatment, experienced an increase in transesterification activity which was 91.2% higher than that of KB.Keywords: ethyl methane sulfonate, lipase, mutant fungi, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet ABSTRAKLipase dimanfaatkan salah satunya dalam produksi biodiesel, yaitu dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Kernel B (KB) merupakan kapang yang diisolasi dari limbah inti dan biji kelapa sawit, yang menghasilkan lipase sebagai katalis dalam reaksi transesterifikasi. Namun aktivitas transesterifikasi yang dihasilkan oleh lipase dari KB lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan lipase komersial AK Amano. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan mutan kapang dengan aktivitas transesterifikasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe liarnya (KB). Proses mutasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan sinar ultraviolet (UV), ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), dan N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NMNG) terhadap kapang KB. Mutasi KB dengan menggunakan sinar UV menghasilkan 11 isolat, dimana isolat dengan kode m4.1KB1 menghasilkan aktivitas transesterifikasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe liar, yaitu 0,172 U·mg-1. Mutan m5.7KB, yang dihasilkan dari mutan m4.1KB1 dengan perlakuan EMS, mengalami penurunan aktivitas transesterifikasi hingga hanya sebesar 0,051 U·mg-1. Mutan m6.0,3KB2 hasil perlakuan NMNG mengalami peningkatan aktivitas transesterifikasi sebesar 91,2% lebih tinggi dari KB.Kata Kunci: ethyl methane sulfonate, kapang mutan, lipase, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviole

Evaluation of teacher performance to quality learning in Madrasah Aliyah: A comparative study between Madrasah Aliyah Model and Non-Model Madrasah Aliyah in West Java

Teacher performance evaluation needs to be done at an educational institution with the aim to see the quality of teachers as the key determinant of success of an educational institution. Qualified teachers in turn are expected to improve the quality of learning. The purpose of this research is to know the performance evaluation of Madrasah Aliyah Model and Non Model in West Java, to know the quality of learning of Madrasah Aliyah Model and Non Model in West Java, to know the influence of teacher performance evaluation toward the quality of learning, to know comparison of teacher performance evaluation and learning quality between Madrasah Aliyah Model and Non Model in West Java as well as to know the supporting and inhibiting factors of performance evaluation of Madrasah Aliyah Model and Non Model teachers in West Java. This research uses quantitative approach, data collection technique is done through questionnaire, interview, observation and document study. The location of research in MAN 1 Bandung as MAN Model and MAN 1 Garut as MAN Non Model. Data analysis is done by using statistics. The results showed that teacher performance in both madrasahs showed quite effective performance. The quality of learning in both madrasah also shows good quality. While the influence of performance on the quality of learning in both madrasahs showed less significant effect that can be ignored or considered no effect. Comparison of teacher performance and learning quality indicate that MAN Model represented by MAN 1 Bandung is better than MAN Non Model which in research represented by MAN 1 Garut. The factors supporting the evaluation of teacher performance and the quality of learning in both madrasah are seniority of teachers so that they are professional, besides from the facility for MAN 1 Bandung becomes an advantage compared to other schools. Inhibiting factors are still low level of ability of teachers to write and research so that hard work of all parties to continue to improve the quality of both the performance of teachers and the quality of learning

OPTIMASI DAN PEMEKATAN LIPASE Bacillus halodurans CM1

Abstrak Lipase diketahui memiliki peranan penting dalam bidang industri. Produksi lipase dapat dihasilkan oleh kapang, khamir, dan bakteri. Penelitian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas lipase yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus halodurans CM1. Aktivitas lipase dapat ditingkatkan dengan optimasi komposisi media, mutasi bakteri dengan radiasi gamma dan N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG). Enzim yang dihasilkan dipekatkan dengan metode stirred-cell ultrafiltration (UF)-ammonium sulfat dan UF-Polyethylene glycol (PEG). Uji aktivitas dilakukan pada tujuh media yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan media produksi. Delapan variabel komposisi media dioptimasi dengan rancangan Plackett-Burman. Bakteri dimutasi dengan radiasi gamma dosis 0,1–0,4 kGy dan NTG 0,05–0,15 mg/mL dengan waktu inkubasi 1–3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media produksi yang digunakan berdasarkan optimasi media dan komposisi media Plackett-Burman adalah media dasar Bora & Bora yang mengandung 0,5% palm oil (PO) dan 0,09% CaCl2. Aktivitas lipase optimal diproduksi oleh bakteri hasil mutasi dengan NTG 0,1 mg/mL yang diinkubasi selama 3 jam. Pemekatan enzim UF-ammonium sulfat dan UF-PEG mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim lipase sebesar 18,44%.  Abstract Lipase is known to have an important role in the industrial field. Lipase can be produced by molds, yeasts, and bacteria. The research aimed to increase the activity of lipase produced by Bacillus halodurans CM1. Lipase activity can be improved by optimization of the composition of the media, the mutation of bacteria with gamma radiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The enzyme was concentrated by stirred-cell ultrafiltration method (UF)-ammonium sulfate and UF-Polyethylene glycol (PEG). The activity test was performed on seven different media to get production media. The eight variables of the media composition were optimized by Plackett-Burman design. The bacteria were subject to mutation by using 0.1–0.4 kGy dose of gamma radiation and 0.05–0.15 mg/mL NTG with incubation time for 1–3 hours. The results showed that the production media used based on optimization and composition of Plackett-Burman media was Bora Bora medium that containing 0.5% palm oil (PO) and 0.09% CaCl2. Optimum lipase activity was produced by the bacterium that mutated with 0.1 mg/mL NTG, incubated for 3 hours. The concentrated by UF-ammonium sulfate and UF-PEG could increase the lipase activity by 18.44%

Production of Xylanase by Recombinant Bacillus subtilis DB104 Cultivated in Agroindustrial Waste Medium

AbstractA recombinant Bacillus subtilis DB104 strain harbouring recombinant plasmid pSKE194 containing an Open Reading Frame (ORF) of endoxylanase and its indigenous promoter from the wild-type B. subtilis AQ1 strain was constructed. This recombinant B. subtilis DB104 strain had higher endoxylanase activity than the nonrecombinant B. subtilis DB104 strain in standard media, such as Luria Bertani (LB) and LB with xylan. The agroindustrial wastes corncobs and tofu liquid waste were chosen as cost-effective carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, to test the economics of xylanase production using the recombinant B. subtilis DB104 at a larger scale. Submerged fermentation using a 4.5 L working volume fermentor with tofu liquid waste and 4% corncobs produced maximum xylanase activity of 1296 ± 1.2 U/mg (601.7 ± 0.6 U/mL) after 48-hour fermentation at 37°C with 150 rpm agitation; this is more than twofold higher than the activity produced in an Erlenmeyer flask. This is the first report of high xylanase activity produced from recombinant B. subtilis using inexpensive medium. During fermentation, the xylanase degrades corncobs into xylooligosaccharides, showing its potential as an enzyme feed additive or in xylooligosaccharide production