The effect of fertilization and spacing on the yield and composition of soybeans

Among the agricultural crops of the United States soybeans, Glycine max. rank fourth in value. The response of this crop to direct fertilization and spacing between rows is inconsistent. The reasons for the lack of response are frequently not known. It has been suggested that one of the important phases of research on soybean nutrition might be to study the relationships between spacing and the nutrient needs of the crop. One phase of this study pertained to the response of soybean yield components to varying fertilizer application and different spacings between rows. Soybeans generally respond to lime applied to acid soils. These responses are in part related to the availability and uptake of other nutrients. A greenhouse experiment to determine the influence of lime and potash on the growth and composition of soybean plants was conducted

Street Dance in Temples of Perambalur District and its Impact

Developing a rural area is good for a city. Villages are places where civilization and culture are recreated. The family members feel happy and proud when close relatives visit their house. The villagers keep praying to the gods to protect the happiness of their family. During the worship people of various ethnicities unite and they organize many programs. Various cultural arts events and games are performed in these festivals. Artists participates and show off their skills in the events. At these times artists are given gifts and appreciation. Thus, the street dancers receive friendship and love from the audience as they express their artistic skills with various techniques. Although there are many events that can happen during the festival season, the one event that can impress the audience are street dance. The narrative element of the story acts as a bridge between the performers and the audience. The plot of the story is about the glory of the ancient leaders and the history of the deities. All these performances are done with the hope that it will influence the minds of the country people and guide them in their lives

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MAGNOLOL IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant activity of magnolol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) model.Methods: Antioxidant activity of magnolol was demonstrated in S. cerevisiae using spot assay, colony forming unit (CFU) assay, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescent microscopy and spectrofluorometer, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and catalase (CAT) assay.Results: A dose-dependent increase in sensitivity of S. cerevisiae was observed with increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. At 1.5 mmol concentration of H2O2, we observed 50 % of cell survivability in CFU and spot assay results. The sensitivity of S. cerevisiae to H2O2 was protected by magnolol treatment. In spot assay, magnolol pre-treatment showed the similar growth pattern as that of control and in CFU assay 75 % of survivability was observed. Fluorescence microscopic images and fluorescence intensity levels using 2´, 7´-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (H2DCFDA) showed less number of fluorescence cells and 1.2 fold decrease in fluorescence intensity in magnolol pre-treated cells. The cellular protection in the cells pre–treated with magnolol followed by H2O2 was correlated with the decreased LPO and increase in CAT activity was recorded.Conclusion: The result of the present study demonstrates that magnolol protects S. cerevisiae cells from H2O2 induced oxidant mediated cell death

A Soft Computing-Based Analysis of Congestion Management in Transmission Systems

Congestion in the transmitting system is unitarily responsible for technological problems that appear, especially in a deregulated environment. The post-deregulation operation history of the electrical power system has placed greater pressure on the Independent System Operator (ISO) to assure a secure, congestion-less transmission network. Blackout and brownout voltage dip issues occur due to the heavy loading condition. Hence, this paper presents a novel approach for the relief of congestion by using a nature-inspired algorithm, namely Particle Swarm Optimization and Firefly Algorithm by considering various factors for re-dispatching active power of generators during overloading conditions. The algorithms are tested on IEEE 30 and IEEE 39 Bus standard test systems and the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the MATLAB environment. The congestion management (CoM) method is formulated as a constrained optimization problem with the objective function of relieving the overloading through minimization of factors such as Generator Shift Factor (GSF), Bus Sensitivity Factor (BSF), Line utilization Factor (LUF), and Congestion Index (CI). These factors are helpful to mitigate the transmission congestion, which in turn helps to reduce the real power losses

Synthesis and potential cytotoxic activity of some new benzoxazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles and tetrazoles

The present work deals with the synthesis of some novel heterocyclic compounds such as benzoxazoles 2, 7, 13 and 19, imidazoles 3, 8, 14 and 20, benzimidazole 4, 9, 15 and 21, tetrazoles 10, 16, and 22. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell line such as, MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HT-29 (colon cancer) by MTT assay method. Among the tested compounds, compounds 4,4’-sulfonylbis(N-(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethyl)aniline (9), N-bis(2-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)ethyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (13), N-bis(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (15) and N-tris(2-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (21) show potent cytotoxicity

Material flow during the extrusion of simple and complex cross-sections using FEM

This paper deals with the extrusion of rod and shape sections and uses a 3D finite element model analysis (FEM) to predict the effect of die geometry on maximum extrusion load. A description of material flow in the container is considered in more detail for rod and shape sections in order to fully comprehend the transient conditions occurring during the process cycle. A comparison with experiments is made to assess the relative importance of some extrusion parameters in the extrusion process and to ensure that the numerical discretisation yields a realistic simulation of the process. The usefulness and the limitation of FEM are discussed when modelling complex shapes. Results are presented for velocity contours and shear stress distribution during the extrusion process. It is shown that for most of the shapes investigated, the material making up the extrudate cross-sections originates from differing regions of virgin material within the billet. The outside surface of the extrudate originates from the material moving along the dead metal zone (DMZ) and the core of the extrudate from the central deformation zone. The FE program appears to predict all the major characteristics of the flow observed macroscopically

Moisture-Driven Degradation Mechanisms in the Viscoelastic Properties of TPU-Based Syntactic Foams

Syntactic foams have found widespread usage in various applications including, marine, aerospace, automotive, pipe insulation, electrical cable sheathing, and shoe insoles. However, syntactic foams are often exposed to moisture when used in these applications that potentially alter their viscoelastic properties, which influences their long-term durability. Despite their significance, previous research has mainly focused on experimental studies concerning mechanical property changes resulting from filler loading and different matrix materials, overlooking the fundamental mechanisms resulting from moisture exposure. The current paper aims to bridge this gap in knowledge by elucidating the impact of long-term moisture exposure on TPU and TPU-based syntactic foam through multi-scale materials characterization approaches. Here, we choose a flexible syntactic foam manufactured using thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) reinforced with glass microballoons (GMB) through selective laser sintering. Specifically, the research investigates the influence of moisture exposure time and the volume fraction of GMB on chemical and microphase morphological changes, along with their associated mechanisms. The study further examines how these microphase morphological changes manifest in viscoelastic properties

Anisotropic Diffusion of n-Butane and n-Decane on a Stepped Surface

The diffusion of single n-butane and n-decane molecules on a model stepped surface, Pt(655), and on a corresponding flat surface, Pt(111), is investigated using molecular-dynamics simulations and anisotropic united atom model. The surface step on Pt(655) causes the alkane molecules to adsorb on the lower terrace in all-trans conformations with their long molecular axes adjacent and parallel to the step edge, and to diffuse anisotropically along the surface step via a constant wiggly motion without rotation or marked deviation from the parallel adsorption configuration. At relatively high temperatures, the alkane molecules can temporarily break away from the step edge but cannot migrate across the step edge in either the downstair or upstair direction. In comparison with the diffusion on Pt(111), the diffusivity of n-decane is reduced by the surface step but its diffusion barrier is hardly affected. In the case of the shorter n-butane, however, the surface step significantly reduces the diffusion energy barrier and gives rise to higher diffusion coefficients at lower temperatures. Important implications of the simulation results are discussed

Material flow during the extrusion of simple and complex cross-sections using FEM

This paper deals with the extrusion of rod and shape sections and uses a 3D finite element model analysis (FEM) to predict the effect of die geometry on maximum extrusion load. A description of material flow in the container is considered in more detail for rod and shape sections in order to fully comprehend the transient conditions occurring during the process cycle. A comparison with experiments is made to assess the relative importance of some extrusion parameters in the extrusion process and to ensure that the numerical discretisation yields a realistic simulation of the process. The usefulness and the limitation of FEM are discussed when modelling complex shapes. Results are presented for velocity contours and shear stress distribution during the extrusion process. It is shown that for most of the shapes investigated, the material making up the extrudate cross-sections originates from differing regions of virgin material within the billet. The outside surface of the extrudate originates from the material moving along the dead metal zone (DMZ) and the core of the extrudate from the central deformation zone. The FE program appears to predict all the major characteristics of the flow observed macroscopically

Analysis of Critical Factors for Automatic Measurement of OEE

The increasing digitalization of industry provides means to automatically acquire and analyze manufacturing data. As a consequence, companies are investing in Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) where the measurement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) often is a central part and important reason for the investment. The purpose of this study is to identify critical factors and potential pitfalls when operating automatic measurement of OEE. It is accomplished by analyzing raw data used for OEE calculation acquired from a large data set; 23 different companies and 884 machines. The average OEE was calculated to 65%. Almost half of the recorded OEE losses could not be classified since the loss categories were either lacking or had poor descriptions. In addition, 90% of the stop time that was classified could be directly related to supporting activities performed by operators and not the automatic process itself. The findings and recommendations of this study can be incorporated to fully utilize the potential of automatic data acquisition systems and to derive accurate OEE measures that can be used to improve manufacturing performance