Adrenal cyst – a case report

Adrenal cysts are classified as true cysts and pseudocysts. They are asymptomatic and an incidental finding in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. True cysts have a definite lining, whereas pseudocysts lack a lining. Pseudocysts can be either hemorrhagic, parasitic or cystic degeneration of a malignant primary or metastatic tumor. We report a case of adrenal pseudocyst in a 5 year old child

Validation of Smartphone Based Retinal Photography for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening.

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of "fundus on phone' (FOP) camera, a smartphone based retinal imaging system, as a screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and DR severity in comparison with 7-standard field digital retinal photography.Single-site, prospective, comparative, instrument validation study.301 patients (602 eyes) with type 2 diabetes underwent standard seven-field digital fundus photography with both Carl Zeiss fundus camera and indigenous FOP at a tertiary care diabetes centre in South India. Grading of DR was performed by two independent retina specialists using modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grading system. Sight threatening DR (STDR) was defined by the presence of proliferative DR(PDR) or diabetic macular edema. The sensitivity, specificity and image quality were assessed.The mean age of the participants was 53.5 ±9.6 years and mean duration of diabetes 12.5±7.3 years. The Zeiss camera showed that 43.9% had non-proliferative DR(NPDR) and 15.3% had PDR while the FOP camera showed that 40.2% had NPDR and 15.3% had PDR. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting any DR by FOP was 92.7% (95%CI 87.8-96.1) and 98.4% (95%CI 94.3-99.8) respectively and the kappa (ĸ) agreement was 0.90 (95%CI-0.85-0.95 p<0.001) while for STDR, the sensitivity was 87.9% (95%CI 83.2-92.9), specificity 94.9% (95%CI 89.7-98.2) and ĸ agreement was 0.80 (95%CI 0.71-0.89 p<0.001), compared to conventional photography.Retinal photography using FOP camera is effective for screening and diagnosis of DR and STDR with high sensitivity and specificity and has substantial agreement with conventional retinal photography

Sensitivity and specificity for diabetic retinopathy detection by retinal photography on fundus on phone (FOP) camera in comparison to Zeiss camera and the kappa agreement.

<p>DR- Diabetic retinopathy</p><p>NPDR- Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy</p><p>DME- Diabetic macular edema, STDR- Sight threatening diabetic retinopathy.</p><p>Sensitivity and specificity for diabetic retinopathy detection by retinal photography on fundus on phone (FOP) camera in comparison to Zeiss camera and the kappa agreement.</p

Fundus cameras.

<p>Fundus cameras.</p