Improve performance of the digital sinusoidal generator in FPGA by memory usage optimization

This paper presented the improvement in the performance of the digital sinusoidal signal generator, which was implemented in FPGA, by optimizing the usage of the available memory onboard. The sine wave was generated by using a Lookup Table method, where its pre-calculated values were stored in the onboard memory, and its frequency can be adjustable by changing the incremental step value of the memory address. In this proposed research, the memory stores only 25000 samples of the first quarter from a period of a sine wave and thus, the output signal accuracy was increased and the output frequency range was expanded, compared to the previous research. The proposed design was successfully developed and implemented in ALTERA Cyclone III DE0 FPGA Development Board, and its functionality was validated via functional simulation in Modelsim and also hardware experimental results observation in SignalTap II

Hardware Implementation Of Single Phase Three-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

In this paper a hardware implementation of single-phase cascaded H-bridge three level multilevel inverter (MLI) using sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is presented. There are a few interesting features of using this configuration, where less component count, less switching losses, and improved output voltage/current waveform. The output of power inverter consists of three form, that is, square wave, modified square wave and pure sine wave. The pure sine wave and modified square wave are more expensive than square wave. The focus paper is to generate a PWM signal which control the switching of MOSFET power semiconductor. The sine wave can be created by using the concept of Schmitt-Trigger oscillator and low-pass filter topology followed by half of the waveform will be eliminated by using the circuit of precision half-wave rectifier. Waveform was inverted with 180º by circuit of inverting op-amp amplifier in order to compare saw-tooth waveform. Two of PWM signal were produced by circuit of PWM and used digital inverter to invert the two PWM signal before this PWM signal will be passed to 2 MOSFET driver and a 3-level output waveform with 45 Hz was produced. As a conclusion, a 3-level output waveform is produced with output voltage and current recorded at 22.5 Vrms and 4.5 Arms. The value of measured resistance is 0.015 Ω that cause voltage drop around 0.043 V. Based on the result obtained, the power for designed inverter is around 100W and efficiency recorded at 75%

H-infinity controller with graphical LMI region profile for liquid slosh suppression

This paper presents a H-infinity synthesis with pole clustering based on LMI region schemes for liquid slosh control. Using LMI approach, the regional pole placement known as LMI region combined with design objective in H-infinity controller guarantee a fast input tracking capability and very minimal liquid slosh. A graphical profile of the transient response of liquid slosh suppression system with respect to pole placement is very useful in giving more flexibility to the researcher in choosing a specific LMI region. With the purpose to confirm the design of control scheme, a liquid slosh model is considered to represent the lateral slosh movement. Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with hybrid model-free fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter. The performance of the control schemes is examined in terms of time response specifications of lateral tank tracking capability and level of liquid slosh reduction

Liquid Slosh Suppression Hardware-in-the-Loop System by Implementing PID Model-Free Controller

Traditionally, the model-based controllers are hard to implement for the container system which contains liquid due to the disordered behavior of the liquid slosh. The purpose of this article is to develop a liquid slosh suppression hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system by implementing model-free PID controller. This system consists of DC motor to actuate the liquid container/tank to the prescribed location in the horizontal movement in the same time minimize the liquid slosh. The feedback signal from the encoder is used for developing the model-free PID controller. The experiment works is done by using LabVIEW and interfaced with hardware via data acquisition card. The performances evaluation of the liquid slosh suppression HIL system are based on the ability of the tank to follow the input in horizontal motion and liquid slosh level reduction. Based on the experimental results, the suggested model-free PID controller is capable to reduce the liquid slosh level in the same time produces fast input tracking of the tank

Liquid slosh control by implementing model-free PID controller with derivative filter based on PSO

Conventionally, the control of liquid slosh system is done based on model-based techniques that challenging to implement practically because of the chaotic motion of fluid in the container. The aim of this article is to develop the tuning technique for model-free PID with derivative filter (PIDF) parameters for liquid slosh suppression system based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO algorithm is responsible to find the optimal values for PIDF parameters based on fitness functions which are Sum Squared Error (SSE) and Sum Absolute Error (SAE) of the cart position and liquid slosh angle response. The modelling of liquid slosh in lateral movement is considered to justify the design of control scheme. The PSO tuning method is compared by heuristic tuning method in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed tuning approach. The performance evaluations of the proposed tuning method are based on the ability of the tank to follow the input in horizontal motion and liquid slosh level reduction in time domain. Based on the simulation results, the suggested tuning method is capable to reduce the liquid slosh level in the same time produces fast input tracking of the tank without precisely model the chaotic motion of the fluid

Development Of Portable Air Conditioning Using Peltier Effect For Small Area Uses

Air conditioning is the science of controlling dependent parameters such as human comfort,temperature,relative humidity and air quality.This paper presented the development of a portable air conditioning using Peltier Effect in the small area uses using Boost converter as current control devices.A Boost converter has been designed in order to supply a sufficient current that required to the Peltier module to operate.An Arduino UNO board is used to supply the boost converter with pulse width modulation to ensure the boost converter is able to boost the current up until required range of operation. The circuit then simulated using Proteus PCB Design and Simulation to validate the output voltage and current. Based on our findings,the boost converter is operated as predicted in term of a step up the current and voltage. The temperature for cold side are observed reach 23.6 °C in 300s at less than 1A current.This is due to Peltier module is a current control device where when the current increases,the efficiency decreases while maximum cooling occurs at some specific current.If we increased the output current,the cold side is observed to reach 23.6 °C in less than 240s.Based on our findings,this portable air conditioning is useful to cool a small area (20inch x 20inch) with ambient temperature during full load is consistently recorded at 23.6°C

Investigation Of Copper(I)Thiocyanate (CuSCN) As A Hole Transporting Layer For Perovskite Solar Cells Application

Copper(I) Thiocyanate (CuSCN) is an inorganic hole transporting layer (HTL) used in perovskite solar cells (PSC). This material offers higher stability and reliability compared to conventional HTL. In this work, for depositing CuSCN (inorganic compound) we were using spin coating technique. The annealing temperature of CuSCN is varied in order to analyze the structural and electrical characteristics. The structural characteristics are determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, the electrical characteristic is measured by the I-V characteristics measurement. SEM images show the material surface features such as crystallinity morphology and density. XRD and Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the coated surface on the ITO substrate is CuSCN. Besides, the I-V characteristic reveals that the conductivity with respect to annealing temperature. As a result, the optimized annealing temperature of CuSCN is 80 °C and showing conductivity of 62.96 S/m. In conclusion, CuSCN has a significant conductivity, hence suitable for the application as the HTL for perovskite solar cells

H-infinity controller with graphical LMI region profile for liquid slosh suppression

This paper presents a H-infinity synthesis with pole clustering based on LMI region schemes for liquid slosh control. Using LMI approach, the regional pole placement known as LMI region combined with design objective in H-infinity controller guarantee a fast input tracking capability and very minimal liquid slosh. A graphical profile of the transient response of liquid slosh suppression system with respect to pole placement is very useful in giving more flexibility to the researcher in choosing a specific LMI region. With the purpose to confirm the design of control scheme, a liquid slosh model is considered to represent the lateral slosh movement. Supremacy of the proposed approach is shown by comparing the results with hybrid model-free fuzzy-PID controller with derivative filter. The performance of the control schemes is examined in terms of time response specifications of lateral tank tracking capability and level of liquid slosh reduction

The Control Schemes Of Vehicle Steer By Wire System By Using Fuzzy Logic And Pid Controller

Recently, the Vehicle Steer-By-Wire (VSBW) system has improved significantly in terms of vehicle dynamics, comfort, safety, maneuverability and stability. VSBW eliminates the mechanical linkage between steering wheel and the front wheels which caused the practical problems for vehicle steering control. This study presents investigations into the development of PID and fuzzy logic control schemes for steering wheel returnability, directional control and wheel synchronization of a VSBW system. For PID control scheme, PD controller is used to control the returnability of steering wheel while PID controller is used to control the angle of front wheel. The Ziegler Nichols method is used for tuning the PID parameters. The fuzzy logic controller is used to control the returnability of steering wheel. The implementation environment is developed within LabView Software for comparison of performance for both control schemes. Implementation results of the response of the VSBW system with the PID and fuzzy logic controller are presented in time domains. The performances of control schemes are examined in terms of steering wheel returnability, directional control and wheel synchronization