NEGOSIASI PEMBELI DAN PEDAGANG DI PASAR TRADISIONAL GEUDONG (Studi pada Penjual Pakaian Dewasa di Kecamatan Samudera Kabupaten Aceh Utara Periode Bulan Januari- Mei 2021)

Penelitian ini berjudul “Negosiasi Pembeli Dengan Pedagang di Pasar Tradisional Geudong (Studi pada Penjual Pakaian Dewasa di Kecamatan Samudera Kabupaten Aceh Utara)”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Untuk mengetahui bagaimana negosiasi antara penjual dan pembeli melakukan transaksi jual beli di toko pakaian dewasa pada pasar tradisional Geudong Kecamatan Samudera Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Teori yang digunakan adala perilaku negosiasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan tiga teknik yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 orang. Hasil Penelitian menujukan bahwa negosiasi antara pedagang dan pembeli dalam menentukan kesepakatan harga ketika tawar-menawar barang dan penjelasan terhadap barang yang diperdagangkan, adanya timbal balik yang terjadi ketika melakukan tawar menawar antara kedua pihak karena pedagang pakaian pasar tradisional Kecamatan Samudera identik dengan tawar-menawar, serta penjelasan yang diberikan oleh pedagang akan membuat pembeli kembali bertanya ataupun memberi respon terhadap penjelasan pedagang

Biological Importance of Essential Oils

Essential oils are the volatile compounds having the oily fragrance. Essential oils are obtained from the different plant parts, and they are extracted from the different techniques and the most preferable method of extraction is the hydrodistillation which is cheap and easy to use. Plant parts including the flowers, leaves, stem, bark and roots are used for the isolation of essential oils. Essential oils are used in almost every field of life and because of these characteristics, the market of essential oils is growing rapidly. Essential oils are used in the aromatherapy and act as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, pain relievers, anxiety, depression. In the field of cosmetics and industries, the essential oils are used rapidly and mostly used in the perfume industries which are growing increasingly. Essential oils are used in the food preservations and many food items. Essential oils are used as the folk herbal medicines and their fragrance is used for the improvement of the mood and as the depression release

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPS Berbasis Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Keritis Peserta Dididk Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mendeskripsikan potret permasalahan dan kebutuhan akan bahan ajar IPS berbasis Discovery Learning   sehingga valid untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar. Mendesain bahan ajar IPS berbasis Discovery Learning   sehingga praktis untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar.  Mengukur efektivitas hasil pengembangan dan pemanfaatan bahan ajar IPS berbasis Discovery Learning   peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian research and development (RD). penelitian ini mengadopsi model penelitian Borg and Gall yang terdiri dari 10 tahapan yang sudah disederhanakan menjadi 6 tahapan yaitu, (Studi Pendahuluan, Penyusunan Desain Pengembangan Bahan Ajar, Validasi, Revisi.  Evaluasi, dan Implementasi). Adapun penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu: Tahap Studi pendahuluan, Uji Coba Produk sekala kecil, Uji Coba Produk Sekala besar. Peran dan fungsi validasi pakar ahli pada tahap pengembangan, menjadi dasar studi kelayakan produk, tanggapan pengguna menjadi dasar menetapkan kepraktisan produk, sedangkan data hasil pretest dan posttest pada tahap implementasi menjadi dasar menetapkan efektivitas produk. Hasil validasi pakar ahli materi nilai rata-rata 3,60, pakar ahli  bahasa nilai rata-rata 3,00, pakar ahli tehnologi nilai rata-rata 3,60 dan nilai 183, rata-rata tanggapan pengguna 3,75, dengan standar nilai maksimal (skor ideal) 4,0. Dengan demikian validasi produk secara komprehensif mendapat skor nilai rata-rata 3,40 Dengan kategori kualitas (sangat baik). Sedangkan hasil analisis uji efektivitas produk menggunakan analisis NGain score mendapat gain score mean 0,71

Cultivating a greener future:Exploiting trichoderma derived secondary metabolites for fusarium wilt management in peas

This study aimed to identify efficient Trichoderma isolate(s) for the management of Fusarium wilt in peas. Four different pea germplasms (Sarsabz, Pea-09, Meteor and Supreme) were evaluated for resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in pot assay. Resistant germplasm exhibits a varying range of disease severity (23%) and percent disease index (21%), whereas susceptible and highly susceptible germplasm exhibit maximum disease severity (44–79%) and percent disease index (47–82%). The susceptible germplasm Meteor was selected for in vivo experiment. Five different Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma koningii, T. hamatum, T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, and T. harzianum) were screened for the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes under in vitro. In-vitro biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. was assayed by percentage inhibition of dry mass of Fusarium oxysporum pisi (FOP) with Trichoderma spp. metabolite filtrate concentrations. Maximum growth inhibition was observed by T. harzianum (50–89%). T. harzianum metabolites in filtrate conc. (40%, 50%, and 60%) exhibited maximum reduction in biomass and were thus used for in vivo management of the disease. The pot experiment for in-vivo management also confirmed the maximum inhibition of FOP by T. harzianum metabolites filtrate at 60% by reducing disease parameters and enhancing growth, yield, and physiochemical and stress markers. Trichoderma strains led to an increase in chlorophyll and carotenoids (34-26%), Total phenolic 55%, Total protein content 60%, Total Flavonoid content 36%, and the increasing order of enzyme activities were as follows: CAT > POX > PPO > PAL in all treatments. These strains demonstrate excellent bio-control of Fusarium wilt in pea via induction of defense-related enzymes. The present work will help use Trichoderma species in disease management programme as an effective biocontrol agent against plant pathogens

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world’s largest tree genus Syzygium

Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation, Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide. Genomes of 182 distinct species and 58 unidentified taxa are compared against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that while Syzygium shares an ancient genome doubling event with other Myrtales, little evidence exists for recent polyploidy events. Phylogenomics confirms that Syzygium originated in Australia-New Guinea and diversified in multiple migrations, eastward to the Pacific and westward to India and Africa, in bursts of speciation visible as poorly resolved branches on phylogenies. Furthermore, some sublineages demonstrate genomic clines that recapitulate cladogenetic events, suggesting that stepwise geographic speciation, a neutral process, has been important in Syzygium diversification

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world's largest tree genus Syzygium

Acknowledgements Y.W.L. was supported by a postgraduate scholarship research grant from the Ministry of National Development, Singapore awarded through the National Parks Board, Singapore (NParks; NParks’ Garden City Fund). Principal research funding from NParks and the School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, is acknowledged. We thank Peter Preiser, Associate Vice President for Biomedical and Life Sciences, for facilitating NTU support, and Kenneth Er, CEO of NParks, for facilitating research funding through that organisation. V.A.A. and C.L. were funded by SBS, NTU for a one-year research leave. V.A.A. and C.L. also acknowledge support from the United States National Science Foundation (grants 2030871 and 1854550, respectively). S.R. was supported by a postdoctoral research fellowship under the NTU Strategic Plant Programme. S.R. and N.R.W.C. acknowledge funding from NTU start-up and the Academy of Finland (decisions 318288, 319947) grants to J.S. Fieldwork conducted by Y.W.L. was supported by an Indonesian Government RISTEK research permit (Application ID: 1517217008) and an Access License from the Sabah State government [JKM/MBS.1000-2/2JLD.7(84)]. T.N.C.V. is grateful to the Assemblée de la Province Nord and Assemblée de la Province Sud (New Caledonia) for facilitating relevant collection permits. A.N. was partly supported by the Research Project Promotion Grant (Strategic Research Grant No. 17SP01302) from the University of the Ryukyus, and partly by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20204003) from the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. Fieldwork in Fiji conducted by R.B. was hosted and facilitated by Elina Nabubuniyaka-Young (The Pacific Community’s Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees, Fiji). We thank the NTU-Smithsonian Partnership for tree data obtained for the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) long-term forest dynamics plots. Administrative support provided by Mui Hwang Khoo-Woon and Peter Ang at the molecular laboratory of the Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG) is acknowledged. Rosie Woods and Imalka Kahandawala (DNA and Tissue Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) facilitated additional DNA samples. Daniel Thomas (SBG) and Yan Yu (Sichuan University) commented on biogeographical analyses. NovogeneAIT in Singapore is acknowledged for personalised sequencing service.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world's largest tree genus Syzygium

The relative importance of the mechanisms underlying species radiation remains unclear. Here, the authors combine reference genome assembly and population genetics analyses to show that neutral forces have contributed to the radiation of the most species-rich tree genus Syzygium. Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation, Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide. Genomes of 182 distinct species and 58 unidentified taxa are compared against a chromosome-level reference genome of the sea apple, Syzygium grande. We show that while Syzygium shares an ancient genome doubling event with other Myrtales, little evidence exists for recent polyploidy events. Phylogenomics confirms that Syzygium originated in Australia-New Guinea and diversified in multiple migrations, eastward to the Pacific and westward to India and Africa, in bursts of speciation visible as poorly resolved branches on phylogenies. Furthermore, some sublineages demonstrate genomic clines that recapitulate cladogenetic events, suggesting that stepwise geographic speciation, a neutral process, has been important in Syzygium diversification.Peer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Training on Milkfish Processing for the Community Seumadu Island, Lhokseumawe

Milkfish Processing Training for the Seumadu Island Community, Batuphat Barat Village, Muara Satu District, Lhokseumawe City is important to carry out, because nowdays Lhokseumawe - Aceh, is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic which affects almost all sectors of the community's economy, including the tourism sector, so that it can boost the community's economy, especially the family economy, because milkfish has been a side sector for the people on Seumadu Island in addition to the tourism sector. There is also a method that is designed in this presto milkfish processing training to involve two groups of people who live in the tourism area of Seumadu Island, including: a group of housewives, and a youth group of Karang Taruna. Then these activities are also trained by experts in their fields who have experience in conducting fish processing training outside Aceh. Among the various types of fish, milkfish is one of the fish that is easy to find and has a lot of nutrition, because it contains many spines so that it is less attractive to the public. Then, milkfish also smells of earth, so many people do not like it. The smell of earth in fish can be caused by the presence of geosmin compounds produced by the fungus Actinomycetes and blue algae Oscillatoria tenus. This often occurs in ponds that are shallow and located far from the sea (land ponds), with this training, it can make milkfish taste more delicious and odorless, so that it can be liked by the general public

Detailed evaluation of physicochemical properties and microbial activities of Hanna Lake and Spin Karez

Access to clean drinking water is a major issue in many regions of the world, particularly in areas where groundwater is scarce. This study aims at determining the water quality of two lakes. Some parameters in this investigation were found to be above the WHO limit, while most were within the limit. For instance, the average value of electrical conductivity in Hanna Lake was 537.4 μS/cm, while it was 758.9 μS/cm in Spin Karez, which was above the WHO limits (>500 μS/cm). Turbidity in Hanna Lake was 4.17 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), within the WHO limits (<5 NTU), while in Spin Karez, it was 9.5 NTU above the WHO limits, and dissolved oxygen concentration average values were 9.06 mg/l in Hanna Lake and 8.86 mg/l in Spin Karez, above the permitted limits provided by the WHO (6.5–8 mg/l). The study also found that both lakes had high concentrations of microbial colonies, with 65 CFU/100 ml in Hanna Lake and 56 CFU/100 ml in Spin Karez. Based on these findings, an efficient water treatment technique should be adopted to remove these highly concentrated parameters in both lakes for purified water and future water demands. HIGHLIGHTS Detailed evaluation of all parameters.; Clean drinking water.; Microbial activities.; Climate change.; Lakes.