Development of Technology of Arsenic Removal from Acidic Waste Solutions in the Form of Arsenic Trisulfide

During the laboratory tests the conditions of arsenic removal from acidic waste solutions of metallurgical enterprise in the form of arsenic trisulfide were determined. The technology based on the reduction of pentavalent arsenic to trivalent state with sodium pyrosulfite solution and following arsenic trisulfide precipitation from acidic solution after treatment with sodium sulfide solution was proposed. The arsenic removal proceeds with mechanical stirring, dosing the calculated amounts of reagents and collecting emissions of hydrogen sulfide. With such treatment, about 95% of arsenic, which was in the initial solution, passes into the precipitate. An enlarged laboratory experiment was carried out and the precipitate with 42.6% of arsenic and 46.9% of sulfur was obtained. The precipitate yield was ∼25.7 kg (dry weight) out of 1 m3 of the initial arsenic containing solution. Keywords: arsenic, arsenic trisulfide, acidic waste solutions, sodium sulfide, sodium pyrosulfit

Quality of life following renal sympathetic denervation in treatment-resistant hypertensive patients: a two-year follow-up study

Objective. Hypertension is a significant health burden. In the last 10 years, renal sympathetic denervation has been tested as a potential treatment option for a select group of patients with treatmentresistant hypertension. The aim of this study was to broadly assess the quality of life in patients undergoing renal sympathetic denervation with two years’ follow-up. Materials and methods. Patients with treatment-resistant hypertension being treated by hypertension specialists were eligible for inclusion in this study. Bilateral renal sympathetic denervation was performed with the Symplicity Catheter System. Quality of life was measured using standardised questionnaires (Short Form 36, 15 D and a single-item question) and an open question before denervation, after six months and after two years. Results. A total of 23 patients were included. The typical participant was male, 53 years, had a mean office blood pressure of 162/108 mmHg, body mass index of 32 kg/m2 , and was prescribed 4.8 blood pressure lowering drug classes. At baseline, both physical and mental aspects of quality of life were affected negatively by the treatment-resistant hypertension. Over time, there were modest improvements in quality of life. The largest improvements were seen at six months. Simultaneously, the mean number of blood pressure lowering drug classes was reduced to 4.2. Conclusion. Following renal sympathetic denervation treatment, some aspects of health related quality of life showed an improved trend during follow-up. The observed improvement may reflect the impact of a reduced number of blood pressure lowering drug classes

Sex specificity in innate immunity of insect larvae

The innate immunity of insects has been widely studied. Although the effect of sex on insect immunity has been extensively discussed, differences in immunity between the sexes of larvae insects remain largely unstudied. Studying larval sex differences in immunity may provide valuable information about the mechanisms underlying the insect immune system, which, in turn, can be valuable for the development and improvement of pest management. Here we compared the antibacterial activity in both the midgut tissue and cell-free hemolymph of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) females and males at the larval stage without and after a challenge by entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. We also evaluated the sex-specific mortality of L. dispar induced by B. thuringiensis infection. We find that antibacterial activity in the midgut is activated by infection, but only in females. Thus, sex differences in immunity can have important effects even before sexual differentiation at adulthood

The environment and ergonomics of clothing in the design of a human comfort system

During the time of stay in the city outside the closed premises during the periods of seasonal cooling, for a human thermal protection is provided by clothing. Clothing for protection from the cooling environment in the city is considered comfortable if its weight and dimensions do not limit a person in a given route and specificity of movement and does not draw attention to their own thermal sensations (i.e., the thermal balance of a person does not go out of the biophysical norm). Effective smart thermal protective clothing requires the inclusion in the thermoregulation system of consideration of individual human activity, which to some extent depends on the weight of the garment. Paper shows the proposed schematic diagram of the concept of operation of the functional system of smart thermal protective clothing. On the basis of the developed models and established functional relations for the proposed structure of smart thermal protective clothing, studies of its thermal effect depending on the properties of the clothing have been carried out. The developed functional models of connections of input and output parameters of biotechnical system “man-clothing-environment” allowed to reveal regularities of influence of clothing parameters and its weight on thermal comfort of a person in it

Study the influence of the environment on heat transfer processes in sewing sheaths with heat-accumulating properties

In the article research results are presented, which aim to modeling of heat transfer processes in a system for evaluating the heat storage effect of combined cooling shells. Clothing and equipment corresponding to the type and activity of movements and work performed by a person are considered as a shell. To a certain extent, the task of compensating for excessive heat load is solved by special materials that are used in the manufacture of such shells. Such shells are multicomponent structures of materials from various fiber systems with the inclusion of ice modules. The main means of processes for evaluating and improving such technologies are mathematical modeling tools, in particular, heat transfer modeling in multilayer shells. The structure of a heat transfer model with the inclusion of a heat storage module in a fibrous sheath. To describe the heat transfer the mean radii of curvature of the geometric system “manheat-shielding shell” were calculated. The problem is considered when layers of various materials separate the external environment from ice. For the “man-clothing” section, the temperature field is calculated. The data obtained make it possible to evaluate the heat storage effect in combined cooling shells

ПРОГРАММНОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ «MINOR VARIANT FINDER» КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА УРОВНЯ АЛЛЕЛЬНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ СОМАТИЧЕСКИМИ МУТАЦИЯМИ ПРИ ОНКОГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ

The somatic mutation of JAK2 p. 1849 G> T (V617F) leads to cytokine-independent growth of bone marrow cell lines. It is one of the diagnostic criteria for chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm. Sanger sequencing is the gold standard for analyzing this mutation, but has low sensitivity. The Minor Variant Finder software is able to detect a mutation at the level of allelic load of 5%. To check the sensitivity of the software, the DNA of 7 patients with CMN with an already known level of allelic load were taken. Sanger sequencing and analysis in the Minor Variant Finder confirmed the declared sensitivity of the software.Соматическая мутация JAK2 c.1849 G>T (V617F) приводит к цитокин-независимому росту клеточных линий костного мозга. Она является одним из диагностических критерий хронических миелопролиферативных неоплазм. Секвенирование по Сэнгеру является золотым стандартом для анализа этой мутации, но имеет низкую чувствительность. Программное обеспечение «Minor Variant Finder» способно обнаружить мутацию при уровне аллельной нагрузки от 5%. Для проверки чувствительности ПО, были взяты ДНК 7-ми пациентов с ХМН с уже известным уровнем аллельной нагрузки. Секвенирование по Сэнгеру и анализ в «Minor Variant Finder» подтвердили заявленную чувствительность ПО

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ДНК, ВЫДЕЛЕННОЙ ИЗ ОБРАЗЦОВ КОСТНОГО МОЗГА В ПАРАФИНОВЫХ БЛОКАХ ОТ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХМН, ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ МУТАЦИЙ

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a clonal disease characterized by impaired proliferation of myelopoietic cell lines. WHO recommends molecular genetic studies to confirm the diagnosis and determine the phenotypic form. It is assumed that the study of DNA isolated from bone marrow in paraffin blocks from triple-negative patients with MPN will reveal somatic mutations (in JAK2, CALR, MPL genes) associated with MPNThis study shows that bone marrow DNA in paraffin blocks from patients with MPN is suitable for genetic studies.Хронические миелопролиферативные неоплазмы (ХМН) – клональные заболевания, характеризующиеся нарушением пролиферации миелоидной линии клеток в костном мозге. Для подтверждения диагноза и определения фенотипической формы, ВОЗ рекомендуется проведение молекулярно-генетических исследований. Предполагается, что исследование ДНК, выделенной из костного мозга в парафиновых блоках от тринегативных пациентов с ХМН, позволит выявить соматические мутации (в генах JAK2, CALR, MPL), ассоциированные с ХМН. В данной работе показано, что ДНК из костного мозга в парафиновых блоках от пациентов с ХМН пригодна для генетических исследований

Treatment of children with medulloblastoma without metastatic involvement in the age group older than 3 years: international experience and results of intercenter trial

Background. During the past 20 years, some large international studies have been conducted that evaluated the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with medulloblastoma. At the same time, in the standard risk group, fairly high rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were achieved, which amounted to 85% and 80%, respectively. At the present time some risk-adaptive therapeutic programs are developed according to molecular-biological features of tumor cells and possibility of chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation (CSI) therapy dose reduction. Materials and methods. From 2008 to 2018 fifty one pediatric patients with primary diagnosed medulloblastoma in the age group 318 years were included in trial, 38 in standard risk group, 13 in high risk group (without metastatic disease). Treatment program consisted of surgical removal of the primary tumor site with subsequent chemotherapy (with high-dose cyclophosphamide or thiophosphamide) and radiation therapy (with CSI of 23.4 Gy or 36 Gy, depending on the risk group). In order to detect morphological and molecular biological distinctive features of tumor cells, the following criteria were evaluated: histological variant, molecular subgroup, methyltransferase status by DNMT and MGMT proteins expression, presence of C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation. Results. As a result of this study, sufficiently high rates of overall survival and progression/relapse-free survival (PRFS) were achieved in standard and high-risk groups patients, which amounted to 76.08.8% and 83.310.8% with median follow-up 62.96.2 months and 52.27.8 months, respectively. There was revealed patients group in the age 37 years with 100% PRFS and median follow-up 66.98.9 months. At the same time, morphological and molecular biological factors of an unfavorable outcome of the disease were absent in the tumor samples (large cell anaplastic histology, C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation). We have also achieved 100% PRFS in patients with desmoplastic tumor histology and in patients, who were treated with thiphosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. Molecular-biological characteristics analysis of tumor cells showed a negative effect on PRFS of DNMT-positive status (Score 4, by 3 markers) and presence of N-MYC gene amplification (SHH molecular subgroup). Conclusion. There was identified a group of patients aged 3 to 7 years, for whom the possibility for reducing of CSR dose down to 18 Gy opens. Understanding of tumor cells methyltransferase status creates the prerequisites for using of epigenetic demethylating therapy. It is necessary more observations to assess the effect of the chemotherapy regimen with high-dose thiophosphamide on the PRFS