Effects of Apelin-13 on Human Prostate Cancer Lines [Insan Prostat Kanseri Hucre Serilerinde Apelin-13un Etkileri]

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent type of cancer in men. The exact solution for the treatment of different types of cancers has not been fully elucideted. Apelin secreted from adipose tissue reveals its effects by binding to APJ receptor. Obesity develops together with increased adipose tissue, and the increase of obesity related-apelin secretion is known. Obesity is a risk factor in the development of cancer, and considering both apelin and its receptor widely localized in the tissues of testis and prostate and apelin may have significant effects on prostate cancer. In the present study, 0.1, 1 and 10 nM concentrations of apelin-13 and three different testosterone concentrations (1, 10 and 100 nM) were separately aplied to human prostate cancer cells with LNCaP (androgen receptor positive) and DU-145 (androgen receptor negative). Then 1, 10 and 100 nM concentrations of testosterone hormone and 10 nM dose of apelin-13 incubated for 24 h in the prostate cancer cells were administrated and were allowed to incubate for 24 h. Effects of apelin-13 and testosterone on prostate cancer cells were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. At the end of the experiment, DU-145 did not affected cell viability while the treatment with apelin -13 and testosterone increased the viability of LNCaP cells (p [Med-Science 2014; 3(3.000): 1427-41

Preventive role of gallic acid on hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats

There is little information about the hepatoprotective effects of gallic acid against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage. Animals were subjected to I/R. Gallic acid at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) were injected as a single dose prior to ischemia. Liver tissue homogenates were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. At the same time alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum samples and compared statistically. While the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels were significantly increased, CAT and GPx activities significantly decreased in only I/R-induced control rats compared to normal control rats (P < 0.05). Treatment with gallic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw significantly decreased the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels, and markedly increased activities of CAT and GPx in tissue homogenates compared to I/R-induced rats with no treatment group (P < 0.05). In oxidative stress generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, gallic acid contributes partially an alteration in the delicate balance between the scavenging capacity of antioxidant defense systems and free radicals in favour of the antioxidant defense systems in the body

Carvacrol Partially Reverses Symptoms of Diabetes in Stz-Induced Diabetic Rats

Little is known about the protective effects of carvacrol on the symptoms of streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Hence, this present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the strong antioxidant, carvacrol, on the symptoms of streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Carvacrol at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight were orally administered to diabetic rats for a period of 7 days after the onset of diabetes. Food-water intake and body weight changes were daily recorded. Biochemical parameters such as serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Although treatment of diabetic rats with oral administration of carvacrol resulted in a slight reduction in serum glucose level and significant reduction in serum total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in comparison with diabetic control rats, there were no significant differences in serum insulin levels, food-water intake values and body weight changes. Despite the inadequacy of carvacrol on diabetes treatments, it was determined to have at least a partially protective role on liver enzymes.PubMedWoSScopu

Gastroprotective effects of oleuropein and thymol on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague-Dawley rats

Erol, Huseyin Serkan/0000-0002-9121-536X; KOCPINAR, ENVER FEHIM/0000-0002-6031-4664; Budak, Harun/0000-0002-7371-8959; /0000-0001-6208-165XWOS:000551592600001PubMed: 30426792Ethnopharmacological studies demonstrated that thymol (Thym) and oleuropein (Ole) have therapeutic potential for gastric ulcers. The molecular mechanism underlying the gastroprotective effects of these compounds have not been elucidated yet especially for their individual and combination use at high dose. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore their gastroprotective mechanisms on indomethacin (Indo)-induced gastric ulcer model. Ole (50,100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and Thym (50,100, 200, and 500 mg/kg) were orally administered to the rats 10 min before the induction of ulcer with Indo. The combination of 500 mg/kg doses of Ole and Thym were applied. The gastric mucosa was evaluated histopathologically. Moreover, TAC/TOS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E-2(PGE(2)), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and caspase-3 levels were assessed by ELISA and the caspase-3 and TNF-alpha expressions were quantified by qRT-PCR. Indo-induced histopathological changes while Ole and Thym pretreatment prevented these effects. Unlike the 500 mg/kg dose of Ole treatment, the 500 mg/kg dose of Thym administration enhanced these damages. The decreased TAC, PGE(2)levels and increased TOS, eNOS, TNF-alpha, caspase-3 levels were obtained in Indo group. However, these changes were reversed by Ole and Thym groups except the 500 mg/kg dose of Thym and the combination treatment groups. Similar trends were observed in the caspase-3 and TNF-alpha expression levels. These results demonstrated that enhanced inflammation, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, and apoptotic activities were occurred in Indo, 500 mg/kg dose of Thym and the combination treatment groups while not in the other groups. The findings demonstrated the gastroprotective ability of Ole and low doses of Thym in gastric ulcer models

Effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins

This study was conducted to determine the possible effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each group: control, sham, 10 and 100 μM MOTS-c. Hypothalamus, blood, muscle, adipose tissues samples were collected for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), UCP1 and UCP3 levels were determined by the RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Serum thyroid hormone levels were determined by the ELISA assays. MOTS-c infusion was found to increase food con- sumption but it did not cause any changes in the body weight. MOTS-c decreased serum TSH, T3, and T4 hormone levels. On the other hand, it was also found that MOTS-c administration increased UCP1 and UCP3 levels in peripheral tissues. The findings obtained in the study show that central MOTS-c infusion is a directly effective agent in energy metabolism