Ocular surface ophthalmoheliosis in a region of Patagonia

The aim of this mini review is to describe the prevalence of Environmental Proteinaceous Corneal Degeneration (EPCD), pinguecula and pterygium and the association among them. We performed a transversal/observational study in individuals living all their lives in the El Cuy Department, province of Río Negro in the Argentinean Patagonia. The patients investigated were consecutive non-probabilistic. The prevalence of ophthalmoheliosis was 34% of pinguecula, followed by 30% of EPCD and 12% of pterygium. A statistically significant association was found between EPCD and male patients (p Fil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Sustentación de caso: propuesta de un plan estratégico del ingreso al mercado peruano de una empresa del sector fast fashion

El paso de Fast Retailing hacia su expansión fue abrir la primera tienda UNIQLO en Hiroshima, suceso que le permitió empezar a crecer exponencialmente. En la actualidad, el grupo se ha hecho de siete marcas, algunas de ellas adquiridas y otras desarrolladas, de esta manera ofrece distintas propuestas de valor y llega a varios segmentos. Una de sus principales virtudes es que aplica el modelo SPA en sus negocios, es decir, se hace cargo de toda la cadena de actividades para desarrollar sus productos y hacerlos llegar al mercado. El grupo no es ajeno a la competencia, ya que tiene como principales retadores de UNIQLO a Zara, H&M, GAP y Forever 21; estos actores van ganando presencia global y Fast Retailing no puede ser la excepción. Una desventaja de UNIQLO frente a los ya mencionados es que aún no tiene presencia en Latinoamérica, mercado que está creciendo en la industria retail y cuenta con potencial por explotar. Además, es importante destacar que operadores de e-commerce están llegando a más mercados a nivel mundial y Perú no es ajeno a ello. A futuro, el internet retailing jugará un papel muy importante y, como señala Yanai en su discurso del 1 de enero de 2011, es esencial que el grupo se renueve o morirá. Tomando en cuenta factores como la declaración de La Cámara de Comercio de Lima, en la que advierte que el sector crecerá entre 6% a 9% por encima del promedio nacional (Mercadonegro, 2018), la proyección de apertura de un número significativo de centros comerciales y la gran expectativa del consumidor, se realiza a continuación un análisis sobre la situación actual de Fast Retailing y propone una estrategia de entrada al mercado peruano

Pregnancy In Women Undergoing Hemodialysis: Case Series In A Southeast Brazilian Reference Center.

To describe maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women undergoing hemodialysis in a referral center in Brazilian Southeast side. Retrospective and descriptive study, with chart review of all pregnancies undergoing hemodialysis that were followed-up at an outpatient clinic of high- risk prenatal care in Southeast Brazil. Among the 16 women identified, 2 were excluded due to follow-up loss. In 14 women described, hypertension was the most frequent cause of chronic renal failure (half of cases). The majority (71.4%) had performed hemodialysis treatment for more than one year and all of them underwent 5 to 6 hemodialysis sessions per week. Eleven participants had chronic hypertension, 1 of which was also diabetic, and 6 of them were smokers. Regarding pregnancy complications, 1 of the hypertensive women developed malignant hypertension (with fetal growth restriction and preterm delivery at 29 weeks), 2 had acute pulmonary edema and 2 had abruption placenta. The mode of delivery was cesarean section in 9 women (64.3%). All neonates had Apgar score at five minutes above 7. To improve perinatal and maternal outcomes of women undergoing hemodialysis, it is important to ensure multidisciplinary approach in referral center, strict control of serum urea, hemoglobin and maternal blood pressure, as well as close monitoring of fetal well-being and maternal morbidities. Another important strategy is suitable guidance for contraception in these women.375-

Learning contract, co-operative and flipped learning as useful tools for studying metabolism

Es el Abstract de una comunicación a un congreso internacional sobre educaciónUndergraduate students in Biology identify Metabolic Biochemistry as a particularly difficult subject. This is due to the fact that students need to interconnect properly all the contents of its syllabus throughout their study of the subject in order to get a global insight of the complex regulatory features controlling metabolic pathways within the metabolic network under different physiologic and pathologic conditions, as well as metabolism as a whole. Due to these objective difficulties, a high percentage of our students face the study of this subject as a very hard task beyond their forces and capacities. This perception leads to high rates of premature dropout. In previous years, less than 40% of all the registered students attended the examinations of Metabolic Biochemistry (a subject in the second year of the Degree of Biology at our University). Even worse, less than 25% of our students passed the exams. From the academic year 2015/16 on, we are developing innovative teaching projects (PIE15-163 and PIE17-145, funded by University of Malaga) aimed to increase our student loyalty to the subject (and hence to increase their attendance to exams) and to help them to learn more effectively metabolism and its regulation. These innovative teaching projects are based on the use of several powerful tools: a learning contract and problem-based learning within the framework of group tasks promoting an actual collaborative learning in a flipped classroom. The present communication will show the implementation of the PIE15-163 and PIE17-145 projects and some results obtained from them.This work was supported by Malaga University funds granted to the educational innovation project PIE17-145. The attendance to the END2018 International Conference on Education and New Developments (June 2018, Budapest, Hungary) has received a grant from "I Plan Propio Integral de Docencia. Universidad de Málaga"]

Exigencia del certificado de residencia para la aplicación del convenio para evitar la doble imposición en Perú

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional tiene como objetivo analizar la problemática existente entre los certificados de residencia y los Convenios para Evitar la Doble Imposición (en adelante, “CDI”) en Perú. Se ha identificado que el Decreto Supremo 090-2008-EF, dispone el deber del contribuyente de presentar el Certificado de Residencia para aplicar un CDI, lo cual es incompatible con dicho Tratado. El problema central reside en que este Decreto impone requisitos suplementarios que no están contemplados en los CDI y que distorsionan la intención original de las partes que acordaron estos tratados, ya que conduce a una restricción y distorsión en la implementación de los acuerdos. La Corte Suprema de Justicia ha emitido una sentencia en la que establece que, bajo el Principio de Jerarquía Normativa, una norma de rango inferior excede lo pactado en un CDI, por lo tanto, se debe aplicar lo establecido en este último. Además, se tiene el en cuenta que el requerimiento adicional del Certificado de Residencia establecido en el Decreto Supremo vulnera el Principio de Pacta Sunt Servanda, ya que este señala que los Tratados deben cumplirse bajo propios términos. En conclusión, la exigencia del Certificado de Residencia para aplicar los CDI en Perú se debe a la imposición de condiciones adicionales establecidas en un Decreto Supremo que excede lo pactado en dichos CDI, lo cual genera una vulneración de los Principios antes señalados. Bajo ese escenario, es necesario revisar y ajustar la normativa para garantizar una correcta aplicación del convenio y evitar conflictos normativos que afecten a los contribuyentes y a la seguridad jurídica.The purpose of this professional sufficiency work is to analyze the issues between the residence certificate and the Double Taxation Agreements (hereinafter, "DTAs") in Peru. It has been identified that Supreme Decree No. 090-2008-EF, which establishes the obligation to present the residence certificate to apply a treaty, is incompatible with said Treaty. The main issue is that this Decree establishes additional conditions that have not been foreseen in the DTAs and distort the will of the contracting parties, as it results in a limitation and distortion in the application of the treaties. The Supreme Court has issued a ruling that, under the Principle of Normative Hierarchy, a lower-ranking norm exceeds what is agreed in a DTA; therefore, what is established in the latter must be applied. Furthermore, the additional requirement of the residence certificate established in the Supreme Decree violates the Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle, which states that agreements must be fulfilled under their own terms. In conclusion, the requirement for a residence certificate to apply DTAs in Peru is due to the imposition of additional conditions established in a Supreme Decree that exceed what is agreed in these DTAs, which constitutes a violation of the aforementioned principles. In this scenario, it is necessary to review and adjust the regulations to ensure the proper application of the treaty and to avoid normative conflicts that affect taxpayers and legal security.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Clinical, Functional and Structural Studies of Humans and Merino Sheep Corneas from Two Different Regions of Argentina

Objective: The purpose of our work was to study and compare the cornea and tear film of people and sheep inhabiting in a region of Argentinean Patagonia (PATG), and in a geographically and climatically different region in the Argentinean Pampa (CAPT).Methods: Using cross sectional study, corneal examinations were performed in people and Merino sheep inhabiting PATG and CAPT regions, respectively. All people completed a questionnaire related to work activity, diet, and the use of hats or sunglasses during their life. Eyes from all participants were examined with a portable hand- held slit-lamp biomicroscope (BM) to evaluate corneal appearance, epithelium integrity, and transparency. Later on, in a subgroup of participants we studied eye blinking frequency (EBF), ocular surface staining (FS), breakup time (BUT), Schirmer Tear Test (STT), corneal structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and light microscopy (LM), and concentrations of serum ascorbate (sAA).Results: BM studies revealed numerous cases of climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) only in people inhabiting the PATG region. CLSM studies confirmed typical punctate deposits at the Bowman ́s layer in CDK patients living in that region. CLSM images from sheep did not show any abnormalities at the Bowman ́s layer but exhibited small hyper reflective dots at the epithelium only in animals pasturing in the PATG region. FS and EBF mean values were significant higher in sheep grazing in the PATG region (p <0.05). No differences were found in surface eye tests when people from both regions were analyzed. Low sAA levels were found only in CDK people living in PATG region.Conclusions: CDK is a multi-factorial disease not only associated to harsh climate. We provide data that low sAA levels can play a role in its genesis in Patagonia patients?... Sheep pasturing in this region with a high prevalence of CDK have high concentration of sAA and did not present any sub epithelial corneal abnormalities.Fil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Crim, Nicolás. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Monti, Rodolfo. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Esposito, Evangelina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Urrets Zavalía, Julio Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Climatic droplet keratopathy: An old disease in new clothes

Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) is an acquired and potentially handicapping cornea degenerative disease that is highly prevalent in certain rural communities around the world. It predominantly affects males over their forties. It has many other names such as Bietti's band-shaped nodular dystrophy, Labrador keratopathy, spheroidal degeneration, chronic actinic keratopathy, oil droplet degeneration, elastoid degeneration and keratinoid corneal degeneration. CDK is characterized by the haziness and opalescence of the cornea's most anterior layers which go through three stages with increasing severity. Globular deposits of different sizes may be histopathologically observed under the corneal epithelium by means of light and electron microscopy. The coalescence and increased volume of these spherules may cause the disruption of Bowman's membrane and the elevation and thinning of the corneal epithelium. The exact aetiology and pathogenesis of CDK are unknown, but they are possibly multifactorial. The only treatment in CDK advanced cases is a corneal transplantation, which in different impoverished regions of the world is not an available option. Many years ago, the clinical and histological aspects of this disease were described in several articles. This review highlights new scientific evidence of the expanding knowledge on CDK's pathogenesis which will open the prospect for new therapeutic interventions.Fil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Holopainen, Juha M.. University of Helsinski; FinlandiaFil: Beuerman, Roger. Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapur. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; SingapurFil: Kaarniranta, Kai. University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; FinlandiaFil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Urrets Zavalía, Julio Alberto. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; Argentin

On the Cornea of Healthy Merino Sheep: A Detailed Ex Vivo Confocal, Histological and Ultrastructural Study

Our study performed qualitative and quantitative studies on the corneal ultrastructure of healthy female Merino sheep of ages 4 months and 6 years old from the Argentinean Pampa. The corneas were evaluated using ex vivo laser-scanning confocal microscopy, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Those studies allowed us to obtain detailed images of the corneal layers as well as quantitative data of the cellular and sub-basal nerve densities in the cornea from sheep of different ages. The density of the corneal cells was significantly different in the anterior versus the posterior epithelium and stroma. Moreover, the density of the epithelial, stromal cells and endothelial cells, as well as the sub-basal nerve density were significantly lower in adult than in young animals. Our work provided a wide-ranging description of the corneal ultrastructure of healthy female Merino sheep, which adds to the current knowledge about the ophthalmological aspects of this species and undoubtedly benefits veterinarians.Fil: Cafaro, Thamara Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Suarez, Maria Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Croxatto, Juan Oscar. Fundación Oftalmológica Argentina "J. Malbrán". Departamento de Patología Ocular y Ultraestructura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Insfran, Constanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Urrets Zavalía, Julio Alberto. Universidad Catolica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola. Dto de Oftalmologia; ArgentinaFil: Serra, Horacio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentin

Asesorías telefónicas en un servicio de toxicología 2006-2009

Objetivos Establecer el perfil epidemiológico de las asesorías telefónicas del servicio de toxicología de la IPS Colsubsidio durante los años 2006-2009. Métodos Estudio descriptivo poblacional de 594 asesorías telefónicas realizadas por el servicio de toxicología a los médicos que atendieron pacientes que consultaron por exposición a sustancias tóxicas.Resultados En cuanto al grupo etáreo, se presentaron dos picos entre los 0 a los 6 años siendo los hombres los más implicados por causas accidentales y entre 13 a los 18 años en donde predominan las mujeres que se intoxican con fines suicidas. La principal causa de intoxicación fue de origen accidental, seguido por los intentos de suicidio, no encontrando diferencias significativas entre estas proporciones. Los medicamentos son las principales sustancias con las cuales se intoxicó la población del estudio, el tratamiento sintomático fue la terapéutica más usada. Otras variables estudiadas fueron la distribución de las intoxicaciones en el tiempo y la vía de intoxicación.Conclusiones El perfil de intoxicaciones identificado en esta investigación se asemeja en gran parte a lo reportado en la literatura del resto del continente americano. Llama la atención que no se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las intoxicaciones accidentales y las de fines suicidas. Este estudio es un referente estadístico para Bogotá y ciudades similares