30 research outputs found
Anatomical characteristics and visibility of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: panoramic radiography vs. cone beam CT
Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a small foramen located in the anterolateral region of the mandible
through which the mental nerve and vessels emerge. The knowledge on the anatomic characteristics and variations of MF is very important in surgical procedures involving that area. The aim of this study was two-fold:
firstly, to analyze the anatomic characteristics of MF and the presence of accessory mental foramen (AMF) using
CBCT and, secondly, to compare the capability of CBCT and PAN in terms of MF and AMF visualization, as well
as influencing factors.
Material and Methods: A sample of 344 CBCT scans was analyzed for presence and characteristics (i.e. diameter,
area, shape, exit angle) of MF and AMF. Subsequently, corresponding PANs were analyzed to ascertain whether
MF and AMF were visible.
Results: Out of the 344 patients, 344 (100%) MFs and 45 (13%) AMFs were observed on CBCT. Regarding gender,
MF diameter and area, MF-MIB and MF-MSB distances, and exit angle were all significantly higher in males.
Also, statistically significant differences were found in terms of age and dental status. Statistically significant
differences in MF long and short diameters and MF area were found with respect to AMF presence (
p
=.021,
p
=.008,
p
=.021). Only 83.87% of the MFs and 45.83% of the AMFs identified on CBCT were also visible on PANs.
MF diameter, shape, exit angle, and age had a significant influence on MF visualization on PAN (B=.43,
p
=.005;
B=-.55,
p
=.020; B=.20,
p
=.008; B=.61,
p
=.005).
Conclusions: PAN is not an adequate technique to properly identify MF and AMF. Diameter, shape, exit angle, and
age are all factors influencing MF visualization on PAN images. For surgery involving the MF anatomical region, a
preoperative radiological study with CBCT is of crucial importance to avoid complications
Critical anatomic region of nasopalatine canal based on tridimensional analysis: cone beam computed tomography
The study aim of this was to define the critical anatomic region of the premaxilla by evaluating dimensions of nasopalatine canal, buccal bone plate (BBP) and palatal bone plate (PBP). 230 CBCTs were selected with both, one or no upper central incisors present (+/+, â/+, â/â) and periodontal condition was evaluated. T-student test, ANOVA, PearsonÂŽs correlation and a multivariant-linear regression model (MLRM) were used. Regarding gender, significant differences at level 1 (lower NC) were found for: buccal-palatal, transversal and sagittal NC diameters and NC length (NCL). Regarding dental status, significant differences were found for: total BBP length (tBL) and PBP width (PW2) at level 2 (NCL midpoint). NCL was correlated with PW2, tBL and PBP length at level 3 (foramina of Stenson level). An MLRM had a high prediction value for NCL (69.3%). Gender is related to NC dimensions. Dental status has an influence on BBP dimensions, but does not influence on NC and PBP. Periodontal condition should be evaluated for precise premaxillae analysis NC diameters at the three anatomical planes are related to each other, while NCL is related to BBP and PBP lengths. A third of premaxilla is taken up by NC, thus, establishing the critical anatomic region.S
Prevalence and caries-related risk factors in schoolchildren of 12-and 15-year-old: a cross-sectional study
Background: To assess the prevalence and severity of caries in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse
the related risk factors.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1843 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 from
Galicia (northwest of Spain). Self-administered questionnaire and dental clinical examination were performed to
obtain information about oral health habits, dental caries and oral hygiene. A logistic regression model including
dental-caries-related variables was generated for each age group.
Results: The respective findings for 12- and 15-years-old were as follows: decayed, missing, filled teeth index both
for permanent and temporary dentition (DMFT/dmft) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87â0.91) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.33â1.43),
respectively; caries prevalence 39.6% (95% CI, 36.3â42.9) and 51.7% (95% CI, 48.0â55.4), respectively. In the 12-yearold
group, individuals who occasionally, never or hardly ever brushed their teeth had higher values of caries
(OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.07â3.15, and OR = 9.14, 95% CI1.63â51.17, respectively). Also, the presence of plaque on more
than 1/3 gingival was statistically associated with an increase of caries (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11â3.70), and living in a
rural environment was a risk factor (OR = 1.3; 95% CI,1.02â1.80). In the 15-year-old group, higher caries risk was
found when brushing was performed once a day (OR = 1.61; 95% CI,1.03â2.50), and among individuals who visited
private clinics (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.17â2.66), while electric toothbrush was associated with a lower caries risk
(OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29â0.86).
Conclusions: This study revealed that risk factors of dental caries showed differences in schoolchildren of 12-
and 15-year-old. Strongest evidence related to caries in 12-year-old group were found in frequency of toothbrushing
and dental plaque. In 15-year old group, electric toothbrush, time since the last visit to the dentist and type of dental
care (public/private) had a stronger association with dental caries. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT/dmft increased
from 12- to 15-year-old, in spite of improvement in oral hygiene at the age of 15This study was authorised and funded by the Galician Regional Health
Administration (ConsellerĂa de Sanidade, DirecciĂłn Xeral de InnovaciĂłn e
XestiĂłn da SaĂșde Publica, Xunta de Galicia), as coordinated by the Preventive
Medicine and Public Health Department of Santiago de Compostela
UniversityS
Yellowish lesions of the oral cavity : Suggestion for a classification
The colour of a lesion is due to its nature and to its histological substratum. In order to ease diagnosis, oral cavity lesions have been classified according to their colour in: white, red, white and red, bluish and/or purple, brown, grey and/or black lesions. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such a classification for yellow lesions. So, a suggestion for a classification of yellowish lesions according to their semiology is made with the following headings: diffuse macular lesions, papular, hypertrophic, or pustular lesions, together with cysts and nodes. This interpretation of the lesions by its colour is the first step to diagnosis. It should be taken into account that, as happens with any other classification, the yellowish group of lesions includes items with different prognosis as well as possible markers of systemic disorders
Studentsâ Perceptions of Educational Climate in a Spanish School of Dentistry Using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: A Longitudinal Study
Background: Educational Climate (EC) may determine teacher and student behaviour. Our aim was to evaluate EC longitudinally in a period of âcurricular transitionâ from traditional (teacher-centred learning) to Bologna curricula (interactive student-centred learning). Methods: The âDundee Ready Education Environment Measureâ (DREEM) questionnaire was completed by 397 students from a Spanish School of Dentistry. Studentsâ perception was assessed in different courses and academic years. Results: The overall EC scale average was 115.70 ± 20.20 (57.85%) and all domain values showed a percentage >52%, which were interpreted as âpositive and acceptableâ. The EC mean was: 118.02 ± 17.37 (59.01%) for 2010â2011; 116.46 ± 19.79 (58.23%) for 2013â2014; 115.60 ± 21.93 (57.80%) for 2014â2015; 112.02 ± 22.28 (56.01%) for 2015â2016, interpreted as âmore positive than negative ECâ. The worst Learning domain scores corresponded to later academic years and may reflect the Bologna curriculumâs more intensive clinical training involving greater responsibility and self-learning. Conclusions: EC and its domains were perceived more positively than negatively. The Social domain was the most positively evaluated, while the Learning domain was the worstS
Circulating microRNAs as promising biomarkers in colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of
cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite numerous advances in therapeutic approaches, this cancer
has a poor prognosis when it is diagnosed at late stages. Therefore, the scientific e ort is nowadays
directed towards the development of new non-invasive and dynamic biomarkers to improve the
survival expectancy of CRC patients. In this sense, deregulated expression of many miRNAs has been
shown to play an important role for CRC carcinogenesis and dissemination. Noticeably, an increasing
number of studies highlight that circulating miRNAs, including those traveling inside exosomes or
those released by tumor cells into circulation, constitute a promising tool for early detection, prognosis
and therapy selection of CRC. Therefore, in this review we focus on the clinical potential of blood
circulating miRNAs as emerging biomarkers with high value to improve the clinical management of
CRC patients, providing a deep and complete perspective of the realities and challenges to translate
these biomarkers to the clinical contextThis study was supported by the ConsellerĂa de Cultura, EducaciĂłn e OrdenaciĂłn Universitaria da
Xunta de Galicia (Spain), grant number: ED431B2017/029S
A new morphologic classification of the alveolar ridge after distraction osteogenesis in human patients. A 17 years retrospective case series study
To perform a morphologic classification based on the results of bone augmentation after a distraction osteogenesis. Thirty-four (34) patients (24 women and 10 men; mean age, 47.1 years (SD=9.5); age range, 23 to 62 years) underwent a total of 42 alveolar ridge distractions before the placement of a total of 89 dental implants. Ridge bone morphology was evaluated as the main ordinal variable. Chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA one-way test were used. Category I (30.95%): consisted of wide alveolar rim and no bone defects Category II (28.57%): wide alveolar rim, lateral bone surface concavity. Category III (23.81%): narrow alveolar rim, lateral bone surface concavity. Category IV (2.38 %): distraction transport segment forming a bridge, without bone formed beneath and requiring guided bone regeneration. Category V (9.52%): return of the transport segment to its initial position due to the reverse rotation of the distractor screw. Category VI (4.76 %): distraction transport segment completely lost. Subcategory D (28.57%), consisted of lingual deviation of the distraction axis, occurring in any of the categories I to IV. More men (76.9 %) presented with category I (p<0.001). The use of the chisel resulted mainly in categories I and II (69.4 %) (p<0.001). GBR was only required in 23.1 % of the cases in Category I (p=0.011). The bone height achieved decreases as the category increases, due to the accompanying osteogenic limitations (p<0.001). The implants placed in category I were longer 11.5 ± 0.9 mm (CI95% 10.9-11.9 mm) compared to those placed in category III with a length of 10.4 ± 1.5 mm (CI95% 9.5-11.4 mm) (p=0.035). The alveolar ridge after distraction osteogenesis could be divided into six morphologic categories which provide a useful basis for decision-making regarding implant placement
Cell-Free microRNAs as potential oral cancer biomarkers: from diagnosis to therapy
Oral cavity cancer is the most frequent malignancy of the head and neck. Unfortunately,
despite educational interventions for prevention and early diagnosis, oral cancer patients are often
diagnosed in advanced stages associated with poor prognosis and life expectancy. Therefore, there is
an urgent need to find noninvasive biomarkers to improve early detection of this tumor. Liquid biopsy
has emerged as a valuable tool in medical oncology which provides new horizons for improving
clinical decision making. Notably, cell-free microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short non-coding RNAs,
are emerging as novel noninvasive cancer biomarkers. Here, we provide an overview of the potential
clinical application of cell-free miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in
oral cancerS
Global Gene Expression Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastasic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
Background: Current therapeutic options in the course of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC) reinforce the need for reliable tools to characterize the tumor in a dynamic way. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as a viable solution to the problem, whereby patients with a variety of solid tumors, including PC, often do not have recent tumor tissue available for analysis. The biomarker characterization in CTCs could provide insights into the current state of the disease and an overall picture of the intra-tumor heterogeneity. Methods: in the present study, we applied a global gene expression characterization of the CTC population from mCRPC (n = 9), with the goal to better understand the biology of these cells and identify the relevant molecules favoring this tumor progression. Results: This analysis allowed the identification of 50 genes specifically expressed in CTCs from patients. Six of these markers (HOXB13, QKI, MAOA, MOSPD1, SDK1, and FGD4), were validated in a cohort of 28 mCRPC, showing clinical interest for the management of these patients. Of note, the activity of this CTC signature was related to the regulation of MYC, a gene strongly implicated in the biology of mCRPC. Conclusions: Overall, our results represent new evidence on the great value of CTCs as a non-invasive biopsy to characterize PCThis work was partially financed with the âliquid Biopsy crowdfunding, 2017â. L.M-L. is supported by AECCS
Human salivary microRNAs in Cancer
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as excellent candidates for cancer biomarkers. Several recent studies have highlighted the potential use of saliva for the identification of miRNAs as novel biomarkers, which represents a great opportunity to improve diagnosis and monitor general health and disease. This review summarises the mechanisms of miRNAs deregulation in cancer, the value of targeting them with a therapeutic intention and the evidence of the potential clinical use of miRNAs expressed in saliva for the detection of different cancer types. We also provide a comprehensive review of the different methods for normalising the levels of specific miRNAs present in saliva, as this is a critical step in their analysis, and the challenge to validate salivary miRNAs as a reality to manage cancer patientsThe authors would like to thank the Eugenio RodrĂguez Pascual Foundation and the FundaciĂłn Dexeus Salud de la Mujer, for supporting the authorsâ studies in the field of salivary biomarkersS