Gender agreement on adverbs in Spanish

In this article we explore the exceptional gender agreement of the Spanish adverb mucho (‘much’), when it modifies comparative adjectives inside DPs that contain a particular type of noun (as in muchafem mejor intenciónfem, ‘much better intention’). This phenomenon, which we describe in detail, raises crucial questions both about the mechanisms of agreement and about the nature of gender in a language such as Spanish. We will argue on the basis of our analysis that agreement is not semantically motivated, but blindly triggered by certain formal configurations. We will also argue that –at least in languages such as Spanish– gender information is scattered in two different positions inside the DP.Peer reviewe

Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of 70um-Selected Distant Luminous Infrared Galaxies

We present mid-infrared spectroscopy obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope of a sample of 11 optically faint, infrared luminous galaxies selected from a Spitzer MIPS 70um imaging survey of the NDWFS Bootes field. These are the first Spitzer IRS spectra presented of distant 70um-selected sources. All the galaxies lie at redshifts 0.3<z<1.3 and have very large infrared luminosities of L_IR~ 0.1-17 x 10^12 solar luminosities. Seven of the galaxies exhibit strong emission features attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average IRS spectrum of these sources is characteristic of classical starburst galaxies, but with much larger infrared luminosities. The PAH luminosities of L(7.7) ~ 0.4 - 7 x 10^11 solar luminosities imply star formation rates of ~ 40 - 720 solar masses per year. Four of the galaxies show deep 9.7um silicate absorption features and no significant PAH emission features (6.2um equivalent widths < 0.03um). The large infrared luminosities and low f70/f24 flux density ratios suggests that these sources have AGN as the dominant origin of their large mid-infrared luminosities, although deeply embedded but luminous starbursts cannot be ruled out. If the absorbed sources are AGN-dominated, a significant fraction of all far-infrared bright, optically faint sources may be dominated by AGN.Comment: 8 Pages, ApJ accepte

Estradiol Modulates Functional Brain Organization during the Menstrual Cycle: An Analysis of Interhemispheric Inhibition

According to the hypothesis of progesterone-mediated interhemispheric decoupling (Hausmann and Güntürkün, 2000), functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs), which are stable in men and change during the menstrual cycle in women, are generated by interhemispheric inhibition of the dominant on the nondominant hemisphere. The change of lateralization during the menstrual cycle in women might indicate that sex hormones play an important role in modulating FCAs. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the role of estradiol in determining cyclic changes of interhemispheric inhibition. Women performed a word-matching task, while they were scanned twice during the cycle, once during the menstrual and once during the follicular phase. By use of a connectivity analysis we found that the inhibitory influence of left-hemispheric language areas on homotopic areas of the right hemisphere is strongest during the menses, resulting in a pronounced lateralization. During the follicular phase, due to rising estradiol levels, inhibition and thus functional cerebral asymmetries are reduced. These results reveal a powerful neuromodulatory action of estradiol on the dynamics of functional brain organization in the female brain. They may further contribute to the ongoing discussion of sex differences in brain function in that they help explain the dynamic part of functional brain organization in which the female differs from the male brain

On higher congruences between cusp forms and Eisenstein series

In this paper we present several finite families of congruences between cusp forms and Eisenstein series of higher weights at powers of prime ideals. We formulate a conjecture which describes properties of the prime ideals and their relation to the weights. We check the validity of the conjecture on several numerical examples.Comment: 20 page

Kaon and Antikaon Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at 1.5 AGeV

At the Kaon Spectrometer KaoS at SIS, GSI the production of kaons and antikaons in heavy ion reactions at a beam energy of 1.5 AGeV has been measured for the collision systems Ni+Ni and Au+Au. The K-/K+ ratio is found to be constant for both systems and as a function of impact parameter but the slopes of K+ and K- spectra differ for all impact parameters. Furthermore the respective polar angle distributions will be presented as a function of centrality.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, SQM2001 in Frankfurt, Sept.2001, submitted to Journal of Physics

The Extraordinary Mid-infrared Spectrum of the Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxy SBS0335-052

SBS0335-052 is a blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD) with one of the lowest known metallicities, Z$\sim$Z_{\sun}/41, making it a local example of how primordial starburst galaxies and their precursors might appear. A spectrum obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope clearly shows silicate absorption features, emission lines of [SIV] and [NeIII], and puts strong upper limits on the PAH emission features. The observed low resolution spectrum (R~90) extends from 5.3 to 35microns and peaks at ~28microns. The spectrum is compared to IRS observations of the prototypical starburst nucleus NGC7714. SBS0335-052 is quite unlike normal starburst galaxies, which show strong PAH bands, low ionization emission lines, and a continuum peak near 80microns. The continuum difference for $\lambda >30 \mu$m implies a substantial reduction in the mass of cold dust. If the spectrum of this very low metallicity galaxy is representative of star forming galaxies at higher redshifts, it may be difficult to distinguish them from AGNs which also show relatively featureless flat spectra in the mid-IR.Comment: Accepted in ApJ Sup. Spitzer Special Issue, 4 pages, 2 figure

Influence of the Vertex Region on Spin Dynamics in Artificial Kagome Spin Ice

We present experimental and theoretical studies of spin-wave mode dynamics in artificial kagome spin ice vertices made of three identical 15-nm thick elongated Ni80Fe20 nanoislands (macrospins). We consider several possible configurations, from completely disjointed macrospins (full dipolar interelement interactions) to fully jointed macrospins (full dipolar-exchange interactions). Using angular-resolved magnetic field dependent broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), we demonstrate the occurrence of a mode localized in the vertex region as indicated by the distinct behavior of the FMR spectra at different angles and configurations. Theoretical calculations using micromagnetic simulations support the existence, origin, and behavior of this mode by interpreting it as a localized, quasi-uniform Kittel mode. Our findings pave the way for designing the most appropriate network consisting of ferromagnetic nanomagnets for specific application purposes in magnonics

A Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Survey of Warm Molecular Hydrogen in Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies

We have conducted a survey of Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope, obtaining spectra from 5.0-38.5um for 77 sources with 0.02<z <0.93. Observations of the pure rotational H2 lines S(3) 9.67um, S(2) 12.28um, and S(1) 17.04um are used to derive the temperature and mass of the warm molecular gas. We detect H2 in 77% of the sample, and all ULIRGs with F(60um)>2Jy. The average warm molecular gas mass is ~2x10^8solar-masses. High extinction, inferred from the 9.7um silicate absorption depth, is not observed along the line of site to the molecular gas. The derived H2 mass does not depend on F(25um)/F(60um), which has been used to infer either starburst or AGN dominance. Similarly, the molecular mass does not scale with the 25 or 60um luminosities. In general, the H2 emission is consistent with an origin in photo-dissociation regions associated with star formation. We detect the S(0) 28.22um emission line in a few ULIRGs. Including this line in the model fits tends to lower the temperature by ~50-100K, resulting in a significant increase in the gas mass. The presence of a cooler component cannot be ruled out in the remainder of our sample, for which we do not detect the S(0) line. The measured S(7) 5.51um line fluxes in six ULIRGs implies ~3x10^6 solar-masses of hot (~1400K) H2. The warm gas mass is typically less than 1% of the cold gas mass derived from CO observations.Comment: Accepted ApJ 01 September 2006, v648n1 issue. 14 pages 12 figures IRAS 06361-6217 the f25/f60 ratio is 0.10 not 1.0