121 research outputs found
Multiple Field-Induced Phase Transitions in a Geometrically-Frustrated Dipolar Magnet - Gd2Ti2O7
Field-driven phase transitions generally arise from competition between
Zeeman energy and exchange or crystal-field anisotropy.
Here we present the phase diagram of a frustrated pyrochlore magnet Gd2Ti2O7,
where crystal field splitting is small compared to the dipolar energy. We find
good agreement between zero-temperature critical fields and those obtained from
a mean-field model. Here, dipolar interactions couple real-space and
spin-space, so the transitions in Gd2Ti2O7 arise from field-induced
"cooperative anisotropy" reflecting the broken spatial symmetries of the
pyrochlore lattice.Comment: 10pages,5figures: pdf file attached PACS 75.30.Kz, 75.50.Ee, 75.10.-
Large Orbital Magnetic Moment and Coulomb Correlation effects in FeBr2
We have performed an all-electron fully relativistic density functional
calculation to study the magnetic properties of FeBr2. We show for the first
time that the correlation effect enhances the contribution from orbital degrees
of freedom of electrons to the total magnetic moment on Fe as
opposed to common notion of nearly total quenching of the orbital moment on
Fe site. The insulating nature of the system is correctly predicted when
the Hubbard parameter U is included. Energy bands around the gap are very
narrow in width and originate from the localized Fe-3 orbitals, which
indicates that FeBr2 is a typical example of the Mott insulator.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex4, PRB accepte
Metamagnetism and critical fluctuations in high quality single crystals of the bilayer ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7
We report the results of low temperature transport, specific heat and
magnetisation measurements on high quality single crystals of the bilayer
perovskite Sr3Ru2O7, which is a close relative of the unconventional
superconductor Sr2RuO4. Metamagnetism is observed, and transport and
thermodynamic evidence for associated critical fluctuations is presented. These
relatively unusual fluctuations might be pictured as variations in the Fermi
surface topography itself. No equivalent behaviour has been observed in the
metallic state of Sr2RuO4.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Revtex 3.
Competing Ground States in Triple-layered Sr4Ru3O10: Verging on Itinerant Ferromagnetism with Critical Fluctuations
Sr4Ru3O10 is characterized by a sharp metamagnetic transition and
ferromagnetic behavior occurring within the basal plane and along the c-axis,
respectively. Resistivity at magnetic field, B, exhibits low-frequency quantum
oscillations when B||c-axis and large magnetoresistivity accompanied by
critical fluctuations driven by the metamagnetism when B^c-axis. The complex
behavior evidenced in resistivity, magnetization and specific heat presented is
not characteristic of any obvious ground states, and points to an exotic state
that shows a delicate balance between fluctuations and order.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figure
Itinerant metamagnetism of CeRu2Si2 : bringing out the dead. Comparison with the new Sr3Ru2O7 case
Focus is given on the macroscopic and microscopic experimental works realized
during a decade on the clear case of itinerant metamagnetism in the heavy
fermion paramagnetic compound CeRu2Si2 . Emphasis is made on the feedback
between the band structure, the exchange coupling and the lattice instability.
Sweeps in magnetic field, pressure and temperature feel the pseudogap of this
strongly correlated electronic system as well as its equivalent CeRu2Ge2 at a
fictitious negative pressure. Some mysteries persist as the complete
observation of the FS above the metamagnetic field HM and the detection of the
dynamical ferromagnetic fluctuation near HM. The novelty of the bilayer
ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 is discussed by comparison. Despite differences in spin and
electronic dimensionality many common trends emerge.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure
Investigation into the Itinerant metamagnetism of Sr3Ru2O7 for the Field Parallel to the Ruthenium Oxygen Planes
We report a detailed investigation into the metamagnetism of Sr3Ru2O7 at low
temperatures for the magnetic field parallel to the ruthenium oxygen planes.
The metamagnetism is studied as a function of temperature, magnetic field and
sample quality using magnetisation, magnetotransport and specific heat as
probes. From hysteretic behaviour in the magnetisation, we confirm earlier work
and observe a finite temperature critical point at (5 T, >0.25 K). In our
highest quality samples two-step metamagnetic transitions are additionally
observed at 5.8 T and at 6.3 T, which coincide with a range of broad maximum in
the magnetoresistance. At low temperatures, these two metamagnetic features
each further split in two. Such behaviour of the multiple transitions are
qualitatively different from the first order transition at 5.1 T.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 Tabl
Procalcitonin for diagnosis of infection and guide to antibiotic decisions: past, present and future
There are a number of limitations to using conventional diagnostic markers for patients with clinical suspicion of infection. As a consequence, unnecessary and prolonged exposure to antimicrobial agents adversely affect patient outcomes, while inappropriate antibiotic therapy increases antibiotic resistance. A growing body of evidence supports the use of procalcitonin (PCT) to improve diagnosis of bacterial infections and to guide antibiotic therapy. For patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infection, post-operative infections and for severe sepsis patients in the intensive care unit, randomized-controlled trials have shown a benefit of using PCT algorithms to guide decisions about initiation and/or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy. For some other types of infections, observational studies have shown promising first results, but further intervention studies are needed before use of PCT in clinical routine can be recommended. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence for PCT in different infections and clinical settings, and discuss the reliability of this marker when used with validated diagnostic algorithms
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia May Not Reduce In-Hospital Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Appropriate empiric therapy, antibiotic therapy with in vitro activity to the infecting organism given prior to confirmed culture results, may improve Staphylococcus aureus outcomes. We aimed to measure the clinical impact of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy on mortality, while statistically adjusting for comorbidities, severity of illness and presence of virulence factors in the infecting strain.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients admitted to a tertiary-care facility from January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2007, who had S. aureus bacteremia. Time to appropriate therapy was measured from blood culture collection to the receipt of antibiotics with in vitro activity to the infecting organism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to measure the association between receipt of appropriate empiric therapy and in-hospital mortality, statistically adjusting for patient and pathogen characteristics.Among 814 admissions, 537 (66%) received appropriate empiric therapy. Those who received appropriate empiric therapy had a higher hazard of 30-day in-hospital mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 2.34). A longer time to appropriate therapy was protective against mortality (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.60, 1.03) except among the healthiest quartile of patients (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.66, 3.15).Appropriate empiric therapy was not associated with decreased mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteremia except in the least ill patients. Initial broad antibiotic selection may not be widely beneficial
The diagnostic value of CRP, IL-8, PCT, and sTREM-1 in the detection of bacterial infections in pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia
In this study, we evaluated C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-8, procalcitonin (PCT), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) as predictors for bacterial infection in febrile neutropenia, plus their usefulness in febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. Plasma was obtained from pediatric oncology patients at presentation with febrile neutropenia (n = 43) and 24-48 h later (n = 17). The patients were classified as having or not having a bacterial infection. Plasma was also obtained of patients in the absence and in the presence of mucositis (n = 26). At presentation with febrile neutropenia, median IL-8 and PCT levels were significantly increased in patients with a bacterial infection, in contrast to CRP and sTREM-1. IL-8 was the most sensitive marker for the early detection of bacterial infection, in combination with clinical parameters or PCT the sensitivity reached 100%. After 24-48 h, only PCT was significantly elevated during bacterial infection. IL-8 levels were significantly increased during mucositis. Mucositis did not cause considerable changes in PCT levels. IL-8 is the most useful marker for the early detection of bacterial infections, compared with CRP, PCT, and sTREM-1. IL-8 in combination with clinical parameters or PCT might be even more useful. Gastrointestinal mucositis alone does not affect PCT levels, in contrast to IL-8 levels, and therefore, PCT might be more useful for the detection of bacterial infections during mucositis than IL-8
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the value of initial biomarkers in predicting adverse outcome in febrile neutropenic episodes in children and young people with cancer
Background: Febrile neutropenia is a frequently occurring and occasionally life-threatening complication of treatment for childhood cancer. Many biomarkers have been proposed as predictors of adverse events. We aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize evidence on the discriminatory ability of initial serum biomarkers of febrile neutropenic episodes in children and young people.
Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with the Center for Reviews and Dissemination Methods, using three random effects models to undertake meta-analysis. It was registered with the HTA Registry of systematic reviews, CRD32009100485.
Results: We found that 25 studies exploring 14 different biomarkers were assessed in 3,585 episodes of febrile neutropenia. C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-calcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL6) were subject to quantitative meta-analysis, and revealed huge inconsistencies and heterogeneity in the studies included in this review. Only CRP has been evaluated in assessing its value over the predictive value of simple clinical decision rules.
Conclusions: The limited data available describing the predictive value of biomarkers in the setting of pediatric febrile neutropenia mean firm conclusions cannot yet be reached, although the use of IL6, IL8 and procalcitonin warrant further study
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