Evaluation of the post-accession effectiveness of the Polish environmental policy

The analysed research problem concerns the evaluation of the Polish environmental policy’s effectiveness after European Union accession. In this context, we need to highlight several key areas regarded by the author as undermining the impact of the environmental policy. These relate to the vague and imprecise division of competencies between various political entities located within the structure of public authorities and an irrational approach of the legislator to the development of solutions outlined in environmental laws

DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMER PROTECTION UNDER PROCEDURAL LAW IN POLAND, AND ITS POTENTIAL SOCIAL IMPACT

The article presents the development of consumer protection under procedural law in Poland, and in Court of Justice of the European Union case law. Studies pointing to relaxed “payment morality” in Poland and worldwide have been presented as well. The author suggests that factors contributing to the phenomenon may have included superfluous and over-protectionist legal protection extended to consumers and debtors. She believes expanding the Polish judicial proceedings to include special-purpose provisions in cases involving consumers is unnecessary. &nbsp

Identification of multiple oscillation states of carbon nanotube tipped cantilevers interacting with surfaces in dynamic atomic force microscopy

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained increased interest in dynamic atomic force microscopy (dAFM) as sharp, flexible, conducting, nonreactive tips for high-resolution imaging, oxidation lithography, and electrostatic force microscopy. By means of theory and experiments we lay out a map of several distinct tapping mode AFM oscillation states for CNT tipped AFM cantilevers: namely, noncontact attractive regime oscillation, intermittent contact with CNT slipping or pinning, or permanent contact with the CNT in point or line contact with the surface while the cantilever oscillates with large amplitude. Each state represents fundamentally different origins of CNT-surface interactions, CNT tip-substrate dissipation, and phase contrast and has major implications for the use of these probes for imaging, compositional contrast, and lithography. In particular, we present a method that uses energy-dissipation spectroscopy to identify if the CNT slips laterally on the surface or remains pinned in the intermittent contact regime. By comparing phase contrast images and energy dissipation on graphite, graphene oxide, and silicon oxide surfaces, we demonstrate the utility of the method in identifying pinning or slipping of the CNT on the surface in the intermittent contact regime

Developing Nursing Geography with an Ecological Lens

In this paper, we propose that community health nursing is a promising context for ecologically inclusive and “place-sensitive” (Andrews, 2002) nursing practice. With a strong grounding in social justice, we believe that Canadian community health nurses have the power to create a differential space of research and practice for environmental justice and planetary health thereby challenging harmful anthropocentric and biomedical models of health and health care. To do this, we theorize an ‘environmental nursing geography’ including Henri Lefebvre’s idea of the production of space. Lefebvre’s dialectics give us tools to ecologize space and place and further the efforts of CHNs to support the health of all people and the planet through justice and equity

Revealing the hierarchical structure of temperamental constructs distinguished in eight theories

The paper explores the hierarchical structure of temperament with the inclusion of a wide catalog of temperamental constructs derived from eight different theoretical models. Analyses were conducted on a group of 412 participants aged from 16 to 79 (Mage = 28.49, SDage = 11.64), administrating nine well-established measures of temperament, with a representation of 34 different constructs. An eight-level hierarchical structure of temperament was obtained using a top-down procedure. The results are discussed twofold: (1) relating the subsequent levels of the obtained structure to the existing theories and models of temperament, and (2) regarding possible identification of the most general dimensions of temperament, that percolate the abundant catalogs of its specific constructs. The latter—considering both an empirical and theoretical perspectives—resulted in the emergence of the Big Two broad factors, being recognized as two fundamental dimensions of temperament. The first factor (Neuroticism/Emotionality) refers to general (negative) emotionality and susceptibility to react with negative affect, whereas the second (Extraversion/Sensation Seeking) is expressed in broadly understood activity and its diversity, as well as high stimuli value of functioning

Морфометричне, фенетичне та генетичне різноманіття зелених жаб (Pelophylax) з різних популяційних систем

The dissertation is the first work accomplished on the territory of four zoogeographic regions of Ukraine (Carpathian, Forest-Steppe, Polissian, and Roztochian-Podolian) with the usage of classical zoological and molecular methods in combination to study green frogs. In total 587 individuals of green frogs, belonging to three taxonomic groups were sampled from 12 locations and analyzed. The morphometric, phenetic, and genetic diversity of green frogs were studied. Also, the analysis of chemical composition of water in sampling localities was performed. Stability of a spermatogenesis in males of Marsh Frog sampled in waterbodies of different water quality classes was estimated. Effect of zoogeographic location, water quality and population system type on the diversity of green frogs was investigated. On the study territory, populations of Marsh Frog were found in localities near town Nyzhankovychi, v. Perekalky, and town Ivano-Frankove. Population of the R-Etype was found in waterbodies near v. Zhovtantsi, R-E-Et-type of hemiclonal population system was detected in waterbodies of Koriyakov Yar, in the valley of Siverskyi Donets river and in Iskiv pond. Population of L-E-type was found in lake Svitiaz. R-E-L-type population is present in waterbodies near Velykyi Lubin, in lake Luky, lake Pisochne and near the Cholgyni village.Дисертація є першою роботою, виконаною на території чотирьох зоогеографічних районів України (Карпатський, Лісостеповий, Поліський і Розточансько-Подільський) з використанням поєднання класичних зоологічних та молекулярних методів вивчення групи зелених жаб. На досліджуваних територіях виявлено популяції жаби озерної у смт Нижанковичі, с. Перекалки та смт ІваноФранкове; RE-тип ГПС наявний у водоймах с. Жовтанці; R-E-Et-тип ГПС наявний у водоймах Коряків яр, заплаві р. Сіверський Донець та Іськів став; LE-тип виявлено в оз. Світязь; REL-тип наявний у водоймах смт Великий Любінь, оз. Луки, оз. Пісочне та с. Чолгині. Проведено аналіз генетичної структури популяції жаби озерної (низьке різноманіття) та геміклональних популяційних систем REL-типу (вибірка з орнітологічного заказника «Чолгинський»), яка проявляє більшу внутрішньопопуляційну генетичну різноманітність, ніж вибірка із ШНПП. Проаналізовано різноманіття морфометричних промірів (24) та індексів (63) зелених жаб. Виявлено фенетичні ознаки, за допомогою яких можна найдостовірніше визначати належність особини до таксономічної групи. Вперше для досліджуваних локалітетів проведено аналіз впливу хімічного складу води на фенетичне різноманіття і стійкість сперматогенезу самців жаби озерної. Виявлено залежність у розмірах сім’яників від класу якості води. Також встановлено вплив зоогеографічного розташування локалітету відбору земноводних, якості води водойми і типу популяційної системи зелених жаб на їхнє морфофенетичне різноманіття

The influence of galvanic field on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape must fermentation

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol fermentation of 'Sauvignon blanc' grape must a low direct electric current (DC) of 1.3, 7.7 and 30 μA was applied. Constant current stimulated wine yeasts metabolic activity by increasing production of glycerol and lactic acid was studied. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) indicated that by using the direct current at low temperature, similar results as those using higher fermentation temperatures can be achieved. Optical and transmission electron microscopy showed no visible morphological and ultra structural changes in cell morphology. The empirical experience resulting from present laboratory experiments offer a new approach in fermentation of grape musts wine and in wine process control.

Species and hybrid composition and genetic diversity of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) in western Ukrainian hemiclonal population systems

Background. Two species of water frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus and Pelophylax lessonae, and their hybrid, Pelophylax kl. esculentus, are widespread in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the population structure of various types of hemiclonal population systems (HPS) of water frogs formed due to the coexistence of frogs in the same territory. In Ukraine, a hybridization centre with the spread of triploid individuals of hybrid nature has been identified. Triploid hybrids are an intriguing research subject due to the diverse hypotheses about their origin and role in HPS. Outside the hybridization centre in Kharkiv Region, triploids are not commonly found. In our study, we describe the initial findings of triploid specimens in Lviv Region and analyze the genetic structure of the HPS where such individuals were detected. Methods. In total, 193 specimens of green frogs were collected between 2011 and 2015. Here we present population structure analysis which was conducted using two microsatellite loci, Rrid059A and RlCA1b5. A wide range of software programs were utilized for processing the genetic analysis data, including GenePop 4.7.5, Micro-Checker and NewHybrids 1.1. Results. Three types of hemiclonal population systems were identified: R-E type in Perekalky and Lake Pisochne, L-E type in Lake Luky, and R-E-L type in Nyzhankovychi, Velykyi Lyubin, Zhovtantsi and Cholgyni. Additionally, population systems with hybrids of mixed ploidy (diploids and triploids) were found in Perekalky, Velykyi Lyubin and Zhovtantsi. Conclusions. Genetic diversity analysis revealed variations in the number of alleles per population. P. ridibundus individuals exhibited higher genetic diversity compared to P. lessonae individuals, whereas hybrids showed intermediate genetic diversity. Further investigations of the localities where potential triploids were detected are necessary to assess the survival and reproductive potential of hybrid individuals and determine all types of hybrids and individuals of both marsh and pool frogs