Les communautés et le droit de préemption: Étude à caractère juridique

National audienceLes compétences qui ont été attribuées aux EPCI en matière de droit de préemption – droit de préemption urbain, droit de préemption dans les zones d’aménagement différé et dans les espaces naturels sensibles, droit de préemption commercial –, ont longtemps été étroitement cantonnées, complexes voire anachroniques. Cet état de droit est toutefois en train de s’estomper, notamment depuis la loi n° 2014-366 du 24 mars 2014 dite loi Alur. Il est acquis aujourd’hui que les intercommunalités doivent pouvoir disposer des outils nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d’une politique volontariste en matière foncière ou immobilière (développement économique, habitat…) et ne plus disposer de compétences résiduelles. Ce texte comporte à ce titre d’importantes avancées que nous aborderons ci-après (dévolution mécanique du droit de préemption urbain aux EPCI du fait du développement attendu des plans locaux d’urbanisme intercommunaux, création de zones d’aménagement différé intercommunales)

Les communautés et le droit de préemption: Étude à caractère juridique

National audienceLes compétences qui ont été attribuées aux EPCI en matière de droit de préemption – droit de préemption urbain, droit de préemption dans les zones d’aménagement différé et dans les espaces naturels sensibles, droit de préemption commercial –, ont longtemps été étroitement cantonnées, complexes voire anachroniques. Cet état de droit est toutefois en train de s’estomper, notamment depuis la loi n° 2014-366 du 24 mars 2014 dite loi Alur. Il est acquis aujourd’hui que les intercommunalités doivent pouvoir disposer des outils nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d’une politique volontariste en matière foncière ou immobilière (développement économique, habitat…) et ne plus disposer de compétences résiduelles. Ce texte comporte à ce titre d’importantes avancées que nous aborderons ci-après (dévolution mécanique du droit de préemption urbain aux EPCI du fait du développement attendu des plans locaux d’urbanisme intercommunaux, création de zones d’aménagement différé intercommunales)

Les communautés et le droit de préemption: Étude à caractère juridique

National audienceLes compétences qui ont été attribuées aux EPCI en matière de droit de préemption – droit de préemption urbain, droit de préemption dans les zones d’aménagement différé et dans les espaces naturels sensibles, droit de préemption commercial –, ont longtemps été étroitement cantonnées, complexes voire anachroniques. Cet état de droit est toutefois en train de s’estomper, notamment depuis la loi n° 2014-366 du 24 mars 2014 dite loi Alur. Il est acquis aujourd’hui que les intercommunalités doivent pouvoir disposer des outils nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre d’une politique volontariste en matière foncière ou immobilière (développement économique, habitat…) et ne plus disposer de compétences résiduelles. Ce texte comporte à ce titre d’importantes avancées que nous aborderons ci-après (dévolution mécanique du droit de préemption urbain aux EPCI du fait du développement attendu des plans locaux d’urbanisme intercommunaux, création de zones d’aménagement différé intercommunales)

Les communautés et les droits de préemption

Note réalisée pour l'ADCF (Assemblée des Communautés de France) au nom du GRIDAUH et en coécriture avec JF Struillou, Directeur de recherche au CNRSNote juridique sur le régime du droit de préemption des intercommunalités : champ d'application, difficultés pratiques, propositions d'évolution

Le droit de préemption et les exigences de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme

S’agissant du droit de préemption, on peut avancer que la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme a été à la source d’un certain nombre d’évolutions récentes du droit interne, qui rendent compte de la dimension incitative du texte européen. Le législateur mais aussi le juge s’attachent ainsi à prémunir le droit national des risques contentieux consécutifs à une éventuelle saisine de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Il n’est pas pour autant certain que les transformations ainsi constatées soient suffisantes pour mettre la France à l’abri d’une condamnation par les instances de Strasbourg.Regarding the right of preemption, it can be said that the European Convention on Human Rights has been the source of a number of new developments in national law, which reveal the incentive dimension of the European text. In this way, both legislator and judge have endeavoured to protect national law from the risk of litigation arising from a possible referral to the European Court of Human Rights. Nevertheless, it is not certain that the observed changes are sufficient to protect France from a conviction by the authorities in Strasbourg

An in vitro analysis model for investigating the staining effect of various chlorhexidine-based mouthwashes

There are different mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine in different concentrations, as well as various excipients. Chlorhexidine induce stains or discoloration in teeth and mucous membranes. The aim of this work was to design a model to reproduce in vitro staining associated with the use of different mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine. We used as substrates of natural teeth and elephant ivory slices. Different incubation baths were conducted over 21 days in culture dishes at 37°C. At the beginning of experiment before incubation (D0) and after 21 days (D21) of incubation with different mouthwashes, pictures of substrates were taken in a standardized manner and an image analysis software was used to analyse and quantify the staining under the various conditions by using the 3 main colours (Red, Green, Blue, RGB). The results of this work demonstrate a very good reproducibility of the protocol, and secondly, a different expression statistically significant of the primary blue colour. We suggest that for a given concentration of chlorhexidine, the staining effects may vary depending on the excipients used. This replicable model, easy to implement over a relatively short duration, can be used for evaluation of existing mouthwashes, and to test the excipients anti discoloration proposed by manufacturers

Diagnostic value of VEGF in peri-implantitis and its correlation with titanium particles: A controlled clinical study.

OBJECTIVES VEGF is prototypic marker of neovascularization, repeatedly proposed as intrinsic characteristic of peri-implantitis. This study aimed to assess pattern of VEGF in peri-implantitis, its correlation with titanium particles (TPs) and capacity as respective biomarker. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pathological specificity of VEGF was assessed in peri-implant granulations using immunohistochemistry, periodontal granulations represented Ti-free positive controls. VEGF was correlated to TPs, identified using scanning electron microscopy coupled with dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of VEGF were estimated in PICF specimens from peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and healthy peri-implant tissues (HI) using machine learning algorithms. RESULTS Peri-implantitis exhibited rich neovascular network with expressed density in contact zones toward neutrophil infiltrates without specific pattern variations around TPs, identified in all peri-implantitis specimens (mean particle size 8.9 ± 24.8 µm2; Ti-mass (%) 0.380 ± 0.163). VEGF was significantly more expressed in peri-implantitis (47,065 ± 24.2) compared to periodontitis (31,14 ± 9.15), and positively correlated with its soluble concentrations in PICF (p = 0.01). VEGF was positively correlated to all clinical endpoints and significantly increased in peri-implantitis compared to both PIM and HI, but despite high specificity (96%), its overall diagnostic capacity was average. Two patient clusters were identified in peri-implantitis, one with 8-fold higher VEGF values compared to HI, and second with lower values comparable to PIM. SIGNIFICANCE VEGF accurately reflects neovascularization in peri-implantitis that was expressed in contact zones toward implant surface without specific histopathological patter variation around TPs. VEGF answered requests for biomarker of peri-implantitis but further research is necessary to decrypt its exact underlying cause

Variation of the cytokine profiles in gingival crevicular fluid between different groups of periodontally healthy teeth

© 2020, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved. Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context

Varijacija profila citokina u gingivalnoj zglobnoj tečnosti između različitih grupa parodontalno zdravih zuba

Profiling of biomarkers of physiological process represents an integrative part in optimisation of diagnostic markers in order to adjust the diagnostic ranges to the potential effects of the local factors such occlusal forces in case of periodontal tissues. The objective of this study was estimation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL- 6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, TNFα and IFNγ concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid samples (GCF) between different groups of teeth. Two hundred fifty-nine systemically healthy non-smokers having at least one vital tooth without restorations, with healthy periodontal tissues, were clinically examined and the GCF sample was retrieved. The cytokine levels were estimated using flow cytometry and compared between central incisors (CI), lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context. Cytokine profiles varied between different groups of teeth with tendency of increase in proinflammatory cytokines from anterior teeth toward molars. Molars might be considered teeth with natural predisposition for faster bone resorption while the adjustment of diagnostic range of periodontal biomarkers for anterior or posterior teeth should be considered within diagnostic context.Profilisanje biomarkera fiziološkog procesa predstavlja integrativni deo optimalizacije dijagnostičkih markera, kako bi se dijagnostički rasponi prilagodili potencijalnim uticajima lokalnih faktora poput okluzijskih sila u slučaju parodontalnih tkiva. Cilj ove studije bila je procena koncentracija IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL- 22, TNFα i IFNγ u uzorcima gingivalne tečnosti (GT) kod različitih grupa zuba. Klinički je pregledano dvesta pedeset devet sistemski zdravih nepušača sa najmanje jednim vitalnim zubom bez restauracija, sa zdravim parodontalnim tkivima, i uzet je GT uzorak. Nivoi citokina procenjeni su protočnom citometrijom i upoređeni između centralnih sekutića (CS), bočnih sekutića, očnjaka, prvih i drugih premolara, kao i prvih i drugih kutnjaka. Profil citokina varirao je između različitih grupa zuba sa tendencijom povećanja pro-upalnih citokina od prednjih zuba do kutnjaka. Molari se mogu smatrati zubima sa prirodnom predispozicijom za bržu resorpciju kosti, dok bi podešavanje dijagnostičkog raspona parodontalnih biomarkera za prednje ili zadnje zube trebalo razmotriti unutar dijagnostičkog konteksta

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) as a determinant of peri-implantitis

Background/Aim. Peri-implantitis presents inflammatory process that affects soft and hard supporting tissues of osseointegrated implant based on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) concentrations in peri-implant crevicular fluid could be associated with clinical parameters that reflect inflammatory nature of peri-implantitis. Methods. The study included 67 patients, 22 with diagnosed peri-implantitis, 22 persons with healthy peri-implant tissues and 23 patients with periodontitis. Clinical parameters from each patient were recorded and samples of peri-implant/gingival crevicular fluid were collected for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. Results. RANK concentration was significantly increased in samples from the patients with periimplantitis when compared to healthy implants (p < 0.0001), where the average levels were 9 times higher. At the same time RANK concentration was significantly higher in periimplantitis than in periodontitis sites (p < 0.0001). In implant patients pocket depths and bleeding on probing values were positively associated with high RANK concentrations (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. These results revealed association of increased RANK concentration in samples of periimplant/ gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implant inflammation and suggests that RANK could be a pathologic determinant of peri-implantitis, thereby a potential parameter in assessment of peri-implant tissue inflammation and a potential target in designing treatment strategies