595 research outputs found
Chromogranin A and cortisol at intraoperative repeated noxious stimuli: surgical stress in a dog model
Objectives: Biomarkers representing sympathetic tone and the surgical stress response are measured to objectively evaluate surgical techniques and anaesthetic protocols. If a part of the intraoperative procedure is repeated on the contralateral organ, one animal may potentially serve as its own control and, if so, may minimize the problem of individual differences of the stress response to anaesthesia and surgery. This study aimed to investigate the use of chromogranin A for measurement of the intraoperative sympathetic tone. Additional aims were to investigate chromogranin A and cortisol as indicators of the intraoperative surgical stress response caused by repeated noxious stimuli in dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy and thereby to investigate the possibility of one dog serving as its own control. Methods: Experiments were carried out on 10 dogs subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Perioperative blood samples (0-6) were collected after premedication, immediately before induction of anaesthesia (0), after induction of anaesthesia and before incision (1), before (2) and after (3) removal of the first ovary, after a 15-min pause before removal of the second ovary (4), after removal of the second ovary (5) and after closing the abdomen (6). Plasma chromogranin A and cortisol were analysed. Results: Plasma chromogranin A did not change. Plasma cortisol concentration did not change between before anaesthesia and opening of the abdomen. Plasma cortisol increased at removal of the first ovary. Cortisol did not change at removal of the second ovary but remained increased compared to initial sample. Conclusion: The results suggest chromogranin A is a poor indicator of intraoperative sympathetic tone during elective surgery in dogs. Cortisol measurement was useful for assessment of intraoperative noxious stimuli. However, at these test conditions, neither plasma chromogranin A nor plasma cortisol was useful for assessment of repeated intraoperative noxious stimuli where one dog served as its own control.
Aktivera rummen mellan rummen
FolkhÀlsan Àr ett högst relevant Àmne att studera dÄ den Àr av en eskalerande och nedÄtgÄende
trend i Sverige idag, bÄde gÀllande fysisk och psykisk ohÀlsa. Detta hÀlsoproblem Àr utbrett hos
stora delar av befolkningen samt det mest kostsamma samhÀllsproblemet idag. Dock Àr det konstaterat
att detta gÄr att rÄda bot pÄ genom den byggda miljön. Forskning visar pÄ att mer fysisk
aktivitet och mindre stillasittande Àr nyckeln till ett hÀlsosammare liv och att det har klara samband
mellan hur den byggda miljön Àr utformad.
Denna studie syftar till att fÄ en bÀttre förstÄelse för hur den byggda miljön möjliggör för mÀnniskan
att vara fysiskt aktiv i staden. Detta har gjorts genom att undersöka och utveckla designverktyg
som förbÀttrar de rumsliga förhÄllandena pÄ de offentliga ytorna för fysisk aktivitet, detta
för att bidra med hÀlsofrÀmjande miljöer i mÀnniskors nÀromrÄden. MÄlet med studien har
varit att visa hur den byggda miljön kan stödja fysisk aktivitet baserat pÄ teoretisk forskning och
undersökande platsanalys för att sedan redovisa detta genom ett gestaltningsförslag. Förslaget
kommer att diskutera hur behovet av mer rörelse i vÄrt vardagsliv kan tillgodoses av stödjande
design och arkitektur i nÀrmiljö. Det syftar Àven till att visa hur platser kan understödja varandra
och ge upphov till mer spontan aktivitet i stadsrummet och frÀmja folkhÀlsan. En viktig aspekt
Àr hur de sÄ kallade friytorna i staden kan brukas.
För att förstÄ vilka miljöer som stödjer mÀnniskan till att vara fysiskt aktiv i den byggda miljön
har samtida teorier studerats. Litteraturstudien visar pÄ att faktorerna nÀrhet, tillgÀnglighet och
anvÀndbarhet Àr de tre faktorer som mest stödjer mÀnniskor till rörelse, men Àven faktorerna
trygghet och estetik, sÄ som bland annat grönska. Desto högre grad av dessa faktorer, ju mer
fysisk aktivitet sker. Samt att ett dos- responsförhÄllande Àr rÄdande, vilket innebÀr att desto fler
stöttande miljöer som omger mÀnniskan desto större chans Àr det att mÀnniskan Àr fysiskt aktiv.
Platsstudie har utförts av tre befintliga miljöer i Lunds östra innerstad, korsningen SkolgatanĂstra
Vallgatan, Södra entrĂ©n till Ăstra kyrkogĂ„rden samt KapellvĂ€gen. De valda platserna har
gemensamt att de utgör tre sargade friytor i staden som Àr i stort behov av upprustning, samt
att det Àr platser dÀr lite fysisk aktivitet sker idag. Platsstudierna utgör egna observationer och
analys genom verktyg. Genom platsstudierna identifierades platsernas karaktÀrer, kvaliteter och
förutsÀttningar samt kontext.
NÄgra lika problem som identifierades pÄ platserna var:
- Avsaknaden av rumslighet
- Avsaknaden av trygghet
- Avsaknaden av vistelsemöjlighet
- Avsaknaden av fysisk aktivitet
Gestaltningsförslaget utgick ifrÄn resultatet av platsstudien samt litteraturstudien. Konceptet till
gestaltningsförslaget har varit att binda ihop för att först nÄ de strukturella förÀndringarna pÄ
plats för att skapa en mer sammanhÄllen och attraktiva kopplingar mellan platserna som ska
skapa mer gynnsamma förutsÀttningar för rörelse. Sedan togs koncept fram för att nÄ detaljer
och rumslighet genom nyckelorden: God vistelse, goda snitt, aktivera, rumsindelning och sammanfoga
pÄ platserna sÄ att programpunkterna pÄ varje plats kunde uppnÄs för att stödja den
fysiska aktiviteten. MÄlet med gestaltningen har varit att utnyttja platsernas egna karaktÀrer och
försöka förstÀrka dessa för att locka till mer rörelse.
Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur viktigt det Àr att det skapas nÀrmiljöer med en bÀttre tillgÄng med
ytor till fysisk aktivitet. För att tillgodose mÀnniskors olika behov Àr det viktigt att dessa ytor
Àr flexibla för att skapa vida möjligheter för brukaren. Det Àr Àven av hög relevans att skapa en
design som utgÄr frÄn platsens egen karaktÀr och inte applicera en fÀrdig design.
Strukturen som följer i arbetet Àr att i den indelande delen av arbetet presenters en litteraturgenomgÄng
av samtida teorier kring Àmnet byggd miljö och folkhÀlsa. DÀrefter följs en
presentation av platserna. Gestaltningsförslaget presenteras dÀrefter samt följt av en sammanfattande
diskussion om förslaget och arbetsprocessen.Public health is a highly relevant subject to study as it is of an escalating and downward trend
in Sweden today, both regarding to physical and mental health. This problem is also widespread
among large parts of the population and the most costly social problem today. However, it has
been established that this can be corrected through the built environment. Research shows that
more physical activity is the key to a healthier life and that it has clear connection between how
the built environment is designed.
This study examines how to gain a better understanding of how the built environment affects
and enables us to be physically active in the city. It also intends to investigate and develop design
principles that improve the spatial conditions on the public spaces for physical activity, in
order to contribute with health promoting environments in peopleâs neighbourhoods. The aim
of the thesis has been to show how the built environment can support physical activity based
on theoretical research and site analyzes. The result will be presented in a design proposal that
will discuss how everyday activity can be added and supportive in the local area. It also aims to
show how places for physicla activity can support each other. An important aspect is how the
free spaces in the city can be used.
In order to understand what affects and enables people to be physically active in the built environment
has contemporary development theories been studied. The literature study shows that
proximity, accessibility and usability are the three factors that affect people to movement. It also
aims to show how places can support each other and give rise to more spontaneous activity in
the urban space and promote public health. An important aspect is how the so-called free spaces
in the city can be used but also factors such as safety and aesthetics, such as greenery. The higher
the degree of these factors, the more physical activity occurs. And that a dose-response relationship
prevails, which means that the more supportive environments that surround people, the
greater the chance it is for people to be physically active.
Observations have been made of three existing environments in LundÂŽs eastern inner city, the
intersection of Skolgatan â Ăstra Vallgatan, the southern entrance to Ăstra KyrkogĂ„rden and
KapellvÀgen. The chosen places have in common that they constitute three lined free areas in the
city that are in great need of renovation and that there are little physical activity today.
Through the site studies the places characterÂŽs, qualities, conditions and also the context were
identified. Some similar problems that was identified at the sites where:
- The lack of spatiality
- The lack of security
- The lack of opportunity to stay
- The lack of physical activity
The design proposal was based on the results of the site study and the literature study. The concept
of the design proposal has been to tie together to first achieve the structural changes in place
to create a more cohesive and attractive links between the sites that will create a more favorable
conditions for movement. Then concepts were developed to reach details and spatiality through
the keywords: Good stay, good cuts, activating, room division and joining in places so that the
program points in each location could be achieved to support the physical activity.
The aim of the design has been to utilize the siteÂŽs own characters and try to strengthen them to
attract more movement.
Finally, it is discussed how important it is to create local environments with better access with
areas for physical activity. In order to meet peopleÂŽs different needs, it is important that these
surfaces are flexible, in order to create wide opportunities for the user. It is also of high relevance
to create a design that is based on the siteÂŽs own character and not a finished design. The
structure that follows in the work is that in the dividing part of the work a literature review of
contemporary theories on the topic of built environment and public health is presented. Then
a presentation of the sites is followed. The design proposal is then presented and followed by a
summary discussion of the proposal and the work process
Seasonal impact in horticulture companies : effects that can lead to loss of competence in the industry
The purpose of this final thesis is to investigate the effects of seasonal changes in the
horticulture industry. In this study this includes mainly garden designers, constructors of gardens and parks and horticultural businesses at Ăsterlen. Today the most important issue,both in private and in public environment, is that the winter occupation in this area is not big enough. The consequence of this issue can result in the loss of competence to other industries if educated personnel has to stay employed only over season. The study is trying to identify and rank factors that are contributing to the problem, and propose solutions that means work opportunities for companies in the horticulture industry as well as for their employees, during twelve months of the year.Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka sĂ€songspĂ„verkan inom trĂ€dgĂ„rdsnĂ€ringen.
Undersökningen omfattar frÀmst trÀdgÄrdsdesigners, trÀdgÄrds- och parkanlÀggare samt Àgare
av plantskolor/handelstrĂ€dgĂ„rdar pĂ„ Ăsterlen. I dagslĂ€get Ă€r det viktigaste problemet, bĂ„de i
privat och offentlig miljö, att vintersysselsÀttning inom omrÄdet inte rÀcker till. Konsekvensen
av detta kan bli kompetensförlust till andra branscher om kvalificerad personal tvingas förbli
sÀsongsanstÀllda. Examensarbetet försöker identifiera och rangordna faktorer som bidrar till
problemet, samt ge förslag pÄ lösningar som innebÀr sysselsÀttning för företagare inom
trÀdgÄrdsnÀringen samt för deras anstÀllda under Ärets tolv mÄnader
Altered Expression of Somatostatin Receptors in Pancreatic Islets from NOD Mice Cultured at Different Glucose Concentrations In Vitro and in Islets Transplanted to Diabetic NOD Mice In Vivo
Somatostatin acts via five receptors (sst1â5). We investigated if the changes in pancreatic islet sst expression in diabetic NOD mice compared to normoglycemic mice are a consequence of hyperglycemia or the ongoing immune reaction in the pancreas. Pancreatic islets were isolated from NOD mice precultured for 5 days and further cultured for 3 days at high or low glucose before examined. Islets were also isolated from NOD mice and transplanted to normal or diabetic mice in a number not sufficient to cure hyperglycemia. After three days, the transplants were removed and stained for sst1â5 and islet hormones. Overall, changes in sst islet cell expression were more common in islets cultured in high glucose concentration in vitro as compared to the islet transplantation in vivo to diabetic mice. The beta and PP cells exhibited more frequent changes in sst expression, while the alpha and delta cells were relatively unaffected by the high glucose condition. Our findings suggest that the glucose level may alter sst expressed in islets cells; however, immune mechanisms may counteract such changes in islet sst expression
Simulering av tÄgtrafik - Fordons- och förarbeteende i simulering kontra verklighet
Simuleringsprogram anvĂ€nds inom jĂ€rnvĂ€gsbranschen för att simulera tĂ„gtrafik under olika förhĂ„llanden. DĂ„ fordons- och förarbeteende Ă€r av stor vikt för tĂ„gtrafiksimuleringars resultat Ă€r det viktigt att dessa data modelleras pĂ„ ett korrekt sĂ€tt utifrĂ„n verkliga förhĂ„llanden. OmrĂ„det fordons- och förarbeteende Ă€r relativt outforskat, varför studier inom omrĂ„det Ă€r önskvĂ€rda. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att - utifrĂ„n tillgĂ€nglig fordons- och förardata - undersöka fordons- och förarbeteende för jĂ€mförelse mot dagens trafiksimuleringar i simuleringsprogrammet OpenTrack. Genomförda simulering har visat att endast konstanta retardationer utifrĂ„n instĂ€llt retardationstal erhĂ„lls. Vid analys och sammanstĂ€llning av fordonsloggar har det kunnat utlĂ€sas att de genomsnittliga retardationerna varierar beroende pĂ„ utgĂ„ngshastighet, och att förarbeteendet spelar stor roll för bromsstrĂ€ckans lĂ€ngd. BromsstrĂ€ckorna tenderar att minska i spridning ju lĂ€gre utgĂ„ngshastigheten Ă€r. Andra fenomen som kunnat utlĂ€sas Ă€r tillsĂ€ttnings- och lossningstid för bromsen samt âuppoch nedstyrningstidâ för dragkraften vid accelerationer. Analys av förarbeteendet har visat att retardationerna utförs med olika bromsverkan beroende pĂ„ om retardationen Ă€r ATC-övervakad eller inte. Vidare har jĂ€mförelsen mellan simulering och fordonslogg visat pĂ„ att det finns skillnader mellan simulering och verkliga förhĂ„llanden, frĂ€mst avseende retardationsegenskaper. Resultatet av undersökningen har visat att det endast Ă€r rimligt att definiera ett normalfordon, dĂ„ fordonsbeteende kan betraktas som en funktion av bĂ„de fordons- och förarbeteende. Slutligen har resultaten i examensarbetet visat pĂ„ att det finns behov av nya och Ă€ndrade parametrar i OpenTrack, dĂ€r retardationstal utifrĂ„n utgĂ„ngshastighet Ă€r den viktigaste
Produção agroflorestal sustentåvel
Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para o litoral paranaense, envolvendo os recursos florestais da Mata AtlĂąntica. Teve como objetivo fornular modelos de produção sustentĂĄvel que, otimizando o rendimento econĂŽmico da pequena propriedade rural atravĂ©s da venda de produtos medicinais, conservassem os recursos florestais produtivos e ampliassem sua disponibilidade. Primeiramente foram selecionadas 18 espĂ©cies arbĂłreas, provenientes de 16 famĂlias, cujos produtos madeireiros e medicinais tinham preços e quantidades definidos nos respectivos mercados. A partir dos dados obtidos mediante pesquisa de mercado foi possĂvel conhecer os diversos valores e volumes comercializados de produtos madeireiros e medicinais originados de uma mesma espĂ©cie. E, ainda, estimar a renda que uma ĂĄrvore-tipo de cada espĂ©cie pode gerar, quando os produtos obtidos sĂŁo vendidos nestes dois mercados. Em todos os casos a renda dos produtos medicinais por ĂĄrvore, foi maior que a renda obtida da comercialização da madeira. Metade das espĂ©cies estudadas apresentaram boas possibilidades de produzir rendas anuais sem uso do extrativismo predatĂłrio. Na formulação dos modelos de produção, foi escolhida como exemplo, a regiĂŁo de Antonina. Foi definida a situação bĂĄsica (MI), onde uma propriedade rural de 16 ha, dedica atĂ© 3 ha para agricultura de subsistĂȘncia e tem 10 ha de floresta secundĂĄria explorĂĄvel dentro dos limites legais e de recuperação. Nos cĂĄlculos utilizou-se a força de trabalho de duas pessoas, dedicadas Ă s atividades agrĂcolas e florestais durante 8h 1dia e 273 dias/ano. A programação linear foi o mĂ©todo usado para otimizar a alocação do tempo de mĂŁo-de-obra disponĂvel. O MI maximizado teve como resultado R$3.239,00/ano. O MII inclui a receita da casca medicinal obtida das ĂĄrvores derrubadas (3,84m3/ano), com crescimento na renda anual de 18% a.a. No MIII foram acrescentados os rendimentos obtidos da venda de folhas, frutos e Ăłleo produzidos sem extrativismo predatĂłrio, com crescimento da renda anual de 63% sobre o modelo bĂĄsico. O modelo IV incluiu a domesticação de seis espĂ©cies com folhas medicinais, 900 mudas cultivadas e/ou adensadas em um hectare. Este Ășltimo modelo utilizou trĂȘs nĂveis de preços para folhas, combinados com dois diferentes perĂodos de trabalho, 288 e 320 dias ao ano. Os melhores resultados anuais foram obtidos com o MIII, onde os produtos medicinais sĂŁo vendidos no mercado coletor, e com o MIV -F que considera a venda para o mercado fracionador atacadista/varejista de Curitiba. A mĂ©dio e longo prazos, foram obtidos melhores resultados com os modelos IV -B no mercado coletor, IV-C no mercado atacadista e IV-E no mercado fracionador. As variaçÔes do modelo IV sĂŁo mais exigentes em mĂŁo-de-obra, mas permitem que os recursos produtivos sejam mantidos e melhorados
Mobile safety alarms based on gps technology in the care of older adults:Systematic review of evidence based on a general evidence framework for digital health technologies
BackgroundGPS alarms aim to support users in independent activities. Previous systematic reviews have reported a lack of clear evidence of the effectiveness of GPS alarms for the health and welfare of users and their families and for social care provision. As GPS devices are currently being implemented in social care, it is important to investigate whether the evidence of their clinical effectiveness remains insufficient. Standardized evidence frameworks have been developed to ensure that new technologies are clinically effective and offer economic value. The frameworks for analyzing existing evidence of the clinical effectiveness of GPS devices can be used to identify the risks associated with their implementation and demonstrate key aspects of successful piloting or implementation.
ObjectiveThe principal aim of this study is to provide an up-to-date systematic review of evidence based on existing studies of the effects of GPS alarms on health, welfare, and social provision in the care of older adults compared with nonâGPS-based standard care. In addition, the study findings were assessed by using the evidence standards framework for digital health technologies (DHTs) established by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom.
MethodsThis review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Primary studies published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature from January 2005 to August 2020 were identified through searches in 13 databases and several sources of gray literature. Included studies had individuals (aged â„50 years) who were receiving social care for older adults or for persons with dementia; used GPS devices as an intervention; were performed in Canada, the United States, European Union, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, South Korea, or Japan; and addressed quantitative outcomes related to health, welfare, and social care. The study findings were analyzed by using the NICE framework requirements for active monitoring DHTs.
ResultsOf the screened records, 1.6% (16/986) were included. Following the standards of the NICE framework, practice evidence was identified for the tier 1 categories Relevance to current pathways in health/social care system and Acceptability with users, and minimum evidence was identified for the tier 1 category Credibility with health, social care professionals. However, several evidence categories for tiers 1 and 2 could not be assessed, and no clear evidence demonstrating effectiveness could be identified. Thus, the evidence required for using DHTs to track patient location according to the NICE framework was insufficient.
ConclusionsEvidence of the beneficial effects of GPS alarms on the health and welfare of older adults and social care provision remains insufficient. This review illustrated the application of the NICE framework in analyses of evidence, demonstrated successful piloting and acceptability with users of GPS devices, and identified implications for future research
Artificial intelligence and precision health through lenses of ethics and social determinants of health: Protocol for a state-of-the-art literature review
Background: Precision health is a rapidly developing field, largely driven by the development of artificial intelligence (AI)ârelated solutions. AI facilitates complex analysis of numerous health data risk assessment, early detection of disease, and initiation of timely preventative health interventions that can be highly tailored to the individual. Despite such promise, ethical concerns arising from the rapid development and use of AI-related technologies have led to development of national and international frameworks to address responsible use of AI. Objective: We aimed to address research gaps and provide new knowledge regarding (1) examples of existing AI applications and what role they play regarding precision health, (2) what salient features can be used to categorize them, (3) what evidence exists for their effects on precision health outcomes, (4) how do these AI applications comply with established ethical and responsible framework, and (5) how these AI applications address equity and social determinants of health (SDOH). Methods: This protocol delineates a state-of-the-art literature review of novel AI-based applications in precision health. Published and unpublished studies were retrieved from 6 electronic databases. Articles included in this study were from the inception of the databases to January 2023. The review will encompass applications that use AI as a primary or supporting system or method when primarily applied for precision health purposes in human populations. It includes any geographical location or setting, including the internet, community-based, and acute or clinical settings, reporting clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes, including detection-, diagnosis-, promotion-, prevention-, management-, and treatment-related outcomes. Results: This is step 1 toward a full state-of-the-art literature review with data analyses, results, and discussion of findings, which will also be published. The anticipated consequences on equity from the perspective of SDOH will be analyzed. Keyword cluster relationships and analyses will be visualized to indicate which research foci are leading the development of the field and where research gaps exist. Results will be presented based on the data analysis plan that includes primary analyses, visualization of sources, and secondary analyses. Implications for future research and person-centered public health will be discussed. Conclusions: Results from the review will potentially guide the continued development of AI applications, future research in reducing the knowledge gaps, and improvement of practice related to precision health. New insights regarding examples of existing AI applications, their salient features, their role regarding precision health, and the existing evidence that exists for their effects on precision health outcomes will be demonstrated. Additionally, a demonstration of how existing AI applications address equity and SDOH and comply with established ethical and responsible frameworks will be provided
Measurement of catestatin and vasostatin in wild boar Sus scrofa captured in a corral trap
Objective
Our aim was to analyse the chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin in serum from wild boar (Sus scrofa) captured in a corral trap. Acute capture-related stress quickly leads to a release of adrenalin and noradrenalin, but these hormones have a short half-life in blood and are difficult to measure. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein which is co-released with noradrenalin and adrenalin, is relatively stable in circulation and the CgA-derived peptides catestatin and vasostatin have been measured in domestic species, but not yet in wildlife.
Results
Vasostatin and catestatin could be measured and the median (range) serum concentrations were 0.91 (0.54â2.86) and 0.65 (0.35â2.62) nmol/L, respectively. We conclude that the CgA-derived peptides vasostatin and catestatin can be measured in wild boar serum and may thus be useful as biomarkers of psychophysical stress
Kate 2006 Spring
Each year, kate seeks to: explore ideas about normative gender, sex, and sexuality work against oppression and hierarchies of power in any and all forms serve as a voice for race and gender equity as well as queer positivity encourage the silent to speak and feel less afraid build a zine and community that we care about and trusthttps://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/kate/1001/thumbnail.jp
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