Közjogi provizórium, jogfolytonosság, új közjogi irány Az 1919/1920-1944 közötti magyarországi alkotmányjog-tudomány vázlata

Az 1919/1920 és 1944 közötti évtizedekben érvényesülő közjogi provizórium mérlegét Molnár Kálmán, a pécsi tudományegyetem professzora vonta meg egyik 1945-ben tartott előadásában. A provizórikus jogrend szembetűnő fogyatékosságának tartotta, hogy az idők múlásával a magyar alkotmányos hagyományok figyelembe vétele helyett a látszatalkotmányosság „Potyemkin-falva” épült fel, egyúttal a „nemzeti önrendelkezés szelleme” helyett a kivételes hatalom szelleme érvényesült, továbbá előtérbe került a magyar alkotmányos hagyományokkal ellentétes nemzetiszocializmus Gömbös Gyula és Szálasi Ferenc nevével fémjelzett kaszárnyaszelleme. Vajon mennyiben érzékelték az alkotmányjog-tudomány képviselői a közjogi provizórium időszakában a Molnár Kálmán által diagnosztizált kisiklást? Milyen volt egyáltalán a közjogi provizórium arculata? Melyek voltak a korszak fontosabb alkotmányjogi vitakérdései? Mindezekre a felvetésekre akkor kaphatunk választ, ha - a személyi körön és az intézményi kereteken kívül - áttekintjük, hogy milyen fontosabb területeket gondoztak a két világháború közötti korszakban a hazai alkotmányjog-tudomány képviselői, továbbá miként vélekedtek a magyar alkotmány és alkotmányjog változásairól, illetve a hazai alkotmányjogot ért kihívásokról

Ethical Awareness, Ethical Judgment and Whistleblowing: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

This study aims to examine the ethical decision-making (EDM) model proposed by Schwartz (J Bus Ethics, doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2886-8,2016), where we consider the factors of non-rationality and aspects that affect ethical judgments of auditors to make the decision to blow the whistle. In this paper, we argue that the intention of whistleblowing depends on ethical awareness (EAW) and ethical judgment (EJW) as well as there is a mediation–moderation due to emotion (EMT) and perceived moral intensity (PMI) of auditors. Data were collected using an online surveywith 162 external auditors who worked on audit firms in Indonesia as well as 173 internal auditors working in the manufacturing and financial services. The result of multigroup analysis shows that emotion (EMT) can mediate the relationship between EAW and EJW. The nature of this relationship is more complex and then tested by adding moderating variables using consistent partial least squares approach. We found that EMT and PMI can improve the relationship between ethical judgments and whistleblowing intentions. These findings indicate that internal auditors are more likely to blow the whistle than external auditors; and reporting wrongdoing internally and anonymously are the preferred way of professional accountants to blow the whistle in Indonesia

Thermodynamische und katalytische Eigenschaften von Titan- und Cer-dotierten komplexen Aluminiumhydriden

Titan- und Cer-dotierte komplexe Aluminiumhydride sind sehr leistungsfähige Wasserstoffspeichermaterialien. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss der Dotierung auf die thermodynamischen Eigenschaften der Aluminiumhydride untersucht und durch die Entwicklung eines mechanistischen Modells erklärt. Außerdem wurde die Eignung der Materialien als Hydrierkatalysator für organische Reduktionen untersucht. Dabei konnte ein Mechanismus postuliert werden, bei dem das Hydrid den Wasserstoff an das organische Molekül abgibt und anschließend durch Wasserstoff aus der Atmosphäre wieder aufgeladen wird

Preoperative Planning of Transapical Beating Heart Mitral Valve Repair for Safe Adaptation in Clinical Practice

Objective: Transapical off-pump minimally invasive mitral valve repair (TOP-MINI) is a new technique for the surgical repair of degenerative mitral regurgitation based on mitral valve prolapse. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the preoperative planning tools available for starting this new procedure in a safe manner. Methods: The first patients undergoing TOP-MINI by a single surgeon in 2016 were prospectively included. All patients underwent identical clinical pathways and underwent extensive preoperative planning for a safe start of the program. Patients were discussed in our dedicated mitral valve heart-team consisting of diagnostic and interventional mitral valve specialists. All patients underwent computed tomography, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and mitral valve replication using rapid prototyping. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team. Results: Thirty-six patients were discussed for isolated mitral valve repair in our dedicated mitral valve heart team of which seven patients were deemed eligible for this novel approach. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of computed tomography images allowed the surgical team to determine skin incision level and ideal level of device insertion near the apex of the heart. Echocardiography and rapid prototyping allowed us to assess surgical success probability by determining the amount of tissue overlap and was used intraoperatively for guidance. All patients were operated on successfully, without any major adverse events. Conclusions: We demonstrate a method to safely start the TOP-MINI program with precise patient selection and preoperative planning, allowing us to determine procedural strategy and assessment of surgical success probability

Multidisciplinary decision-making in mitral valve disease:the mitral valve heart team

BackgroundAlthough decision-making using the heart-team approach is apparently intuitive and has aclassI recommendation in most recent guidelines, supportive data is still lacking. The current study aims to demonstrate the individualised clinical pathway for mitral valve disease patients and to evaluate the outcome of all patients referred to the dedicated mitral valve heart team.MethodsAll patients who were evaluated for mitral valve pathology with or without concomitant cardiac disease between 1January 2016 and 31December 2016 were prospectively followed and included. Patients were evaluated, and atreatment strategy was determined by the dedicated mitral valve heart team.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-eight patients were included; 67patients were treated surgically (isolated and concomitant surgery), 20 by transcatheter interventions and 71conservatively. Surgically treated patients had ahigher 30-day mortality rate (4.4%), which decreased when specified to adedicated surgeon (1.7%) and in primary, elective cases (0%). This was also observed for major adverse events within 30days. Residual mitral regurgitation >grade2 was more frequent in the catheter-based intervention group (23.5%) compared to the surgical group (4.8%).ConclusionIn conclusion, the implementation of amultidisciplinary heart team for mitral valve disease is avaluable approach for the selection of patients for different treatment modalities. Our research group will focus on afuture comparative study using historical cohorts to prove the potential superiority of the dedicated multidisciplinary heart-team approach