2-D angle of arrival estimation using a one-dimensional antenna array

In this paper, a two-dimensional (2-D) angle of arrival (AOA) estimator is presented for vertically polarised waves in which a one-dimensional (1-D) antenna array is used. Many 2-D AOA estimators were previously developed to estimate elevation and azimuth angles. These estimators require a 2-D antenna array setup such as the L-shaped or parallel antenna 1-D arrays. In this paper a 2-D AOA estimator is presented which requires only a 1-D antenna array. This presented method is named Estimation of 2-D Angle of arrival using Reduced antenna array dimension (EAR). The EAR estimator utilises the antenna radiation pattern factor to reduce the required antenna array dimensionality. Thus, 2-D AOA estimation is possible using antenna arrays of reduced size and with a minimum of two elements only, which is very beneficial in applications with size and space limitations. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the presented method

Scorch marks from the sky

Daily sunshine duration is commonly reported at weather stations. Beyond the basic duration report, more information is available from scorched cards of Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders, such as the estimation of direct-beam solar irradiance. Sunshine cards therefore potentially provide information on sky state, as inferred from solar-radiation data. Some sites have been operational since the late 19th century, hence sunshine cards potentially provide underexploited historical data on sky state. Sunshine cards provide an example of an archive source yielding data beyond the measurements originally sought

Item 1. Apologies

Apologies were received from Stephen Burt & Dave Bullock. Item 2. Agreement of agenda The agenda was agreed. Item 3. Minutes of last meeting The minutes of the committee meeting & AGM held on 12 th September 2014 were agreed as being correct. Item 4. Items arising Actions from the previous committee meeting were considered and the following matters were discussed: Rain gauge raffle – At the 2013 RMetS Amateur Meteorologist Symposium, MD organised a SIG stand where he raffled an EML rain gauge, signed-up 29 new members & raised £145. MD was thanked for his hard work. New committee member – MD has contacted, but not yet had a reply from, Mark Wilkinson (James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen) to invite him to join the SIG committee. The SIG has offered to pay travel expenses for Mark for one trip/year to attend a SI

Case-Based Learning for Classroom Ready Teachers: Addressing the Theory Practice Disjunction through Narrative Pedagogy

Classroom readiness and the attendant theory-practice disjunction remains a key concern of policy makers, stakeholders and graduate teachers themselves. Links between the theoretical knowledge that preservice teachers gain during initial teacher education (ITE) courses and the practical learning of their school placements need to be strengthened in order to enhance beginning teachers’ classroom readiness, or capacity to use their professional knowledge in a classroom setting. We argue that a hybrid model of case-based learning, involving the writing and interpreting of local ‘case-stories,’ can offer preservice teachers meaningful engagement with ‘real’ teaching experiences and build context-dependent knowledge outside of the placement setting. This article describes a mixed-method pilot study on the development and use of an online resource of multi-modal place-based ‘case-stories’ of preservice teachers in Central Australia. It describes the three elements of the hybrid case-learning (HCL) model - the platform and place, structure, and resource-set. These elements interact to enable preservice teachers to enhance their classroom readiness through the development of narrative thinking practices and context-dependent knowledge. Preliminary findings suggest the HCL model offers scaffolding for the development of narrative epistemologies, leading to a change in thinking practices and the creation of meaningful connections between lived experiences and conceptual understandings

Malignant enchondroma of the testis: Re-examination of Sir James Paget's case, described in the transactions of the Med.-Chir. Soc., 1855, vol. xxxviii. p. 247

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Inner belt and slot region electron lifetimes and energization rates based on AKEBONO statistics of whistler waves

International audienceGlobal statistics of the amplitude distributions of hiss, lightning-generated, and other whistlermode waves fromterrestrial VLF transmitters have been obtained from the EXOS-D (Akebono) satellite in theEarth’s plasmasphere and fitted as functions of L and latitude for two geomagnetic activity ranges (Kp 3). In particular, the present study focuses on the inner zone L ∈ [1.4, 2] where reliable in situmeasurements were lacking. Such statistics are critically needed for an accurate assessment of the role andrelative dominance of each type of wave in the dynamics of the inner radiation belt. While VLF waves seemto propagate mainly in a ducted mode at L ∼ 1.5–3 for Kp 3). Hiss waves are generally the most intense in the inner belt, andlightning-generated and hiss wave intensities increase with geomagnetic activity. Lightning-generatedwave amplitudes generally peak within 10◦ of the equator in the region L < 2 where magnetosonic waveamplitudes are weak for Kp < 3. Based on this statistics, simplified models of each wave type are presented.Quasi-linear pitch angle and energy diffusion rates of electrons by the full wave model are then calculated.Corresponding electron lifetimes compare well with decay rates of trapped energetic electrons obtainedfrom Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer and other satellites at L ∈ [1.4, 2]