Johnny feels cranky : a family systems approach to studying the links between interparental conflict and preschoolers\u27 emotion understanding

Emotion understanding is a necessary ability for young children to develop, as this competence helps children navigate their social world. Parents offer a rich environment for children to learn about emotion, but to date little is known about how interparental conflict relates to children\u27s growing emotion understanding. From a family systems perspective, it is important to consider not only how conflict behaviors may be connected with children\u27 emotion understanding directly, but also indirectly through changes in parenting behaviors. In this study interparental conflict tactics and related parenting behaviors of both mothers and fathers were examined in relation to children\u27s emotion understanding. At Time 1, seventy-four families participated and parents\u27 conflict and parenting behaviors were observed with their infants present. Thirty families returned when children were of the preschool age and children\u27s emotion understanding was assessed. Significant associations emerged for fathers\u27, but not mothers\u27, conflict styles in relation to children\u27s emotion understanding. Contrary to expectations, fathers\u27 use of constructive conflict was negatively associated with children\u27s emotion understanding, whereas fathers\u27 use of depressive conflict was related to higher levels of children\u27s emotion understanding. Implications for how these processes relate to children\u27s emotion understanding in the broader context of the family emotional climate and children\u27s developmental level are discussed

Sheep Nodule Worms

Among the many other war shortages, absorbable sutures are becoming very scarce and the supply of raw material for producing them is difficult to obtain. This is because the so-called cat gut suture material is obtained from the upper 8 or 9 feet of the small intestine of sheep

Hog Cholera

Hog Cholera still kills more hogs than any other disease but, though it is incurable, it CAN be prevented. Cholera is highly contagious and easily spread by introducing new animals into a herd, by attendants carrying the infection on shoes or clothing, by vehicles, by roving animals and birds and by food and water contamination. The number of outbreaks reported each year usually is dependent on the density of hog population and the movement of swine in that area

Child Support Enforcement and Establishment of Paternity as Tools of Welfare Reform—Social Services Amendments of 1974, pt. B, 42 U.S.C. §§ 651-60 (Supp. V, 1975)

This note will discuss the purposes of\u27 the amendrnents, describe how the provisions are intended to, work, and indicate what is required by HEW and the state welfare agencies for compliance. Constitutional and administrative problems that can be anticipated as the provisions are implemented will also be explored. Finally, the existing Washington State system of child support enforcement will be explained and offered as an example of a successful approach to this difficult problem

Synthesis and Characterization of Pillared Monovalent Metal Alkyl Diphosphonates

A particular type of organic-inorganic hybrid materials is represented by the metal organophosphonates in which phosphonate groups are bonded to the metal backbone. The metal phosphonates of general composition X[HO3PC4H8PO3H2], X[HO3PC5H10PO3H2 ], and X[HO3PC6H12PO3H2], where X = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, have been synthesized by microwave reactions to study the effect of both the change in the size of the metal and the length of the ligand on the three-dimensional structure. Structural studies from single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals that these compounds exhibit a 1:2 metal to phosphonate ratio, making them Brönsted acids. This 1:2 ratio is uncommon in metal diphosphonates but has been observed in a few other structures including the alkali metal ethylene1 and bipheneylenediphosphonates2. In the case of the alkali metal ethylene diphosphonates all structures were able to undergo acid-base intercalation with ammonia1. It is hoped that extending the length of the alkyl chain will afford increased porosity and thus resulting in increased ammonia intercalation. In addition, structural and other physical trends exhibited by these compounds can potentially be applied to future work on di- and tri-valent metal diphosphonates, which are more difficult to structurally characterize due to poor crystallization

Création de l'espace diplomatique à Rome à l'époque médio-républicaine

Les sources littéraires, mais surtout les données archéologiques, indiquent qu à l époque médio-républicaine a dû apparaître la Graecostasis, cet espace entièrement dédié à la réception des ambassadeurs. Les Romains ont dû éprouver la nécessité de créer un lieu spécifique pour accueillir des ambassadeurs totalement étrangers, du point de vue religieux et culturel, au monde romain. Il se pourrait ainsi que les Romains aient créé cet espace à l occasion de l octroi de l hospitium publicum aux Massaliotes dans les premières décennies du IVème siècle. En accordant en effet l hospitalité publique à des représentants d une cité grecque, ils introduisaient dans l espace pomérial un corps étranger et la Graecostasis put servir d espace de transition, afin de permettre l assimilation de ces représentants étrangers au sein du c ur civique de la cité. Ce faisant, c était l espace proprement diplomatique qui était inventé à Rome

Nutrient and Contaminant Export Dynamics in a Larger-order Midwestern Watershed: Upper White River, Central Indiana, USA

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The transport of excess nutrients, sediment, and other contaminants to surface waters has been shown to cause a number of environmental and human health concerns. An understanding of the export pathways that these contaminants follow to surrounding water bodies is crucial to the anticipation and management of peak concentration events. Several studies have demonstrated that the majority of annual contaminant loading in the Midwest occurs during periods of elevated discharge. However, many studies use a limited number of sampling points to determine concentration patterns, loadings, and fluxes which decreases accuracy. Through high-resolution storm sampling conducted in a 2945 km2 (1137 mi2) area of central Indiana’s Upper White River Watershed, this research has documented the complex concentration signals and fluxes associated with a suite of cations, nutrients, and contaminants and isolated their primary transport pathways. Additionally, by comparing the results of similar studies conducted on smaller areas within this watershed, differences in concentration patterns and fluxes, as they relate to drainage area, have also been documented. Similar to the results of previous studies, NO3- concentrations lacked a well-defined relationship relative to discharge and was attributed to primarily subsurface contribution. DOC was exported along a shallow, lateral subsurface pathway, TP and TSS via overland flow, and TKN through a combination of both. Near or in-channel scouring of sediment increased DOC, TKN, TP, and TSS concentrations during Storm 2. Atrazine export was attributed to a combination of overland and subsurface pathways. 2-MIB and geosmin derived from different sources and pathways despite being produced by similar organisms. 2-MIB concentration patterns were characterized by dilution of an in-stream source during Storm 1 and potential sediment export during Storm 2 while in-stream concentrations or a sediment source of geosmin was rapidly exhausted during Storm 1. Many of the concentration patterns were subject to an exaggerated averaging effect due to the mixing of several larger watersheds, especially during Storm 1. This research illustrates the need for high-frequency sampling to accurately quantify contaminant loads for total maximum daily load (TMDL) values, developing best management practices (BMPs), and confronting the challenges associated with modeling increasingly larger-scale watersheds

Prenatal Exposure to DEHP Affects Spermatogenesis and Sperm DNA Methylation in a Strain-Dependent Manner.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phtalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer with endocrine disrupting properties found ubiquitously in the environment and altering reproduction in rodents. Here we investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to DEHP on spermatogenesis and DNA sperm methylation in two distinct, selected, and sequenced mice strains. FVB/N and C57BL/6J mice were orally exposed to 300 mg/kg/day of DEHP from gestation day 9 to 19. Prenatal DEHP exposure significantly decreased spermatogenesis in C57BL/6J (fold-change = 0.6, p-value = 8.7*10-4), but not in FVB/N (fold-change = 1, p-value = 0.9). The number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by DEHP-exposure across the entire genome showed increased hyper- and decreased hypo-methylation in C57BL/6J compared to FVB/N. At the promoter level, three important subsets of genes were massively affected. Promoters of vomeronasal and olfactory receptors coding genes globally followed the same trend, more pronounced in the C57BL/6J strain, of being hyper-methylated in DEHP related conditions. In contrast, a large set of micro-RNAs were hypo-methylated, with a trend more pronounced in the FVB/N strain. We additionally analyze both the presence of functional genetic variations within genes that were associated with the detected DMRs and that could be involved in spermatogenesis, and DMRs related with the DEHP exposure that affected both strains in an opposite manner. The major finding in this study indicates that prenatal exposure to DEHP can decrease spermatogenesis in a strain-dependent manner and affects sperm DNA methylation in promoters of large sets of genes putatively involved in both sperm chemotaxis and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms

Compte rendu de l’atelier doctoral « L’Italie “à parts égales” : écrire l’histoire de l’Italie avant la conquête romaine » (Naples, Centre Jean Bérard, 1er‑5 juillet 2013)

Du 1er au 5 juillet 2013 s’est tenu à Naples, dans les locaux du centre Jean Bérard, l’atelier doctoral « L’Italie “à parts égales” : écrire l’histoire de l’Italie avant la conquête romaine ». Cet atelier, fruit d’une coopération entre l’École française de Rome et le centre Jean Bérard de Naples, s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche de l’École française de Rome, intitulé « Italia picta : territoires italiens et pratiques romaines (ve‑iiie siècles avant J.‑C.) ». Au sein de ce programme, r..