2,498 research outputs found
The Light Curve and Internal Magnetic Field of the Mode-Switching Pulsar PSR B0943+10
A number of radio pulsars exhibit intriguing mode-switching behavior. Recent
observations of PSR B0943+10 revealed correlated radio and X-ray mode switches,
providing a new avenue for understanding this class of objects. The large X-ray
pulse fraction observed during the radio quiet phase (Q mode) was previously
interpreted as a result of changing obscuration of X-rays by dense
magnetosphere plasma. We show that the large X-ray pulse fraction can be
explained by including the beaming effect of a magnetic atmosphere, while
remaining consistent with the dipole field geometry constrained by radio
observations. We also explore a more extreme magnetic field configuration,
where a magnetic dipole displaced from the center of the star produces two
magnetic polar caps of different sizes and magnetic field strengths. These
models are currently consistent with data in radio and X-rays and can be tested
or constrained by future X-ray observations.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to ApJ
Riboswitch identification using Ligase-Assisted Selection for the Enrichment of Responsive Ribozymes (LigASERR)
In vitro selection of ligand-responsive ribozymes can identify rare, functional sequences from large libraries. While powerful, key caveats of this approach include lengthy and demanding experimental workflows; unpredictable experimental outcomes and unknown functionality of enriched sequences in vivo. To address the first of these limitations we developed Ligase-Assisted Selection for the Enrichment of Responsive Ribozymes (LigASERR). LigASERR is scalable, amenable to automation and requires less time to implement compared to alternative methods. To improve the predictability of experiments, we modelled the underlying selection process, predicting experimental outcomes based on sequence and population parameters. We applied this new methodology and model to the enrichment of a known, in vitro-selected sequence from a bespoke library. Prior to implementing selection, conditions were optimised and target sequence dynamics accurately predicted for the majority of the experiment. In addition to enriching the target sequence, we identified two new, theophylline-activated ribozymes. Notably, all three sequences yielded riboswitches functional in Escherichia coli, suggesting LigASERR and similar in vitro selection methods can be utilised for generating functional riboswitches in this organism
Renormalization group theory for finite-size scaling in extreme statistics
We present a renormalization group (RG) approach to explain universal
features of extreme statistics, applied here to independent, identically
distributed variables. The outlines of the theory have been described in a
previous Letter, the main result being that finite-size shape corrections to
the limit distribution can be obtained from a linearization of the RG
transformation near a fixed point, leading to the computation of stable
perturbations as eigenfunctions. Here we show details of the RG theory which
exhibit remarkable similarities to the RG known in statistical physics. Besides
the fixed points explaining universality, and the least stable eigendirections
accounting for convergence rates and shape corrections, the similarities
include marginally stable perturbations which turn out to be generic for the
Fisher-Tippett-Gumbel class. Distribution functions containing unstable
perturbations are also considered. We find that, after a transitory divergence,
they return to the universal fixed line at the same or at a different point
depending on the type of perturbation.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Application of the direct Liapunov method to the problem of symmetric stability in the atmosphere
The problem of symmetric stability is examined within the context of the direct Liapunov method. The sufficient conditions for stability derived by Fjørtoft are shown to imply finite-amplitude, normed stability. This finite-amplitude stability theorem is then used to obtain rigorous upper bounds on the saturation amplitude of disturbances to symmetrically unstable flows.By employing a virial functional, the necessary conditions for instability implied by the stability theorem are shown to be in fact sufficient for instability. The results of Ooyama are improved upon insofar as a tight two-sided (upper and lower) estimate is obtained of the growth rate of (modal or nonmodal) symmetric instabilities.The case of moist adiabatic systems is also considered
The effect of a regional increase in ocean surface roughness on the tropospheric circulation: a GCM experiment
The sensitivity of the atmospheric circulation to an increase in ocean surface roughness in the Southern Hemisphere storm track is investigated in a paired general circulation model experiment. Such a change in sea roughness could be induced by ocean waves generated by storms. Two extended permanent-July runs are made. One with standard sea surface roughness, the other with ten times as a large surface roughness over open sea poleward of 40-degrees-S. The regional increase in ocean surface roughness significantly modifies the tropospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. The strongest effect is the reduction of tropospheric winds (by 2 m/s or 100%) above the area with increased roughness. The poleward eddy momentum flux is reduced in the upper troposphere and the meridional eddy sensible heat flux is reduced in the lower troposphere. Zonal mean and eddy kinetic energy are consistently reduced
Efeito de diferentes tecnologias de armazenamento na qualidade de maçãs.
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as mudanças físico-químicas, sensoriais e moleculares associadas às condições de armazenamento e a relação dessas características com a perda de qualidade em maçãs
The backbone of the climate network
We propose a method to reconstruct and analyze a complex network from data
generated by a spatio-temporal dynamical system, relying on the nonlinear
mutual information of time series analysis and betweenness centrality of
complex network theory. We show, that this approach reveals a rich internal
structure in complex climate networks constructed from reanalysis and model
surface air temperature data. Our novel method uncovers peculiar wave-like
structures of high energy flow, that we relate to global surface ocean
currents. This points to a major role of the oceanic surface circulation in
coupling and stabilizing the global temperature field in the long term mean
(140 years for the model run and 60 years for reanalysis data). We find that
these results cannot be obtained using classical linear methods of multivariate
data analysis, and have ensured their robustness by intensive significance
testing.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Extreme value distributions and Renormalization Group
In the classical theorems of extreme value theory the limits of suitably
rescaled maxima of sequences of independent, identically distributed random
variables are studied. So far, only affine rescalings have been considered. We
show, however, that more general rescalings are natural and lead to new limit
distributions, apart from the Gumbel, Weibull, and Fr\'echet families. The
problem is approached using the language of Renormalization Group
transformations in the space of probability densities. The limit distributions
are fixed points of the transformation and the study of the differential around
them allows a local analysis of the domains of attraction and the computation
of finite-size corrections.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Final versio
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