Social creativity and phenomenon of success in postindustrial society

The article deals with the problem of mutual relations between the social creativity and the substance of success. This problem is analyzed with reference of contemporary conceptions of social reality which unite objective and subjective aspects of the society and make accent on the complex and dynamic its character. Such approach leads to idea that success means capability to change social space and time. The success creates a new point of attraction not only by success itself but also by future possibility. The success in postindustrial society obtains the symbolic form more than material. The direction of the social mobility in case of success may be not only vertical. These transformations are the process of social creativity

Inflammatory bowel disease risk factors

Ústav hygieny 3. LF UKDepartment of Hygiene 3FM CUThird Faculty of Medicine3. lékařská fakult

Role of Sensual Image in Scientific Generalisation

The method of generalisation widely used in scientific research is a variant of the similar logical method. Generalisation in different scientific areas has its own specifics, but in fundamental knowledge, it allows to create general concepts. We explore generalisation in scientific knowledge, focusing on the peculiarities of the formation of general concepts and the role of sensory image in their functioning in scientific theory and the retranslation of scientific knowledge. Scientific, philosophical, religious, literary texts were studied and compared to determine the essence and characteristic features of the generalisation method. Subsequently, the information extracted from these texts was systematised using the methods of similarity and difference. The resulting material based on analogy served as the basis for the conclusion.  The method of concomitant variations turned out to be necessary for establishing the dependence of scientific results on changes in research conditions, which was done on the example of the evolution of generalising images in the field of atomic physics. During generalisation, it is necessary to search for a successful image of a general concept, which is important for understanding its meaning. The image obtained as a result of generalisation of scientific knowledge is an essential semantic unit of a scientific retranslation. General concepts contain generalised images of classes of objects and thus configure the scientific picture of the world. They perform not only a representative but a communicative function in the process of reproducing of scientific knowledge both within science and in society. While scientific knowledge becomes more and more abstract, a sensual image makes it possible to detect relationships that are not accessible to a rational level of knowledge. It also facilitates the transferring of knowledge in learning

High Serine-arginine Protein Kinase 1 Expression with PTEN Loss Defines Aggressive Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Associated with Lethal Outcome and Decreased Overall Survival

Background: Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, its prognostic value and association with ERG and PTEN expression, two of the most common genetic alterations, have not been explored fully. Objective: We assessed the prognostic value of SRPK1 in association with ERG and PTEN in a cohort of patients managed nonsurgically by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced disease. Design, setting, and participants: The study cohort consisted of men diagnosed with PCa by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP; n = 480). The patients were divided into three main groups: incidental (patients with Gleason score [GS] ≤7 with no prior ADT), advanced (patients with GS ≥8 with no prior ADT), and castrate-resistant PCa (patients with prior ADT). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: A total of 480 TURP samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry for SRPK1, ERG, and PTEN, and results were correlated with Gleason grade group (GG), overall survival (OS), and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). Results and limitations: High SRPK1 expression was noted in 105/455 (23%) available patient cores. Expression of SRPK1 was associated with Gleason grade grouping (p \u3c 0.0001) with high expression detected in 22/74 (33%) with GG 5. High SRPK1 was not associated with ERG positivity (p = 0.18) but was significantly associated with PTEN intensity (p = 0.001). High SRPK1 was associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99; confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–2.54, p \u3c 0.0001) and PCSM (HR 1.64; CI: 1.19–2.26, p \u3c 0.002). Adjusting for Gleason score, patients with high SRPK1 and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for both OS and PCSM compared with other patients (p \u3c 0.0001, HR: 3.02; CI: 1.87–4.88 and HR: 6.40, CI: 3.19–12.85, respectively). Conclusions: High SRPK1 is associated with worse OS and PCSM. Moreover, patients with high SRPK1 expression and loss of PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for OS and cancer-specific mortality. Combined status of SRPK1 and PTEN may provide added value in stratifying patients into various prognostic groups. Patient summary: The expression of serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) combined with PTEN has a significant prognostic role in prostate cancer patients. Patients with high SRPK1 expression and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for overall survival and cancer-specific mortality

Intravital imaging tumor screen used to identify novel metastasis-blocking therapeutic targets

Cancer cell motility is a key driver of metastasis. Although the intravasation of cancer cells into the blood stream is highly dependent on their motility and metastatic dissemination is the primary cause of cancer related deaths, current therapeutic strategies do not target the genes and proteins that are essential for cell motility. A primary reason for this is because the identification of cell motility-related genes that are relevant in vivo requires the visualization of metastatic lesions forming in an appropriate in vivo model. The cancer research community has lacked an in vivo and intravital metastatic cancer model that could be imaged as motility developed, in real-time. To address this, we developed a novel quantitative in vivo screening platform based on intravital imaging in shell-less ex ovo chick embryos. We applied this imaging approach to screen a human genome-wide short hairpin RNA library (shRNA) versus the highly motile head and neck cancer cells (HEp3 cell line) introduced into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos and identified multiple novel in vivo cancer cell motility-associated genes. When the expression of several of the identified genes was inhibited in the HEp3 tumors, we observed a nearly total block of spontaneous cancer metastasis

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital

Cdc42 promotes transendothelial migration of cancer cells through β1 integrin.

Cancer cells interact with endothelial cells during the process of metastatic spreading. Here, we use a small interfering RNA screen targeting Rho GTPases in cancer cells to identify Cdc42 as a critical regulator of cancer cell-endothelial cell interactions and transendothelial migration. We find that Cdc42 regulates β1 integrin expression at the transcriptional level via the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). β1 integrin is the main target for Cdc42-mediating interaction of cancer cells with endothelial cells and the underlying extracellular matrix, as exogenous β1 integrin expression was sufficient to rescue the Cdc42-silencing phenotype. We show that Cdc42 was required in vivo for cancer cell spreading and protrusion extension along blood vessels and retention in the lungs. Interestingly, transient Cdc42 depletion was sufficient to decrease experimental lung metastases, which suggests that its role in endothelial attachment is important for metastasis. By identifying β1 integrin as a transcriptional target of Cdc42, our results provide new insight into Cdc42 function

How extensive creativity is related to the escalation of violence in art?

Film, dramaturgy and literature exhibit increasingly more episodes of cruelty in the interactions between the characters. With its focus on the core ideas about escalation of violence, this paper examines the fundamental reasons for the upsurge in depictions of violence in art. The article demonstrates social, cultural and anthropological factors contributed to shaping the technosphere which impedes the comprehension of the relationship and the contrast between life and death. Without this comprehension, a cultural dysfunction entails the existential crisis, hinders feeling fully alive, and provokes a “safe” virtual way to generate a limit situation that restores “life’s integrity” experience. Art that demonstrates violent scenes is one of these methods. In addition, and this is the first paper to analyze this, the extensive type of creativity dominates the postindustrial society culture. Research demonstrates that extensive creativity does not contain an ethical component and nor foster immunity to violence. On the contrary, by directing an individual towards exploring and transforming the external world, it provokes violence, since the nature of expansion is a priori forced. The authors conclude that escalation of violence in art testifies to the deficit of cultural methods that allow to satisfy a person’s existential needs. Santrauka Filmuose, dramaturgijoje ir literatūroje vis daugiau demonstruojama žiaurumo epizodų personažų santykiuose. Susitelkiant į esmines idėjas augančio smurto klausimu, šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamos pagrindinės priežastys, dėl kurių smurtas mene tapo ypač dažnai vaizduojamas. Straipsnyje atskleidžiami socialiniai, kultūriniai ir antropologiniai veiksniai, prisidėję prie formavimosi technosferos, trukdančios suprasti gyvenimo bei mirties santykį ir priešpriešą. Be šio supratimo kultūrinė disfunkcija sukelia egzistencinę krizę, neleidžia išgyventi pilnutinės gyvasties jausmo ir provokuoja „saugų“ virtualų būdą sukelti apribojimo situaciją, kuri atkuria „gyvenimo integralumo“ patirtį. Menas, demonstruojantis smurto scenas, yra vienas iš šių metodų. Be to, tai pirmasis straipsnis, kuriame analizuojamas šis plataus kūrybiškumo tipas, vyraujantis postindustrinės visuomenės kultūroje. Tyrimas rodo, kad platus kūrybiškumas neapima etinio komponento ir nestiprina imuniteto smurtui. Priešingai, nukreipiant individą į išorinio pasaulio tyrinėjimą ir keitimą, provokuojamas smurtas, nes ekspansijos pobūdis a priori yra priverstinis. Autoriai daro išvadą, kad smurto eskalavimas mene liudija apie kultūrinių metodų, leidžiančių patenkinti egzistencinius asmens poreikius, trūkumą. Reikšminiai žodžiai:  agresija, šiuolaikinis menas, žiaurumas, egzistenciniai poreikiai, platus kūrybiškumas, filmas, technogeninė civilizacija, smurtas.

The versatility of carboxytherapy in pathogenic therapy

Carbon dioxide is a powerful physiological regulator (physiological and pharmacological pacemaker) of numerous body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, excretory, hematopoietic, immune,etc. Therefore, at present, carboxytherapy, due to the universal nature of pharmacodynamics, its physiology is one of the methods widely used in medicine for the treatment of a large number of diseases and has received official recognition in many countries worldwide. The use of CO2 in surgery is not limited to disinfection of surgical wounds, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and antioxidant effects. Inhaling carbon dioxide in a low concentration (3-5%) has a reflex stimulating effect on the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the medulla oblongata: it causes deep and rapid breathing, and excitation of the vasomotor center - an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This reflex effect of CO2 is used during anesthesia to stimulate pulmonary ventilation with a mixture of CO2 and O2 (carbogen) while suppressing pulmonary ventilation. Inhalation of CO2 helps with vascular collapse to increase cerebral blood flow. Thus, carboxytherapy in the complex of pharmacotherapeutic treatment of diseases is a worthy alternative to drugs that have synergistic pathogenetic (antioxidant, antihypoxic, anti-inflammatory) and symptomatic (vasodilator, analgesic, hypolipidemic, antiseptic, reparative) effects. Keywords: carbon dioxide, carboxytherapy, pathogenic therapy