Editorial: Social inclusion

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Materialer og møteplasser i barnehagen

Du vet når du har samlet løv i en haug om høsten, og bare må hoppe i det? Sånn vil jeg at ungene skal føle det når de kommer til en ny møteplass i barnehagen.» (Fritt gjengitt fra intervju). Slik beskrev den ene informanten det da vedkommende snakket om møteplasser og miljø som drar deg inn og må utforskes. I min siste praksisperiode i barnehage i høst skulle jeg gjennomføre utviklingsarbeid som en del av praksisoppgavene. Temaet for dette arbeidet ble etter en del utprøving Felles møteplasser. I dette arbeidet opplevde jeg at det å ha noe å samles rundt bidro til fellesskap. Jeg ble nysgjerrig og ville se nærmere på materialenes betydning for barnegruppa og fellesskapet. Min problemstilling ble derfor, etter litt veiledning, «Hvordan kan materialer fungere som møteplass i barnehagen?».publishedVersio

Change : easier said than done

Denne studien omhandler bedrifters møte med endringer. Som følge av et stadig mer konkurranseintensivt markedet er behovet for omstilling avgjørende for å sikre overlevelse og konkurranseevne. Globalisering og internasjonalisering stiller krav til norsk kostnadsnivå, hvor spesielt industribedrifter møter konkurransen fra lavkostnadsland. Erkjennelsen av nødvendig endring er viktig, men likevel en vanskelig oppgave å gjennomføre. Mange bedrifter mislykkes i forsøket på å nå planlagte endringsmål, og denne oppgaven belyser endringsproblematikken. Oppgavens problemstilling er derfor som følger: «Hvilke forhold påvirker endringsprosessen til Ulefos Jernværk?» Det teoretiske rammeverket fokuserer på fire hovedfaktorer som påvirker endring; Kommunikasjon, kultur, læring og motstand. Studien har blitt utført kvalitativt med dybdeintervjuer av en casebedrift i en pågående endringsprosess. Ti informanter uttrykte oppfatninger og holdninger knyttet de tre forskningsspørsmålene, som har blitt benyttet for å svare på problemstillingen. Resultatet viser at Ulefos Jernværk sin metode for implementering av endringer har ført til et manglende fokus viet de fire hovedfaktorene. Dette har ført til komplikasjoner i form av motstand som følge av manglende forståelse, endringsvilje og eierforhold til endring. Endringer hittil i bedriften tilsier første ordens endringer. Det er derfor en betydelig differanse mellom bedriftens resultat og forventninger. Endringsmålene kan vanskelig nås uten annen ordens endringer. Likevel er det grunn til å tro fokus på belyste områder vil føre bedriften i riktig retning.This study deals with businesses’ direct meeting with change. As a result of an increasingly competitive market, the need for adjustment is crucial for further competitiveness and survival. Increased globalization and internationalization put pressure on production costs in Norway, particularly in the manufacturing industry. Acknowledging the need for change, and then seeing it through, is a difficult matter. Many businesses fail at reaching their set goals for change, and this study highlights this issue. The problem addressed in this study is therefore as follows: «What factors affect the process of change at Ulefos Jernværk?» The theoretical framework focus on four major factors that affect change within a business: Communication, culture, learning and resistance to change. The study has been conducted qualitatively using in-depth interviews with a business in an ongoing process of change. Ten informants of different occupations within the business has expressed their opinions and thoughts related to the three research questions that have been used to answer the addressed problem. The results show that Ulefos Jernværk’s method of implementation has lacked a dedicated focus to the four major factors that can affect change. Lack of understanding, change ownership, and willingness to change is the product of complications in the form of resistance to change. As a result of this, changes in the company indicates first order changes. Thus, there is a significant difference between the expected effects of change, and the actual results. The set goals for change can hardly be reached without second order changes. Nonetheless, there is a reason to believe that focus on the highlighted areas will lead the company in the right direction.M-Ø

Historiefortelling som brobygger mellom praksis og høyere utdanning

Artikkelen undersøker historiefortelling som del av en videreutdanningsmodell. Historienes funksjon som brobygger mellom praksis og teori blir studert på basis av narrativers egenskaper. Analysen er gjort ved hjelp av Nonakas SECI-modell. Vi finner at narrativene skaper en felles kilde til kunnskap, som både er individuell og kollektiv. Tilrettelegging for historiefortelling og refleksjon gir studentene mulighet for læring både i studiet og i arbeidshverdagen. Nøkkelord: videreutdanning, tverrprofesjonelt samarbeid, SECI-modellen, narrativer, taus kunnskappublishedVersio

Review of policy instruments for climate-smart mountain forestry

Implementing the Climate-Smart Forestry (CSF) concept into practice requires interaction among key stakeholders, especially forest owners and managers, policymakers (or regulators in general), forest consultants, and forest users. But what could be the most effective policy instruments to achieve climate smartness in mountain forests? Which ones would be the most acceptable for forest owners? And for the local forest communities? Should they be designed and implemented with the use of participatory approaches or rather on a top-down basis? This chapter summarizes key policy instruments structured in three subsequent categories: commandand-control, voluntary market-based instruments, and community cooperation. It provides examples of their functioning in the forestry sector and discusses their suitability for the implementation of climate smart forestry. It appears that there are many policy instruments used with varying degrees of success such as forest concessions or voluntary certifcation schemes. A wide range of instruments are responding to direct regulation; this has been seen as insuffcient to deal with natural hazards and calamities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Endoscopic outcomes in patients with AERD treated with topical antibiotics and intranasal corticosteroids

Background: Identifying effective therapy for recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a major challenge; and subtypes such as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are even more difficult to treat. Evidence on topical antibiotics use in (CRSwNP) is lacking. Current consensus guidelines recommend against its routine use, but recent reviews show some benefit when managing recalcitrant disease after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Objective: Evaluate the effect of culture-directed topical antibiotics on sinonasal outcomes in AERD patients with a positive perioperative sinonasal bacterial culture who have undergone ESS. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of AERD patients with positive sinonasal culture, who underwent ESS from 2016 to 2021 was performed. Forty-four patients were identified and stratified based on their postoperative medical treatment. Twenty-six underwent postoperative intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) alone, while eighteen underwent INCS plus a 4-weeks treatment with topical antibiotics. SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy score (LKS) were assessed preoperatively and at 4-weeks and 4-6 months after ESS. Results: A statistically significant improvement in the 4-weeks and 4-6 months postoperative SNOT-22 and LKS were noted within both groups (p(p=0.01). Our linear regression model demonstrated a relationship between the use of combined therapy with INCS and topical antibiotics and the LKS 4-weeks post ESS (p=0.015). Conclusion: In AERD patients with a confirmed sinus infection, the combination of culture-directed topical antibiotics and intranasal corticosteroid irrigations in the postoperative period can provide a short-term improvement in endoscopic scores

Effect of Left Atrial Function Index on Late Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Background: Although the rates of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) are rapidly increasing, there are few predictors of outcome to help inform appropriate patient selection for this procedure. Traditional echocardiographic measures of atrial structure do not significantly reclassify risk of AF recurrence over and above the clinical risk factors. Left Atrial Function Index (LAFI) is a rhythm-independent measure of atrial function. We hypothesized that baseline LAFI would relate to AF recurrence after CA. Methods: Pre-procedural echocardiograms from 170 participants, who underwent CA for AF and were enrolled in the UMMC AF Treatment Registry, were analyzed. LAFI was calculated by a previously validated formula. Primary outcome was late or clinically significant AF recurrence 3-12 months after CA. Baseline clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic variables were compared between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Results: Study participants were middle aged (60+/10 years) and had a moderate-to-severe burden of cardiovascular comorbidities. 78 participants (46%) experienced late AF recurrence. Mean LAFI was 0.26+/-0.18. In multivariate analysis, lower LAFI was independently associated with the risk of recurrence (0.23 in recurrence group vs 0.29 in non-recurrence group, p \u3c 0.01). Predictive value of LAFI for AF recurrence was similar to CHADS2 score (c-statistic 0.60 vs 0.58, p 0.76). In subgroup of patients with persistent AF, LAFI predicted AF recurrence more strongly than CHADS2 score (c-statistic: 0.79 vs 0.58, p 0.02). Conclusions: In our cohort of 170 participants with AF undergoing index CA ablation, we observed that LAFI related to late AF recurrence after CA, independent of the traditional risk factors. Since LAFI can be calculated from almost any traditional echocardiographic recording, our findings suggest that LAFI may help guide therapeutic decision-making regarding application of CA, particularly among challenging patients with symptomatic persistent AF

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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