Anizotropna radna okruženja za dinamičke sisteme i obradu slika

The research topic of this PhD thesis is a comparative analysis of classical specic geometric frameworks and of their anisotropic extensions; the construction of three different types of Finsler frameworks, which are suitable for the analysis of the cancer cells population dynamical system; the development of the anisotropic Beltrami framework theory with the derivation of the evolution ow equations corresponding to different classes of anisotropic metrics, and tentative applications in image processing.Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije je uporedna analiza klasičnih i specifičnih geometrijskih radnih okruženja i njihovih anizotropnih proširenja; konstrukcija  tri Finslerova radna okruženja različitog tipa koja su pogodna za analizu dinamičkog  sistema populacije kanceroznih ćelija; razvoj teorije anizotropnog Beltramijevog radnog okruženja i formiranje jednačina evolutivnog toka za različite klase anizotropnih metrika, kao i mogućnost primene dobijenih teorijskih rezultata u digitalnoj obradi slika

Anizotropna radna okruženja za dinamičke sisteme i obradu slika

The research topic of this PhD thesis is a comparative analysis of classical specic geometric frameworks and of their anisotropic extensions; the construction of three different types of Finsler frameworks, which are suitable for the analysis of the cancer cells population dynamical system; the development of the anisotropic Beltrami framework theory with the derivation of the evolution ow equations corresponding to different classes of anisotropic metrics, and tentative applications in image processing.Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije je uporedna analiza klasičnih i specifičnih geometrijskih radnih okruženja i njihovih anizotropnih proširenja; konstrukcija  tri Finslerova radna okruženja različitog tipa koja su pogodna za analizu dinamičkog  sistema populacije kanceroznih ćelija; razvoj teorije anizotropnog Beltramijevog radnog okruženja i formiranje jednačina evolutivnog toka za različite klase anizotropnih metrika, kao i mogućnost primene dobijenih teorijskih rezultata u digitalnoj obradi slika

APPLICATIONS OF THE MEAN CURVATURE FLOW ASSOCIATED TO ANISOTROPIC GENERALIZED LAGRANGE METRICS IN IMAGE PROCESSING

The Geodesic Active Field (GAF) approach from image processing - whose mathematical background is the Riemannian theory of submanifolds, was recently extended by the authors to the Finslerian setting, for certain specific metrics of Randers type.      The present work studies the significantly more flexible Generalized Lagrange (GL) extension,      which allows a versatile adapting of the GAF process to Finslerian, pseudo-Finslerian and      Lagrangian structures.      The mathematically essential GAF mean curvature flow PDEs of three such GL structures      (Randers-Ingarden, Synge-Beil and proper Generalized Lagrange) are explicitly obtained,      discussed, implemented, and their corresponding feature evolution is compared with the      classic results produced by the established original Riemannian GAF model

Unveiling Anticancer Potential of COX-2 and 5-LOX Inhibitors: Cytotoxicity, Radiosensitization Potential and Antimigratory Activity against Colorectal and Pancreatic Carcinoma

Apart from cytotoxicity, inhibitors of the COX-2 enzyme have demonstrated additional effects important for cancer treatment (such as radiosensitization of tumor cells and cell antimigratory effects); however, the relationship between the inhibition of other inflammation-related enzyme 5-LOX inhibitors and anticancer activity is still not well understood. In our study, the cytotoxicity of thirteen COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors previously presented by our group (1–13) was tested on three cancer cell lines (HCT 116, HT-29 and BxPC-3) and one healthy cell line (MRC-5). Compounds 3, 5, 6 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity, but good selectivity towards cancer cell lines. IC50 values were in the range of 22.99–51.66 µM (HCT 116 cell line), 8.63–41.20 µM (BxPC-3 cell line) and 24.78–81.60 µM (HT-29 cell line; compound 7 > 100 µM). In comparison to tested, commercially available COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors, both cytotoxicity and selectivity were increased. The addition of compounds 6 and 7 to irradiation treatment showed the most significant decrease in cell proliferation of the HT-29 cell line (p < 0.001). The antimigratory potential of the best dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5) was tested by a wound-healing assay using the SW620 cell line. Compounds 1 and 3 were singled out as compounds with the most potent effect (relative wound closure was 3.20% (24 h), 5,08% (48 h) for compound 1 and 3.86% (24 h), 7.68% (48 h) for compound 3). Considering all these results, compound 3 stood out as the compound with the most optimal biological activity, with the best dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitory activity, good selectivity towards tested cancer cell lines, significant cell antimigratory potential and a lack of toxic effects at therapeutic doses

Resistance to antimicrobials drugs and control measures of Salmonella spp in the poultry industry

The worldwide prevalence of multiple resistant Salmonella spp is described. Clonally distributed Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 are among the most pathogenic strains for humans. Recently there have been reports on the prevalence of ST “like” monophasic 4(5),12:i strains in some countries. Vaccination strategy and antimicorbial agent therapy is also briefly discussed. Products of animal origin must be safe and without the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Subsequently, the good management practice at farm level and HACCP in feed factories are required to cope with salmonella infections. Poultry producers in developed countries have been motivated to participate in salmonella control programs, because of public awareness on safe food and risks in the food chain. Export of poultry and poultry products is more successful in the regions where Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium have been eradicated. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31071

ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND DEMENTIA DUE TO ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF THE SERBIAN VERSION OF THE AMSTERDAM IADL QUESTIONNAIRE

To establish a diagnosis of dementia, it is necessary, in addition to cognitive impairment, to prove the existence of a disorder of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire is a reliable instrument translated into different languages. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Serbian version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire. The study  included 75 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The questionnaire was scored using the weighted average (WA) and item response theory (IRT) scoring method. Diagnostic accuracy was examined using receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the curves (AUC) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The correlation between IRT and WA scores was strong and significant (r=-0.980, p<0.001). The AUC for the IRT scores of A-IADL-Q  was 0.832 (95% CI: 0.729 to 0.909), while the AUC for the WA scores of A-IADL-Q was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.746 to 0.920). Both were significantly different from the AUC of 0.5 (p<0.001). There  was no significant difference between the AUCs of IRT and WA scoring  (z=1.157; p=0.247). Cutoffs and the highest combination of sensitivity and specificity for the IRT (sensitivity 0.767; specificity 0. 844) and WA (sensitivity 0.744; specificity 0. 844) scores of A-IADL-Q  were calculated. We have shown that A-IADL-Q has moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating dementia and MCI. This instrument can be used in combination with cognitive measures to diagnose dementia in its early stages

The application of EDTA-Tris and chlorhexidine in the treatment of endometritis as a replacement for antibiotic therapy in cows

The treatment of reproductive disorders is based on the use of the available antibiotics or antiseptic agents. Prolonged or inadequate antibiotic treatment contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistances, while the use of antiseptics, particularly in high concentrations, leads to endometrial lesions and prolonging of the service period. The present study included monitoring of: 1) reproductive disorders of cows; 2) cytological, morphological, and bacteriological laboratory analyses; 3) susceptibility testing of isolated bacterial and reference strains to the EDTA-Tris (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-hydroxymethyl aminomethane) and chlorhexidine (CHX); and 4) an estimate of the time before onset of the new sexual cycle. The aim of the research was to determine whether the combination of EDTA-Tris and CHX in concentrations that are not harmful to the endometrium may result in the satisfactory treatment of sick animals and provide optimal service periods of reproductively active animals. Research results of in vitro and in vivo analysis showed that by using the combination of EDTA-Tris and CHX bactericidal effects were achieved at lower concentrations in comparison with the concentrations that had the same effect in the absence of EDTA-Tris. The application of CHX in a concentration of 0.05% in the treatment of endometritis 10 min after infusion of EDTA-Tris solution had a positive effect on both the involution of the uterus and acutization of chronic inflammatory processes, and it was also economically advantageous when compared to the cost of treatment and the possible presence of residues in the products

Oksidativni stres u akutnoj blast povredi pluća je nezavisan od enzimske sinteze azot-monoksida

Lung trauma has been considered to be one of the vital injuries induced by explosion-generated blast overpressure. Conflicting evidence exists as to whether nitric oxide plays a crucial role in acute lung injury induced by blast. Data presented in this study demonstrate that local exposure of midthoracic region to moderate-level blast overpressure significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and superoxide anion generation in rabbit's lungs 30 minutes after exposure, whereas the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) activity showed parallel increase. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a non-specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), had no effects on the measured parameters suggesting that oxidative stress induced by blast exposure might be independent from NOS.Smatra se da je povreda pluća jedna od najvažnijih povreda do kojih dolazi delovanjem blast talasa generisanog na mestu eksplozije. Do danas ne postoji definitivan stav da li azot-monoksid ima bitnu ulogu u akutnoj blast povredi pluća. Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da lokalno delovanje blast nadpritiska srednje jačine na središnji deo toraksa dovodi do povećanog stvaranja malondialdehida, produkta lipidne peroksidacije kao i povećanog generisanja superoksidnog anjona, 30 minuta posle traume. Istovremeno, dolazi do smanjenja aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima (superoksid-dizmutaze i glutation-peroksidaze) u plućnom tkivu kunića. NG-nitro-L-arginin-metil estar (L-NAME), nespecifični inhibitor enzima azot-monoksid sintaze (NOS) nije imao efekta na određivane parametere, što ukazuje daje oskidativni stres indukovan blast povredom verovatno nezavisan od aktivnosti enzima NOS

Enhancing phytoextraction potential of Brassica napus for contaminated dredged sediment using nitrogen fertilizers and organic acids

Dredged sediment contaminated with heavy metals can be remediated through phytoremediation. The main challenge in phytoremediation is the limited availability of heavy metals for plant uptake, particularly in multi-contaminated soil or sediment. This study aimed to assess the effect of the nitrogen fertilizers ammonium nitrate (AN), ammonium sulfate (AS), and urea (UR)), organic acids (oxalic (OA) and malic (MA) acids), and their combined addition to sediment on enhancing the bioavailability and phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals. The sediment dredged from Begej Canal (Serbia) had high levels of Cr, Cd, Cu, and Pb and was used in pot experiments to cultivate energy crop rapeseed Brassica napus), which is known for its tolerance to heavy metals. The highest accumulation and translocation of Cu, Cd, and Pb were observed in the treatment with AN at a dose of 150 mg N/kg (AN150), in which shoot biomass was also the highest. The application of OA and MA increased heavy metal uptake but resulted in the lowest biomass production. A combination of MA with N fertilizers showed high uptake and accumulation of Cr and Cu