A Direct Interaction of Axonin-1 with NgCAM-related Cell Adhesion Molecule (NrCAM) Results in Guidance, but not Growth of Commissural Axons

An interaction of growth cone axonin-1 with the floor-plate NgCAM-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) was shown to play a crucial role in commissural axon guidance across the midline of the spinal cord. We now provide evidence that axonin-1 mediates a guidance signal without promoting axon elongation. In an in vitro assay, commissural axons grew preferentially on stripes coated with a mixture of NrCAM and NgCAM. This preference was abolished in the presence of anti–axonin-1 antibodies without a decrease in neurite length. Consistent with these findings, commissural axons in vivo only fail to extend along the longitudinal axis when both NrCAM and NgCAM interactions, but not when axonin-1 and NrCAM or axonin-1 and NgCAM interactions, are perturbed. Thus, we conclude that axonin-1 is involved in guidance of commissural axons without promoting their growth

Where does axon guidance lead us?

During neural circuit formation, axons need to navigate to their target cells in a complex, constantly changing environment. Although we most likely have identified most axon guidance cues and their receptors, we still cannot explain the molecular background of pathfinding for any subpopulation of axons. We lack mechanistic insight into the regulation of interactions between guidance receptors and their ligands. Recent developments in the field of axon guidance suggest that the regulation of surface expression of guidance receptors comprises transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, such as trafficking of vesicles with specific cargos, protein-protein interactions, and specific proteolysis of guidance receptors. Not only axon guidance molecules but also the regulatory mechanisms that control their spatial and temporal expression are involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, it is not surprising that genes associated with axon guidance are frequently found in genetic and genomic studies of neurodevelopmental disorders

The MC@NLO 4.0 Event Generator

This is the user's manual of MC@NLO 4.0. This package is a practical implementation, based upon the Fortran HERWIG and Herwig++ event generators, of the MC@NLO formalism, which allows one to incorporate NLO QCD matrix elements consistently into a parton shower framework. Processes available in this version include the hadroproduction of single vector and Higgs bosons, vector boson pairs, heavy quark pairs, single top, single top in association with a W, single top in association with a charged Higgs in type I or II 2HDM models, lepton pairs, and Higgs bosons in association with a W or Z. Spin correlations are included for all processes except ZZ production. This document is self-contained, but we emphasise the main differences with respect to previous versions.Comment: 36 pages, no figure

Anpassung eines Entscheidungshilfesystems für die Kirschessigfliege

Prognosemodell für Drosophila suzuki

Crystal structure of 3-benzoyl-2-[(5-bromo-2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene

In the cyclo­hexene ring of the title compound, C23H20BrNO3S, the -(CH2)4- atoms are positionally disordered [occupancy ratio = 0.753 (6):0.247 (6)]. The ring has a half-chair conformation for both the major and minor components. The dihedral angles between the mean plane of the thio­phene ring and those of the benzene and phenyl rings are 35.2 (4) and 57.7 (3)°, respectively. The planes of the two aryl rings are twisted with respect to each other by 86.4 (6)°. In the mol­ecule, there is an O-H...N hydrogen bond forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C-H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains parallel to [100].Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Probing the reactivity of a 2,2′-bipyridyl-3,3′-bis-imine ligand by X-ray crystallography

The reactivity of a Schiff-base bis-imine ligand 3 is probed by X-ray diffraction studies. Its susceptibility to hydrolysis, oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions is demonstrated by the isolation of the methanol adduct 4 and two diazapene heterocycles 5 and 6. This reactivity is also reflected in the molecular structures of two coordination complexes isolated by the reaction of 3 with MIJhfac)2 salts, to afford [Cu(5)-(hfac)(tfa)] (8) and [Zn(6)(hfac)2] (9)